{"id":113466,"date":"2026-08-18T00:13:51","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T22:13:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=113466"},"modified":"2026-08-17T11:21:43","modified_gmt":"2026-08-17T09:21:43","slug":"dialektika-soudobeho-skolstvi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/18\/dialektika-soudobeho-skolstvi\/","title":{"rendered":"Dialektika soudob\u00e9ho \u0161kolstv\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

7. srpna\u00a0vy\u0161el na<\/a><\/u>\u00a0odkazu \u010dl\u00e1nek S. A. Ho\u0161ka \u201eV\u0161eobecn\u00e9 hloupnut\u00ed\u201c<\/p>\n

\u2026Je\u0161t\u011b za vl\u00e1dy KS\u010c byla v\u00a0na\u0161em st\u00e1t\u011b pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 \u201ed\u011blnick\u00e1 t\u0159\u00edda\u201c nejpo\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstvou spole\u010dnosti. A technologick\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 v\u011bt\u0161iny podnik\u016f, byla u\u017e takov\u00e1, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd d\u011bln\u00edk musel m\u00edt alespo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd. O technic\u00edch ani nemluv\u011b. Ti museli zn\u00e1t kup\u0159\u00edkladu p\u0159edm\u011bty z\u00a0oblasti fyziky od statiky po termodynamiku. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kr\u00e1lovnu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edch v\u011bd, matematiku v\u00a0pln\u00e9m rozsahu.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti ani nejvzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vrstva \u201epracuj\u00edc\u00edch\u201c tedy \u201eaj\u0165\u00e1ci\u201c, nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed zn\u00e1t tak zvanou vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed matematiku od trigonometrie po diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnice, nato\u017e kup\u0159\u00edkladu tenzorov\u00fd po\u010det a jin\u00e9 \u201elah\u016fdky.\u201c Pro sf\u00e9ru slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e1 je v\u00a0t\u00e9to etap\u011b v\u00fdvoje nej\u0161ir\u0161\u00edm rezervo\u00e1rem zam\u011bstnanosti je pot\u0159eba podstatn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00edho stupn\u011b vzd\u011blanosti. Pokud je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00fdch speci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011bdomosti, pak jsou z\u00a0obor\u016f humanitn\u00edch nauk, marn\u011b se sna\u017e\u00edc\u00edch tv\u00e1\u0159it jako exaktn\u00ed v\u011bdy. Nauky prakticky v\u017edycky sklouz\u00e1vaj\u00ed do ideologi\u00ed a mnohdy vrchol\u00ed a\u017e dogmati\u010dnost\u00ed. A nedok\u00e1\u017ee to zm\u011bnit ani kr\u00e1lovna t\u011bchto nauk, filosofie.<\/p>\n

P\u0159edlistopadov\u00e1 vzd\u011blanost populace\u00a0byla spjata s \u00e9tosem produktivn\u00edho \u017eivota,\u00a0<\/b>kter\u00fd podobn\u00e9mu regresu br\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e byl d\u016fvod, pro\u010d byl \u010desk\u00fd n\u00e1rod a tzv. ob\u010dansk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost v\u00a0roce 1989 vzd\u011blan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, sebev\u011bdom\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a historicky mnohem optimisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e roku 2026, jak rovn\u011b\u017e potvrdil ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum. Nav\u00edc spole\u010dnost, v\u00a0n\u00ed\u017e jsou presti\u017e, bohatstv\u00ed a status prim\u00e1rn\u011b spjaty s\u00a0parazitismem, spekulacemi a medi\u00e1ln\u00edm spekt\u00e1klem, je odsouzena k\u00a0intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed stagnaci a hloupnut\u00ed je jej\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm ko\u0159enem.<\/p>\n

Dennodenn\u00ed praxe na\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti, kdy se jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m jev\u00ed p\u0159ekrucov\u00e1n\u00ed informac\u00ed, le\u017e a jin\u00e9 formy manipulace, toto tvrzen\u00ed o intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed a mor\u00e1ln\u00ed stagnaci a hloupnut\u00ed jenom potvrzuje.<\/p>\n

Depresivn\u00ed z\u00e1v\u011br vede k\u00a0ot\u00e1zce, co se stalo s\u00a0 v\u0161eobecn\u00fdm \u0161kolstv\u00edm,<\/p>\n

\u017ee v\u00a0informa\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti jsou nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem informace?<\/b><\/p>\n

T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 s\u00a0ka\u017ed\u00fdm ministrem \u0161kolstv\u00ed sl\u00fdch\u00e1me o nutnosti kl\u00e1st m\u00e9n\u011b d\u016frazu na bezduch\u00e9 memorov\u00e1n\u00ed fakt\u016f, mechanick\u00e9 po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed, opakov\u00e1n\u00ed rutinn\u00edch postup\u016f a v\u00edce d\u016frazu na projektovou v\u00fduku, \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdch probl\u00e9m\u016f, t\u00fdmovou pr\u00e1ci, prezentov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f a pr\u00e1ci s\u00a0v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technikou jako s n\u00e1strojem, nikoli jako n\u00e1hradou vlastn\u00edho my\u0161len\u00ed.\u00a0<\/i><\/p>\n

To zn\u00ed hezky, ale o projektov\u011b orientovan\u00e9 v\u00fduce, kdy\u017e zapomeneme na Johna Deweye,*) se mluv\u00ed u\u017e od 70. let \u2013 a ta m\u00e1 tu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed nev\u00fdhodu, \u017ee to funguje jenom ve velmi mal\u00fdch t\u0159\u00edd\u00e1ch zhruba do patn\u00e1cti d\u011bt\u00ed. V\u011bt\u0161ina modern\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f v\u00fduky zn\u00ed zaj\u00edmav\u011b, ale ne v takov\u00e9 masov\u00e9 v\u00fduce, kterou m\u00e1me nebo jsme doned\u00e1vna m\u011bli \u2013 t\u0159icet d\u011bt\u00ed na u\u010ditele je opravdu probl\u00e9m.\u00a0Krom\u011b toho \u2013 inkluze!<\/p>\n

Kdy i d\u011bti se speci\u00e1ln\u00edmi vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00edmi pot\u0159ebami nebo posti\u017een\u00edm nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sp\u00e1dov\u00e9 \u0161koly spole\u010dn\u011b s ostatn\u00edmi d\u011btmi. C\u00edlem inkluze je zabr\u00e1nit okolnostem, kter\u00e9 zap\u0159\u00ed\u010di\u0148uj\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vylou\u010den\u00ed. Teoretici inkluze si nedovedou p\u0159edstavit, co ud\u011bl\u00e1 s\u00a0k\u00e1zn\u00ed ve t\u0159\u00edd\u011b by\u0165 jeden jedin\u00fd ment\u00e1ln\u011b posti\u017een\u00fd i kdy\u017e jde pouze o jeho hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Ve sportu to \u0161lo. Existuje olympi\u00e1da a paralympi\u00e1da, \u010di speci\u00e1ln\u00ed sout\u011b\u017ee podle druhu posti\u017een\u00ed. Ve vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed to nejde?<\/p>\n

*)Pozn\u00e1mka \u2013 v\u00fd\u0148atek z\u00a0p\u0159\u00edru\u010dn\u00edho slovn\u00edku pedagogick\u00e9ho vydan\u00e9ho 1939. D\u00edt\u011b se m\u00e1 zmoc\u0148ovati v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed vlastn\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed. C\u00edl vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed je t\u0159eba spat\u0159ovati ve vlastn\u00edm pozn\u00e1vac\u00edm pochodu a teprve v\u00a0druh\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b na budouc\u00ed povol\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u011btstv\u00ed m\u00e1 samostatnou \u017eivotn\u00ed hodnotu, kter\u00e9 se m\u00e1 \u0161kola p\u0159izp\u016fsobiti. C\u00edlem v\u00fdchovy je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed pospolitost. \u017d\u00e1d\u00e1 postup od ned\u011blen\u00e9ho vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed o prost\u0159ed\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte (metoda probl\u00e9mov\u00e1) k\u00a0probuzen\u00ed z\u00e1jmu o jednotliv\u00e9 obory zku\u0161enosti. Z\u00e1jem pramen\u00ed z\u00a0vnit\u0159n\u00edho r\u016fstu a poj\u00ed se k\u00a0c\u00edl\u016fm, kter\u00e9 si \u017e\u00e1k s\u00e1m klade (z\u00e1klad metody projektov\u00e9). V tomto pojet\u00ed buduje Dewey pracovn\u00ed \u0161koly. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed metodou k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f je praktick\u00e1 \u010dinnost a experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017e\u00e1ka. \u017d\u00e1ci se u\u010d\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee ve \u0161kole \u0159e\u0161\u00ed \u00falohy a praktick\u00e9 situace. \u017d\u00e1k m\u00e1 toti\u017e zkou\u0161et, pou\u017e\u00edvat r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory, informace a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 si m\u00e1 pamatovat optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed je praktick\u00e1 \u010dinnost \u017e\u00e1k\u016f, u\u010den\u00ed \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Co m\u00e1 vlastn\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zajistit v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy se ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017e\u00e1k\/poslucha\u010d m\u016f\u017ee AI na cokoliv zeptat?<\/b><\/p>\n

Pokus\u00edm se stanovit schopnosti, tedy vlastnosti nebo potenci\u00e1ly jedince, kter\u00e9 vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z vrozen\u00fdch vloh a kter\u00e9 se d\u00e1le rozv\u00edjej\u00ed tr\u00e9ninkem a u\u010den\u00edm. Vynech\u00e1m li schopnost komunikovat slovem a p\u00edsmem a zvl\u00e1dnut\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch po\u010detn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f (\u010dili jak se od 18. stolet\u00ed \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u2013 trivium), je to na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b<\/p>\n

Rozv\u00edjet schopnost u\u010dit se.\u00a0<\/b><\/i>\u00a0<\/b>V\u0161imn\u011bte si l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f (nebo advok\u00e1t\u016f). I sebestar\u0161\u00ed praktik v\u00ed co je nov\u00e9ho v oboru a co se nov\u011b v l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 (advok\u00e1tn\u00ed) praxi osv\u011bd\u010dilo.<\/p>\n

Na druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto bych za\u0159adil\u00a0Rozv\u00edjet schopnost kl\u00e1st dobr\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky.\u00a0<\/b><\/i>To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pro orientaci a nez\u00e1stupn\u00e9 pro tolik citovan\u00e9\u00a0kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed<\/b><\/i>, kter\u00e9 jedin\u00e9 v\u00e1m pom\u016f\u017ee rozpoznat le\u017e, reklamu a manipulaci.<\/p>\n

Sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed by tak\u00e9 m\u011bla b\u00fdt\u00a0R\u00e9torika.\u00a0<\/b><\/i>Tady se potk\u00e1v\u00e1m s\u00a0hluch\u00fdmi, kte\u0159\u00ed ji pohrdav\u011b \u0159ad\u00ed do starov\u011bku a necht\u011bj\u00ed pochopit, \u017ee\u00a0jasn\u011b<\/b>\u00a0vysv\u011btlit my\u0161lenku, p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010dit ostatn\u00ed, naslouchat a spolupracovat<\/b>\u00a0je \u00fapln\u00fdm z\u00e1kladem pro t\u00fdmovou pr\u00e1ci.<\/p>\n

\u010casto citovanou schopnost\u00ed je tak\u00e9\u00a0Tvo\u0159ivost.\u00a0<\/b><\/i>Ano, jsem p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee se m\u00e1 podporovat, ale nejsp\u00ed\u0161e t\u00edm, \u017ee ji vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed proces odhal\u00ed a sv\u011b\u0159it tam, kde jsou schopni tu tvo\u0159ivost rozv\u00edjet.<\/p>\n

Jak se tyto po\u017eadavky potk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm\u00a0vyu\u010dovac\u00edm procesem? Schopnost u\u010dit se, hlad po vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed je, podle m\u00e9ho soudu, aktu\u00e1ln\u00ed jenom u margin\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 je motivovan\u00e1 jin\u00fdmi zdroji, z\u00a0rodiny, literatury, nebo sv\u00fdmi kon\u00ed\u010dky.<\/p>\n

Schopnost kl\u00e1st dobr\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky \u2013 nechci se m\u00fdlit, ale domn\u00edv\u00e1m se, \u017ee se ve vyu\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed nerozv\u00edj\u00ed v\u016fbec, \u017ee ot\u00e1zky klade jenom vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed a nevytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed aktivn\u011b prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m jsou ot\u00e1zky p\u0159irozen\u011b nutn\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u017dijeme v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy vlastnictv\u00ed smartphonu je tot\u00e1ln\u011b demokratizov\u00e1no, maj\u00ed je nejen dosp\u011blci, ale i d\u011bti, policist\u00e9 i zlo\u010dinci a poradit se s\u00a0um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed (AI) je pouh\u00e1 rutina. Kdy byla bitva u Hastingsu, jak spolu souvis\u00ed John Wycliff a Jan Mil\u00ed\u010d z\u00a0Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017ee, jak Labradorsk\u00fd proud ovliv\u0148uje klima Apala\u010dsk\u00e9ho poho\u0159\u00ed\u2026D\u016fraz na tyto ot\u00e1zky najednou ztr\u00e1c\u00ed smysl. Co d\u00e1l? Sout\u011b\u017eit s\u00a0AI tak\u00e9 postr\u00e1d\u00e1 smysl \u2013 je nesrovnateln\u011b se\u010dt\u011blej\u0161\u00ed. Rozv\u00edjet schopnosti, kter\u00e9 jsem v\u00fd\u0161e popsal by m\u011bli v\u00e9st ke schopnosti samostatn\u011b p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let.<\/p>\n

Tuto schopnost n\u00e1m sou\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m bere<\/b>.<\/p>\n

Tla\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1s k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee to co n\u00e1m \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 mainstream je pravda a kdo \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho je dezol\u00e1t nebo prorusk\u00fd (pro\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd\u2026) \u0161v\u00e1b. Je\u0161t\u011b jednou:\u00a0\u0158\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina m\u00e1 v\u017edycky pravdu.<\/b>\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad: V\u011bt\u0161ina v\u011bdc\u016f v\u00a0IPCC tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee za klimatickou zm\u011bnou stoj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed fosiln\u00edch paliv. A tu v\u011bt\u0161inu vztahuje na sebe \u2013 \u010cT, Seznam, Novinky, Aktu\u00e1ln\u011b\u2026<\/p>\n

\u0158\u00edk\u00e1 se tomu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed konformismus. Nechci-li m\u00edt probl\u00e9my, m\u00e1m b\u00fdt soci\u00e1ln\u011b konformn\u00ed! Jen\u017ee ten konformismus z n\u00e1s d\u011bl\u00e1 dav, ne mysl\u00edc\u00ed jedince. To u\u017e tady bylo: \u201eV\u016fdce buduje \u0158\u00ed\u0161i. Pomo\u017e a kupuj jenom N\u011bmeck\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed!\u201c A my se v\u0161ichni divili, \u017ee jeden zneuznan\u00fd mal\u00ed\u0159 zblbnul cel\u00e9, tehdy \u0161edes\u00e1ti milionov\u00e9, N\u011bmecko. Je to jenom na n\u00e1s.<\/p>\n

napsal Leo\u00a0 K.<\/strong><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

7. srpna\u00a0vy\u0161el na\u00a0odkazu \u010dl\u00e1nek S. A. Ho\u0161ka \u201eV\u0161eobecn\u00e9 hloupnut\u00ed\u201c \u2026Je\u0161t\u011b za vl\u00e1dy KS\u010c byla v\u00a0na\u0161em…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":53953,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,940,121,1940],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113466"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113466"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113466\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53953"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}