{"id":113407,"date":"2026-08-17T00:32:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T22:32:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=113407"},"modified":"2026-08-16T19:59:55","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T17:59:55","slug":"aes-kdyz-washington-stale-chce-kazat-sahelu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/17\/aes-kdyz-washington-stale-chce-kazat-sahelu\/","title":{"rendered":"AES: Kdy\u017e Washington st\u00e1le chce k\u00e1zat Sahelu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Demokratick\u00fd z\u00e1stupce James P. McGovern zaslal 12. srpna dopis ministrovi zahrani\u010d\u00ed Marcovi Rubiovi, v n\u011bm\u017e vyzval k c\u00edlen\u00fdm sankc\u00edm proti bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm \u010dinitel\u016fm v centr\u00e1ln\u00edm Sahelu. Tento krok, prezentovan\u00fd jako obrana lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, se jev\u00ed jako dal\u0161\u00ed pokus Washingtonu diktovat sv\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed regionu, kter\u00fd se pr\u00e1v\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed osvobodit od vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho tlaku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m dopise McGovern \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 americkou administrativu, aby do centra sv\u00e9 politiky v\u016f\u010di Mali, Burkin\u011b Faso a Nigeru postavila lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a ochranu civiln\u00edho obyvatelstva. Na pap\u00ed\u0159e to m\u016f\u017ee zn\u00edt u\u0161lechtile, ale vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 to jednoduchou ot\u00e1zku: na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010deho si Washington st\u00e1le dovoluje \u0159\u00edkat st\u00e1t\u016fm ESA, jak maj\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed krizi, kter\u00e1 se jich p\u0159\u00edmo dot\u00fdk\u00e1?<\/span><\/p>\n

Washingtonsk\u00fd pohled na Sahel<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

McGovern, spolup\u0159edseda Komise Toma Lantose pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, se op\u00edr\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na o sv\u011bdectv\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 b\u011bhem sly\u0161en\u00ed v Kongresu, kter\u00e9 se konalo 14. kv\u011btna ve Washingtonu a kter\u00e9 se t\u00fdkalo situace civilist\u016f v Sahelu. Americk\u00e1 komise popisuje region \u010del\u00edc\u00ed zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m a z n\u011bkter\u00fdch poru\u0161en\u00ed obvi\u0148uje st\u00e1tn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato interpretace v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m: m\u00e1 tendenci izolovat jedn\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edch sil od reality, ve kter\u00e9 operuj\u00ed. Mali, Burkina Faso a Niger ne\u010del\u00ed teoretick\u00e9 krizi studovan\u00e9 z Washingtonu. P\u0159\u00edmo se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s ozbrojen\u00fdmi skupinami napojen\u00fdmi na al-K\u00e1idu a Isl\u00e1msk\u00fd st\u00e1t, kter\u00e9 ze Sahelu ud\u011blaly jedno z hlavn\u00edch ohnisek d\u017eih\u00e1distick\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/span>1<\/span><\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti po\u017eadavek na st\u00e1ty zapojen\u00e9 do v\u00e1lky proti ozbrojen\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m, aby jednodu\u0161e \u201erespektovaly\u201c standardy definovan\u00e9 ze zahrani\u010d\u00ed, nep\u0159edstavuje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiku. V nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed probl\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sankce jako reakce na krizi, kter\u00e1 nen\u00ed pod kontrolou<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

McGovern po\u017eaduje zejm\u00e9na, aby americk\u00e1 pomoc byla podm\u00edn\u011bna dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho humanit\u00e1rn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a aby byly zv\u00e1\u017eeny sankce v r\u00e1mci Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Magnitsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zd\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00ed je p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e9. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty navrhuj\u00ed sankce v\u016f\u010di bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se rozhodly p\u0159evz\u00edt zp\u011bt kontrolu nad svou obrannou politikou a ji\u017e nebudou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na tradi\u010dn\u00edch z\u00e1padn\u00edch partnerech.<\/span><\/p>\n

AES, kterou tvo\u0159\u00ed Mali, Burkina Faso a Niger, po\u017eaduje konkr\u00e9tn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed strategickou autonomii a spolupr\u00e1ci zalo\u017eenou na vlastn\u00edch z\u00e1jmech. V t\u00e9to souvislosti je pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee hrozba americk\u00fdch sankc\u00ed bude vn\u00edm\u00e1na p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako dal\u0161\u00ed projev politiky vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho n\u00e1tlaku, kterou se tyto t\u0159i zem\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed zpochybnit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, Washington hroz\u00ed sankcemi v\u016f\u010di akt\u00e9r\u016fm, jejich\u017e deklarovan\u00fdm c\u00edlem je pr\u00e1v\u011b sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed vlivu Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va stanou politick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Snad nejironi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aspekt McGovern\u016fv p\u0159\u00edstupu spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jinde. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pravideln\u011b prohla\u0161uj\u00ed, \u017ee prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky chr\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 udr\u017euj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiku, kter\u00e1 se do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry \u0159\u00edd\u00ed jejich vlastn\u00edmi strategick\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zka, kter\u00e1 pak v Sahelu vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1, je jednoduch\u00e1: pro\u010d by m\u011bly b\u00fdt stejn\u00e9 principy uplat\u0148ov\u00e1ny selektivn\u011b v z\u00e1vislosti na partnerech Washingtonu?<\/span><\/p>\n

Zem\u011b skupiny pro hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bci (ESAG) lze samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kritizovat, stejn\u011b jako kter\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd st\u00e1t. Systematick\u00e9 prezentov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich vl\u00e1d z pohledu poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v, ani\u017e by se jejich rozhodnut\u00ed zasazovala do kontextu boje proti ozbrojen\u00fdm skupin\u00e1m a jejich touhy po strategick\u00e9 emancipaci, se rovn\u00e1 redukci slo\u017eit\u00e9 reality na pohodln\u00fd narativ.<\/span><\/p>\n

AES ji\u017e nepot\u0159ebuje povolen\u00ed Washingtonu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

McGovern\u016fv krok p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b, kdy se Washington sou\u010dasn\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed obnovit dialog se t\u0159emi hlavn\u00edmi m\u011bsty Sahelu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontrast je v\u00fdmluvn\u00fd: zat\u00edmco n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ameri\u010dt\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 usiluj\u00ed o \u201epragmatickou spolupr\u00e1ci\u201c se zem\u011bmi v regionu, jeden zvolen\u00fd americk\u00fd p\u0159edstavitel sou\u010dasn\u011b vol\u00e1 po dal\u0161\u00edch sankc\u00edch a tlaku. Tento rozpor ilustruje obt\u00ed\u017ee Washingtonu s definov\u00e1n\u00edm ucelen\u00e9 strategie v\u016f\u010di ESA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zde vid\u00edme starou metodu americk\u00e9 diplomacie: p\u0159\u00edstup cukru a bi\u010de. Kdy\u017e dialog a nab\u00eddnut\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti vedou k \u00fastupk\u016fm, Washington up\u0159ednost\u0148uje \u201espolupr\u00e1ci\u201c. Kdy\u017e hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsta ESA odm\u00edtaj\u00ed vyhov\u011bt jeho po\u017eadavk\u016fm, sankce a tlak jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny jako odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed prost\u0159edek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato strategie v\u0161ak riskuje, \u017ee naraz\u00ed na novou realitu v Sahelu. Tyto t\u0159i zem\u011b se rozhodly pos\u00edlit svou spolupr\u00e1ci, br\u00e1nit svou suverenitu a definovat si vlastn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed priority. Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 v\u016fdc\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed se prezentuj\u00ed jako ochotn\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e9st nezbytn\u00e9 ob\u011bti k obran\u011b sv\u00fdch zem\u00ed, hrozba sankc\u00ed ji\u017e nutn\u011b nep\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed po\u017eadovan\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopis Jamese P. McGovern tuto realitu nem\u011bn\u00ed. Slou\u017e\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka jedn\u00e9 v\u011bci: ve Washingtonu n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci nad\u00e1le hovo\u0159\u00ed o Sahelu, jako by rozhodnut\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se Bamaka, Ouagadougou a Niamey musela b\u00fdt st\u00e1le p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1na v s\u00e1lech americk\u00e9ho Kongresu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Doba, kdy tyto africk\u00e9 zem\u011b \u010dekaly na souhlas ciz\u00edch mocnost\u00ed, se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt pry\u010d. Jak \u201emrkev\u201c, tak \u201ebi\u010d\u201c se nyn\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b setkaj\u00ed s vl\u00e1dami, kter\u00e9 prosazuj\u00ed svou suverenitu, a s obyvatelstvem, kter\u00e9 obranu sv\u00e9 zem\u011b pova\u017euje za boj, za kter\u00fd je p\u0159ipraveno zem\u0159\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0<\/span>Francka Ntasamary<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. <\/span>Pozn\u00e1mka editora RI: N\u00e1zvy dan\u00e9 subjekt\u016fm vytvo\u0159en\u00fdm a udr\u017eovan\u00fdm hegemonem, kter\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed jako kryt\u00ed pro jeho \u017eoldn\u00e9\u0159e rekrutovan\u00e9 z muslimsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Demokratick\u00fd z\u00e1stupce James P. McGovern zaslal 12. srpna dopis ministrovi zahrani\u010d\u00ed Marcovi Rubiovi, v n\u011bm\u017e…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":113408,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[9779,10210,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113407"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113407\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/113408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113407"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}