{"id":113855,"date":"2026-08-22T05:50:12","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T03:50:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=113855"},"modified":"2026-08-22T05:50:12","modified_gmt":"2026-08-22T03:50:12","slug":"zombie-rakovinne-bunky-fruktoza-vede-k-sireni-noveho-nadoru-po-chemoterapii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/22\/zombie-rakovinne-bunky-fruktoza-vede-k-sireni-noveho-nadoru-po-chemoterapii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eZombie\u201c rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky: Frukt\u00f3za vede k \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nov\u00e9ho n\u00e1doru po chemoterapii"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Chemoterapie m\u00e1 za c\u00edl ni\u010dit rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u0161ak l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed ve zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m stavu \u2013 a dokonce mohou uvol\u0148ovat l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159it dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed identifikovali frukt\u00f3zu jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd faktor v tomto procesu zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edm takov\u00e9 \u201ezombie bu\u0148ky\u201c.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Chemoterapie nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b znamenat konec rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u0159ou, jin\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed a vstoup\u00ed do stavu zvan\u00e9ho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed. I kdy\u017e se ji\u017e nemno\u017e\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed biologicky aktivn\u00ed a nad\u00e1le uvol\u0148uj\u00ed do sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed \u0159adu l\u00e1tek. Pr\u00e1v\u011b na tyto \u201ezombie bu\u0148ky\u201c se v\u0161ak zam\u011b\u0159ili v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pod veden\u00edm Aidana Colea ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b agresivn\u00edho vysoce malign\u00edho ser\u00f3zn\u00edho karcinomu vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f \u2013 a p\u0159i tom objevili pozoruhodn\u00fd mechanismus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve studii \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Sekretom asociovan\u00fd se senescenc\u00ed indukovan\u00fd chemoterapi\u00ed podporuje odd\u011blen\u00ed bun\u011bk a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed metast\u00e1z prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm metabolick\u00e9ho reprogramov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Nature Aging na konci \u010dervence, v\u011bdci o\u0161et\u0159ili n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky cisplatinou. Pot\u00e9 zkoumali, kter\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159e\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed bu\u0148ky vylu\u010duj\u00ed a jak\u00fd vliv tyto sekrety maj\u00ed na sousedn\u00ed, st\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. V\u00fdsledek: Sekret podpo\u0159il odd\u011blen\u00ed t\u011bchto bun\u011bk od bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho shluku \u2013 co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd krok v dal\u0161\u00edm \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1doru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ze v\u0161eho nejv\u00edc frukt\u00f3za<\/span><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e v\u011bdci podrobn\u011bji zkoumali slo\u017een\u00ed tohoto bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9ho sekretu, jedna l\u00e1tka vynikla zejm\u00e9na: frukt\u00f3za. Rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, citliv\u00e9 chemoterapi\u00ed, uvol\u0148ovaly do sv\u00e9ho okol\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce frukt\u00f3zy. Frukt\u00f3za byla pot\u00e9 absorbov\u00e1na sousedn\u00edmi n\u00e1dorov\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami, co\u017e zm\u011bnilo jejich metabolismus. Frukt\u00f3za mimo jin\u00e9 naru\u0161ovala sign\u00e1ln\u00ed dr\u00e1hu, kter\u00e1 ovliv\u0148uje produkci cholesterolu v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1n\u011b. M\u00e9n\u011b cholesterolu v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b znamenalo slab\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi rakovinn\u00fdmi bu\u0148kami. Sn\u00e1ze se od sebe odd\u011blovaly \u2013 p\u0159esn\u011b ten proces n\u00e1dor pot\u0159ebuje, aby se jednotliv\u00e9 bu\u0148ky mohly odd\u011blit od sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodn\u00edho shluku a d\u00e1le se \u0161\u00ed\u0159it po t\u011ble.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd bod: V\u011bdci byli schopni tento efekt\u00a0<\/span>c\u00edlen\u011b zastavit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Kdy\u017e zablokovali ketohexokin\u00e1zu KHK, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd enzym v metabolismu frukt\u00f3zy, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zmizelo. Tot\u00e9\u017e se stalo, kdy\u017e zas\u00e1hli do zapojen\u00e9 mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed metabolick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy. Frukt\u00f3za se tedy neobjevila jen n\u00e1hodn\u011b vedle dal\u0161\u00edch metabolick\u00fdch produkt\u016f, ale hr\u00e1la v tomto modelu p\u0159\u00edmou roli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto se uk\u00e1zalo je\u0161t\u011b jasn\u011bji\u00a0<\/span>v pokusech na zv\u00ed\u0159atech<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. My\u0161i s rakovinou vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f dost\u00e1valy frukt\u00f3zu v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b a n\u00e1sledn\u011b se u nich vyvinulo v\u00edce rozpt\u00fdlen\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch uzl\u00edk\u016f. Jakmile v\u011bdci zablokovali metabolismus frukt\u00f3zy v rakovinn\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, tento efekt zmizel. Pou\u017eit\u00fd cukern\u00fd roztok byl o 30 procent koncentrovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e kolik \u010dlov\u011bk obvykle konzumuje v n\u00e1poj\u00edch. Princip je v\u0161ak jasn\u00fd: frukt\u00f3za podporovala \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed n\u00e1doru, dokud ji n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky mohly vyu\u017e\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 zjistili odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed sign\u00e1l u lidsk\u00fdch pacient\u016f. \u017deny s vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed hladinou frukt\u00f3zy v krvi m\u011bly v dob\u011b diagn\u00f3zy v pr\u016fm\u011bru pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1dia rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f. Tato korelace p\u0159etrv\u00e1vala i po \u00faprav\u011b na v\u011bk a index t\u011blesn\u00e9 hmotnosti. Auto\u0159i proto navrhuj\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmu frukt\u00f3zy jako mo\u017en\u00fd dopl\u0148kov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt v budoucnu klinicky zkoum\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Frukt\u00f3za ji\u017e nen\u00ed pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky n\u00e1dor\u016f nezn\u00e1m\u00e1.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ji\u017e v roce 2022 v\u011bdci v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise Cancer Letters<\/span><\/a> informovali o tom, \u017ee bu\u0148ky rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva mohou vyu\u017e\u00edvat frukt\u00f3zu jako alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie. Zejm\u00e9na kdy\u017e je gluk\u00f3za vz\u00e1cn\u00e1, n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky zvy\u0161uj\u00ed aktivitu transport\u00e9ru GLUT5 a metabolismus frukt\u00f3zy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm bypassu koron\u00e1rn\u00ed arterie (CAD). V experimentech to nejen podpo\u0159ilo r\u016fst, ale tak\u00e9 to zv\u00fd\u0161ilo odolnost rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk v\u016f\u010di chemoterapii. Kdy\u017e v\u011bdci sn\u00ed\u017eili p\u0159\u00edsun frukt\u00f3zy nebo zablokovali jej\u00ed metabolismus, r\u016fst n\u00e1doru se zpomalil a rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky se staly citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi na l\u00e9\u010dbu. Frukt\u00f3za tak pom\u00e1hala n\u00e1dorov\u00fdm bu\u0148k\u00e1m jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem \u2013 jako z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed palivo, kdy\u017e byl jejich preferovan\u00fd zdroj energie vy\u010derp\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie publikovan\u00e1 v roce 2025 v\u00a0<\/span>\u010dasopise Nature Metabolism<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159inesla je\u0161t\u011b jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky . V\u011bdci testovali 13 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch lini\u00ed rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva a zjistili, \u017ee kombinace gluk\u00f3zy a frukt\u00f3zy zvy\u0161uje motilitu a invazivitu ur\u010dit\u00fdch n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk. U my\u0161\u00ed vedla tato kombinace cukr\u016f k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu po\u010dtu jatern\u00edch metast\u00e1z, zat\u00edmco samotn\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u00ed n\u00e1dor nerostl. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, cukr nejen\u017ee zp\u016fsobil, \u017ee p\u016fvodn\u00ed n\u00e1dor rostl rychleji, ale usnadnil jeho \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed. V\u011bdci identifikovali enzym sorbitoldehydrogen\u00e1zu, zkr\u00e1cen\u011b SORD, jako kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d. Kdy\u017e tento enzym deaktivovali, dal\u0161\u00ed metastatick\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek zmizel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>studie \u010dasopisu Nature<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z roku 2024 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee n\u00e1dory ani nemus\u00ed samy metabolizovat frukt\u00f3zu, aby z n\u00ed m\u011bly prosp\u011bch. V modelech melanomu, rakoviny prsu a d\u011blo\u017en\u00edho \u010d\u00edpku tuto pr\u00e1ci vykon\u00e1vala j\u00e1tra: p\u0159em\u011b\u0148ovala frukt\u00f3zu na lipidy, kter\u00e9 se pak krevn\u00edm \u0159e\u010di\u0161t\u011bm dost\u00e1valy do n\u00e1dor\u016f a slou\u017eily jako stavebn\u00ed kameny pro nov\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 membr\u00e1ny. V\u011bdci v d\u016fsledku toho pozorovali zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd r\u016fst n\u00e1doru \u2013 bez p\u0159edchoz\u00edho p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstku hmotnosti nebo inzul\u00ednov\u00e9 rezistence u zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/span><\/p>\n

Co po sob\u011b m\u016f\u017ee zanechat chemoterapie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tato nov\u00e1 studie jasn\u011b ukazuje, pro\u010d je pohled na rakovinu jako pouh\u00fd soubor rychle rostouc\u00edch bun\u011bk p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 zjednodu\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed. N\u00e1dor je komplexn\u00ed biologick\u00fd syst\u00e9m, ve kter\u00e9m rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky, metabolick\u00e9 produkty a jejich prost\u0159ed\u00ed neust\u00e1le komunikuj\u00ed. Chemoterapie m\u016f\u017ee zni\u010dit velkou \u010d\u00e1st n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00ed bu\u0148ky mohou z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnit jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b uvolnit l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 prosp\u00edvaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edm rakovinn\u00fdm bu\u0148k\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee v tomto procesu hraje roli frukt\u00f3za, nyn\u00ed zapad\u00e1 do st\u00e1le komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho obrazu. U rakoviny tlust\u00e9ho st\u0159eva m\u016f\u017ee slou\u017eit jako alternativn\u00ed zdroj energie a podporovat rezistenci na chemoterapii. Spolu s gluk\u00f3zou m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k metast\u00e1zov\u00e1n\u00ed. U jin\u00fdch n\u00e1dor\u016f j\u00e1tra p\u0159em\u011b\u0148uj\u00ed frukt\u00f3zu na pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 lipidy. A nyn\u00ed se zd\u00e1, \u017ee u rakoviny vaje\u010dn\u00edk\u016f mohou i bu\u0148ky po\u0161kozen\u00e9 chemoterapi\u00ed uvol\u0148ovat frukt\u00f3zu, aby usnadnily odd\u011blen\u00ed sv\u00fdch st\u00e1le aktivn\u00edch soused\u016f od n\u00e1doru.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomu je dlouhodob\u00e1 debata o tom, zda cukr \u201e\u017eiv\u00ed\u201c rakovinu, zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u00fdzkum ji\u017e d\u00e1vno popisuje mnohem slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed procesy, ne\u017e je pouh\u00e9 z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1doru extra kalori\u00ed. Frukt\u00f3za m\u016f\u017ee ovliv\u0148ovat velmi specifick\u00e9 metabolick\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy, kter\u00e9 ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fst, rezistenci v\u016f\u010di l\u00e9k\u016fm a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ironi\u00ed nov\u00e9 studie je pr\u00e1v\u011b samotn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba: Chemoterapie sice rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky zne\u0161kod\u0148uje, ale nemus\u00ed je nutn\u011b zab\u00edt. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u2013 a n\u00e1sledn\u011b mohou vytvo\u0159it prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 usnad\u0148uje \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jejich st\u00e1le aktivn\u00edch soused\u016f. A jedn\u00edm z jejich pomocn\u00edk\u016f nen\u00ed nikdo jin\u00fd ne\u017e specifick\u00fd cukr, kter\u00fd se v modern\u00ed strav\u011b stal prakticky nepostradateln\u00fdm.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chemoterapie m\u00e1 za c\u00edl ni\u010dit rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u0161ak l\u00e9\u010dbu p\u0159e\u017eij\u00ed ve zm\u011bn\u011bn\u00e9m stavu \u2013…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":113856,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[6787,11470,1366,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113855"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113855"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113855\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/113856"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113855"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113855"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113855"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}