{"id":113553,"date":"2026-08-19T00:23:38","date_gmt":"2026-08-18T22:23:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=113553"},"modified":"2026-08-18T12:16:58","modified_gmt":"2026-08-18T10:16:58","slug":"zubni-kartacek-nestaci-techto-7-potravin-pomaha-chranit-zuby-pred-kazem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/19\/zubni-kartacek-nestaci-techto-7-potravin-pomaha-chranit-zuby-pred-kazem\/","title":{"rendered":"Zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek nesta\u010d\u00ed. T\u011bchto 7 potravin pom\u00e1h\u00e1 chr\u00e1nit zuby p\u0159ed kazem"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">To, co j\u00edme, ovliv\u0148uje zuby v\u00edc, ne\u017e se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e9 potraviny podporuj\u00ed tvorbu slin, pom\u00e1haj\u00ed neutralizovat kyseliny a dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed miner\u00e1ly pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k udr\u017een\u00ed pevn\u00e9 skloviny.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek, mezizubn\u00ed hygiena a pravideln\u00e9 kontroly u zuba\u0159e z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed z\u00e1kladem p\u00e9\u010de o chrup. V\u00fdznamnou roli v\u0161ak hraje i strava \u2013 a nejde jen o omezen\u00ed sladkost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zubn\u00ed kaz vznik\u00e1 postupn\u011b. Bakterie v plaku vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed cukry a dal\u0161\u00ed fermentovateln\u00e9 sacharidy z potravy a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kyseliny. Ty sni\u017euj\u00ed pH na povrchu zubu a podporuj\u00ed ztr\u00e1tu miner\u00e1l\u016f ze skloviny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proti tomu p\u016fsob\u00ed sliny. Neutralizuj\u00ed kyseliny a dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed zub\u016fm v\u00e1pn\u00edk a fosf\u00e1ty pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 k remineralizaci skloviny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proto z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed nejen na tom,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">co j\u00edme, ale tak\u00e9 jak \u010dasto<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 mls\u00e1n\u00ed nebo pop\u00edjen\u00ed sladk\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f vystavuje zuby opakovan\u00fdm pokles\u016fm pH a nech\u00e1v\u00e1 sklovin\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu na zotaven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kter\u00e9 potraviny dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vytvo\u0159it v \u00fastech p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podm\u00ednky?<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">1. S\u00fdr pom\u00e1h\u00e1 neutralizovat kysel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">S\u00fdr je pro zuby zaj\u00edmav\u00fd z n\u011bkolika d\u016fvod\u016f. Obsahuje v\u00e1pn\u00edk a fosfor a z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159i \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed podporuje tvorbu slin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00fdzkum nazna\u010duje, \u017ee po konzumaci s\u00fdra stoup\u00e1 pH plaku. M\u00e9n\u011b kysel\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed zpomaluje uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed miner\u00e1l\u016f ze skloviny, zat\u00edmco v\u00e1pn\u00edk a fosf\u00e1ty z ml\u00e9\u010dn\u00fdch v\u00fdrobk\u016f se pod\u00edlej\u00ed na jej\u00ed remineralizaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Kousek s\u00fdra po j\u00eddle je proto pro zuby p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed te\u010dkou ne\u017e sladk\u00fd dezert.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">2. K\u0159upav\u00e1 zelenina podporuje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fast<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mrkev, celer \u010di paprika zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek nenahrad\u00ed, p\u0159i \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak stimuluj\u00ed tvorbu slin. Jejich pevn\u00e1 a vl\u00e1knit\u00e1 struktura tak\u00e9 pom\u00e1h\u00e1 mechanicky odstranit \u010d\u00e1st zbytk\u016f potravy z povrchu zub\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sliny n\u00e1sledn\u011b \u0159ed\u00ed kyseliny, odplavuj\u00ed zbytky j\u00eddla a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed podm\u00ednky, ve kter\u00fdch se sklovina po j\u00eddle sn\u00e1ze remineralizuje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">K\u0159upav\u00e1 zelenina p\u0159edstavuje vhodnou sou\u010d\u00e1st hlavn\u00edho j\u00eddla i sva\u010diny.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">3. Listov\u00e1 zelenina dod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eiviny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 i pro d\u00e1sn\u011b<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u0160pen\u00e1t, kapusta a dal\u0161\u00ed tmav\u011b zelen\u00e1 zelenina p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed do j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku v\u00e1pn\u00edk, fol\u00e1t, vitam\u00edn K a mno\u017estv\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edch mikro\u017eivin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pozorovac\u00ed studie spojuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed konzumaci zeleniny bohat\u00e9 na vl\u00e1kninu a mikro\u017eiviny s lep\u0161\u00edm stavem d\u00e1sn\u00ed. Listov\u00e1 zelenina v\u0161ak nefunguje jako n\u00e1hrada \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f. Jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v \u017eivin\u00e1ch a kvalit\u011b cel\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">4. Jablka podporuj\u00ed tvorbu slin<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jablka se n\u011bkdy ozna\u010duj\u00ed za \u201ep\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek\u201c. Toto p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba br\u00e1t s rezervou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u017dv\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed pevn\u00e9ho jablka podporuje tvorbu slin a jeho vl\u00e1knit\u00e1 struktura pom\u00e1h\u00e1 odstranit \u010d\u00e1st zbytk\u016f j\u00eddla. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ov\u0161em obsahuje p\u0159irozen\u00e9 cukry a organick\u00e9 kyseliny, tak\u017ee zuby nevy\u010dist\u00ed tak jako kart\u00e1\u010dek.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Cel\u00e9 jablko je p\u0159esto pro zdrav\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbou ne\u017e sladkosti nebo slazen\u00e9 n\u00e1poje. V\u00fdhodu m\u00e1 tak\u00e9 oproti d\u017eusu, kter\u00fd zuby vystavuje cukr\u016fm a kyselin\u00e1m bez vl\u00e1knit\u00e9 struktury cel\u00e9ho ovoce.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">5. Mastn\u00e9 ryby dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed vitam\u00edn D a omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Losos, sardinky, makrela \u010di sle\u010f jsou zdrojem vitam\u00ednu D a omega-3 mastn\u00fdch kyselin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vitamin D pom\u00e1h\u00e1 organizmu vst\u0159eb\u00e1vat v\u00e1pn\u00edk a podporuje zdrav\u00ed mineralizovan\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010detn\u011b zub\u016f. Omega-3 mastn\u00e9 kyseliny se zase zkoumaj\u00ed v souvislosti se z\u00e1n\u011btliv\u00fdmi procesy a zdrav\u00edm d\u00e1sn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy nazna\u010duj\u00ed souvislost mezi jejich vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem a lep\u0161\u00edm stavem d\u00e1sn\u00ed. P\u0159\u00ednos ryb je t\u0159eba vn\u00edmat hlavn\u011b jako sou\u010d\u00e1st kvalitn\u00edho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">6. O\u0159echy a semena p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed miner\u00e1ly bez velk\u00e9 d\u00e1vky cukru<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mandle, vla\u0161sk\u00e9 o\u0159echy a sezamov\u00e1 sem\u00ednka obsahuj\u00ed v\u00e1pn\u00edk, fosfor,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.badatel.net\/na-forme-horcika-zalezi-viac-nez-si-myslite-ktora-je-najlepsia-na-spanok-stres-zapchu-ci-sustredenie\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">ho\u0159\u010d\u00edk<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00ed \u017eiviny pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro kosti a zuby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Na rozd\u00edl od sladkost\u00ed \u010di su\u0161enek z\u00e1rove\u0148 nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed velk\u00fd zdroj snadno dostupn\u00fdch cukr\u016f pro bakterie plaku a jejich \u017ev\u00fdk\u00e1n\u00ed podporuje tvorbu slin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nam\u00edsto hled\u00e1n\u00ed jedn\u00e9 \u201ez\u00e1zra\u010dn\u00e9\u201c potraviny na sklovinu je proto u\u017eite\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed nahrazovat sladk\u00e9 pochutiny potravinami, kter\u00e9 zuby nevystavuj\u00ed opakovan\u00fdm kysel\u00fdm \u00fatok\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">7. Zelen\u00fd a \u010dern\u00fd \u010daj obsahuj\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 polyfenoly<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zelen\u00fd i \u010dern\u00fd \u010daj obsahuj\u00ed polyfenoly, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci zkoumaj\u00ed pro jejich p\u016fsoben\u00ed na bakterie dutiny \u00fastn\u00ed a tvorbu plaku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Laboratorn\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 klinick\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee l\u00e1tky obsa\u017een\u00e9 v \u010daji ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed r\u016fst a aktivitu n\u011bkter\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed spojen\u00fdch se zubn\u00edm kazem a onemocn\u011bn\u00edmi d\u00e1sn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Plat\u00ed to v\u0161ak pro\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">neslazen\u00fd \u010daj<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. Pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159id\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed cukru nebo medu a jeho pop\u00edjen\u00ed cel\u00e9 hodiny znamen\u00e1 opakovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun cukru bakteri\u00edm v plaku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u010cern\u00fd \u010daj m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i \u010dast\u00e9m pit\u00ed zanech\u00e1vat na zubech povrchov\u00e9 pigmentace. Ty v\u0161ak nejsou zubn\u00edm kazem.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">U zubn\u00edho kazu nerozhoduje pouze mno\u017estv\u00ed cukru<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sladkosti jsou pro zuby probl\u00e9m, ale v\u00fdznamnou roli hraje i frekvence jejich konzumace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Po p\u0159\u00edjmu fermentovateln\u00fdch sacharid\u016f bakterie v plaku vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed kyseliny a pH na povrchu zubu kles\u00e1. Sliny jej n\u00e1sledn\u011b postupn\u011b vracej\u00ed sm\u011brem k bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hodnot\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud v\u0161ak ka\u017edou chv\u00edli sn\u00edme su\u0161enku, bonbon nebo si odpijeme ze slazen\u00e9ho n\u00e1poje, cel\u00fd proces za\u010dne znovu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro zuby je proto zpravidla hor\u0161\u00ed pop\u00edjet slazen\u00fd n\u00e1poj po dou\u0161c\u00edch cel\u00e9 odpoledne, ne\u017e ho vyp\u00edt najednou s j\u00eddlem. Sklovina je toti\u017e cukru a kyselin\u00e1m vystavena opakovan\u011b a mezi jednotliv\u00fdmi poklesy pH m\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasu na remineralizaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Kter\u00e9 potraviny a n\u00e1poje p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m?<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Slazen\u00e9 n\u00e1poje<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 limon\u00e1dy a energetick\u00e9 n\u00e1poje dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed bakteri\u00edm cukr a mnoh\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1rove\u0148 kysel\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Lepkav\u00e9 sladkosti<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na povrchu zub\u016f a mezi zuby d\u00e9le ne\u017e potraviny, kter\u00e9 se z \u00fast rychle odstran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Su\u0161en\u00e9 ovoce<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 obsahuje koncentrovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed cukr\u016f a n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy se lehce zachyt\u00e1vaj\u00ed na zubech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Krekry, chipsy a dal\u0161\u00ed rafinovan\u00e9 \u0161krobov\u00e9 potraviny<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 \u0161kroby se v \u00fastech rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed na jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed sacharidy a zbytky t\u011bchto potravin se mohou zachyt\u00e1vat mezi zuby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Velmi kysel\u00e9 n\u00e1poje a potraviny<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 p\u0159i \u010dast\u00e9 konzumaci p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k erozi skloviny. Probl\u00e9mem nen\u00ed ob\u010dasn\u00fd pomeran\u010d \u010di citr\u00f3n v j\u00eddle, ale zejm\u00e9na \u010dast\u00e9 a dlouhodob\u00e9 vystavov\u00e1n\u00ed zub\u016f kysel\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Zuby pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u010das na zotaven\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jedna z nejprakti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edch z\u00e1sad pro zdrav\u00fd chrup je n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Dop\u0159ejte zub\u016fm mezi j\u00eddly p\u0159est\u00e1vku.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159i neust\u00e1l\u00e9m mls\u00e1n\u00ed dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed bakterie opakovan\u011b nov\u00fd zdroj sacharid\u016f. Pokud mezi j\u00eddly nech\u00e1me dostate\u010dn\u00fd odstup a pijeme zejm\u00e9na \u010distou vodu, sliny maj\u00ed prostor neutralizovat kyseliny a podporovat remineralizaci skloviny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Po kysel\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u00edch nebo j\u00eddlech nav\u00edc nen\u00ed vhodn\u00e9 okam\u017eit\u011b \u010distit zuby. Lep\u0161\u00ed je vypl\u00e1chnout \u00fasta vodou as \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm chv\u00edli po\u010dkat.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Strava pom\u00e1h\u00e1, ale zubn\u00ed kart\u00e1\u010dek nenahrad\u00ed<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">J\u00eddlo dok\u00e1\u017ee podm\u00ednky v \u00fastech v\u00fdrazn\u011b ovlivnit, ale ji\u017e vzniklou d\u00edru v zubu nevyl\u00e9\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V nejran\u011bj\u0161\u00edm st\u00e1diu kazu, kdy je\u0161t\u011b nevznikla kavita, lze proces demineralizace zastavit a podpo\u0159it remineralizaci skloviny. Pokud se ji\u017e vytvo\u0159ila prohlube\u0148, samotn\u00e1 zm\u011bna j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku ji nezacel\u00ed a je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed odborn\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nejlep\u0161\u00ed ochrana proto spojuje pravideln\u00e9 \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zub\u016f, \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed mezizubn\u00edch prostor, preventivn\u00ed prohl\u00eddky a rozumn\u00fd j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dek. S\u00fdr, zelenina, o\u0159echy, ryby \u010di neslazen\u00fd \u010daj mohou b\u00fdt jeho u\u017eite\u010dnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam m\u00e1 omezen\u00ed neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho mls\u00e1n\u00ed a pop\u00edjen\u00ed sladk\u00fdch n\u00e1poj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro zdrav\u00ed zub\u016f tedy nerozhoduje jen to, co j\u00edme. Stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je, jak \u010dasto je b\u011bhem dne vystavujeme cukr\u016fm a kyselin\u00e1m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Autor: Kevin Hughes, Zdroj:\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.naturalnews.com\/2026-08-14-secret-to-perfect-teeth-cavity-fighting-foods.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">naturalnews.com<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>To, co j\u00edme, ovliv\u0148uje zuby v\u00edc, ne\u017e se na prvn\u00ed pohled zd\u00e1. N\u011bkter\u00e9 potraviny podporuj\u00ed&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":113554,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[750,8249,21,4860],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113553"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113553"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113553\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/113554"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113553"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113553"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113553"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}