{"id":113371,"date":"2026-08-17T00:18:06","date_gmt":"2026-08-16T22:18:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=113371"},"modified":"2026-08-16T13:03:24","modified_gmt":"2026-08-16T11:03:24","slug":"macronuv-zakaz-socialnich-medii-byl-zrusen-ustavni-rada-zastavila-overovani-digitalniho-veku-pro-vsechny","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/17\/macronuv-zakaz-socialnich-medii-byl-zrusen-ustavni-rada-zastavila-overovani-digitalniho-veku-pro-vsechny\/","title":{"rendered":"Macron\u016fv z\u00e1kaz soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed byl zru\u0161en: \u00dastavn\u00ed rada zastavila ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bku pro v\u0161echny"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed rada zru\u0161ila z\u00e1kaz soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed pro osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 15 let, kter\u00fd zavedl Emmanuel Macron, a t\u00edm potvrdila mechanismus, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdm Report24 varuje ji\u017e m\u011bs\u00edce. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce d\u011btem zabr\u00e1nit v p\u0159\u00edstupu na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, mus\u00ed nevyhnuteln\u011b sledovat i dosp\u011bl\u00e9: ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel mus\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee je dostate\u010dn\u011b star\u00fd, ne\u017e mu bude ud\u011blen p\u0159\u00edstup do digit\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bta. Zat\u00edmco Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e nyn\u00ed hore\u010dn\u011b hled\u00e1 nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak stejn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz zav\u00e9st, Evropsk\u00e1 komise Ursuly von der Leyenov\u00e9 ji\u017e buduje nezbytnou infrastrukturu pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku, v\u010detn\u011b integrace s digit\u00e1ln\u00edmi pen\u011b\u017eenkami identity, pro celou Evropu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00fd parlament 21. \u010dervence schv\u00e1lil z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd byl Macron odhodl\u00e1n prosadit p\u0159ed prezidentsk\u00fdmi volbami v roce 2027. D\u011btem mlad\u0161\u00edm 15 let m\u011bl b\u00fdt od nov\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho roku zak\u00e1z\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edstup na soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia. Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed m\u011blo okam\u017eit\u011b vstoupit v platnost pro nov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty, zat\u00edmco st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty by musely b\u00fdt p\u0159ezkoum\u00e1ny do \u010dty\u0159 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f. Odli\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed Sen\u00e1tu s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi pravidly v z\u00e1vislosti na platform\u011b bylo v media\u010dn\u00edm procesu nahrazeno plo\u0161n\u00fdm z\u00e1kazem. Francie cht\u011bla b\u00fdt pr\u016fkopn\u00edkem \u2013 a tak\u00e9 vyv\u00edjet tlak na Brusel. O necel\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji bylo po v\u0161em, alespo\u0148 prozat\u00edm: 14. srpna Conseil constitutionnel, francouzsk\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed rada, prohl\u00e1sila \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>za proti\u00fastavn\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Plo\u0161n\u00fd z\u00e1kaz nep\u0159im\u011b\u0159en\u011b zasahoval do svobody komunikace. Legislativa byla p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u0161irok\u00e1, rozd\u00edly mezi v\u011bkov\u00fdmi skupinami a platformami nebyly dostate\u010dn\u011b zohledn\u011bny \u2013 a pak tu byla ta drobn\u00e1 vada, o kter\u00e9 se politici p\u0159i diskus\u00edch o sv\u00fdch velkolep\u00fdch pl\u00e1nech na \u201eochranu d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c rad\u011bji nezab\u00fdvaj\u00ed: Chcete-li kontrolovat nezletil\u00e9, mus\u00edte nejprve kontrolovat v\u0161echny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pades\u00e1tilet\u00fd hr\u00e1\u010d mus\u00ed dok\u00e1zat, \u017ee mu nen\u00ed \u010dtrn\u00e1ct<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u010ctrn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zablokov\u00e1n pouze tehdy, pokud platforma v\u00ed, \u017ee mu je \u010dtrn\u00e1ct. A ne\u017e se to dozv\u00ed, nev\u00ed, zda p\u0159ed obrazovkou sed\u00ed \u010dtrn\u00e1ctilet\u00fd, pades\u00e1tilet\u00fd nebo d\u016fchodce. V\u0161ichni tedy mus\u00ed proj\u00edt ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edm procesem. \u00dastavn\u00ed rada tuto souvislost uv\u00e1d\u00ed pozoruhodn\u011b jasn\u011b: z\u00e1kaz ze sv\u00e9 podstaty nut\u00ed \u201eka\u017ed\u00e9ho \u010dlov\u011bka, i dosp\u011bl\u00e9ho\u201c, aby p\u0159ed p\u0159\u00edstupem na platformu prok\u00e1zal sv\u016fj v\u011bk. Z\u00e1konod\u00e1rce z\u00e1rove\u0148 nedok\u00e1zal adekv\u00e1tn\u011b regulovat ani podm\u00ednky, ani limity tohoto ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Co m\u011blo b\u00fdt ochranou n\u011bkolika nezletil\u00fdch, se tak stalo z\u00e1konem na\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdm ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u011bku pro celou populaci. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se hrout\u00ed atraktivn\u00ed politick\u00e1 r\u00e9torika: politici mluv\u00ed o d\u011btech, ale technicky vzato jsou kontrolov\u00e1ni v\u0161ichni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Server Report24 ji\u017e tento\u00a0<\/span>mechanismus<\/span><\/a>\u00a0popsal v souvislosti s n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi pl\u00e1ny na z\u00e1kaz. SPD po\u017eaduje, aby platformy \u201etechnicky a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b br\u00e1nily\u201c p\u0159\u00edstupu osob\u00e1m mlad\u0161\u00edm 14 let. I kdy\u017e to zn\u00ed jako ochrana d\u011bt\u00ed, technicky to znamen\u00e1 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bku. A proto\u017ee i dosp\u011bl\u00ed mus\u00ed nejprve prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee nejsou d\u011btmi, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi s\u00edt\u011bmi digit\u00e1ln\u00ed bari\u00e9ra, kterou mus\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00fd u\u017eivatel proj\u00edt. Francouz\u0161t\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed soudci tento probl\u00e9m v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b neodm\u00edtli jako p\u0159ehnan\u00e9 varov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch paranoik\u016f ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. Macron\u016fv z\u00e1kon zru\u0161ili mimo jin\u00e9 i z tohoto d\u016fvodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e p\u0159edem p\u0159esn\u011b v\u011bd\u011bla, kde le\u017e\u00ed probl\u00e9m<\/span><\/h3>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b trapn\u00e9 to bylo pro Macrona a jeho spojence: to v\u0161e nebylo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdm p\u0159ekvapen\u00edm. V den kone\u010dn\u00e9ho hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed byl probl\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>odhalen p\u0159ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0francouzsk\u00fdm Sen\u00e1tem. Sen\u00e1torka Zelen\u00fdch Mathilde Ollivierov\u00e1 kritizovala z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd m\u011bl b\u00fdt protla\u010den pod tlakem prezidentsk\u00e9ho harmonogramu bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho posouzen\u00ed dopad\u016f. Zejm\u00e9na ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku z\u016fstalo nevy\u0159e\u0161eno. Kdo by byl za ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd? St\u00e1tn\u00ed org\u00e1ny nebo soukrom\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti? Jak\u00e9 \u00fadaje by byly shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1ny? Jak by byly chr\u00e1n\u011bny? Jak dlouho by byly uchov\u00e1v\u00e1ny? Ollivierov\u00e1 sv\u00fdm koleg\u016fm v\u00fdslovn\u011b p\u0159ipomn\u011bla, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o \u00fadaje milion\u016f Francouz\u016f a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed svobody.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sen\u00e1tor Laurent Lafon, st\u0159edopravicov\u00fd politik, si byl tak\u00e9 dob\u0159e v\u011bdom pr\u00e1vn\u00edho sudu s st\u0159eln\u00fdm prachem, na kter\u00e9m Parlament sed\u011bl. St\u00e1tn\u00ed rada (Conseil d’\u00c9tat) ji\u017e na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku varovala p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, \u017ee v\u0161eobecn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz by mohl poru\u0161it \u00fastavu kv\u016fli nedostatku proporcionality. Lafon toto riziko v\u00fdslovn\u011b popsal jako \u201evelmi re\u00e1ln\u00e9\u201c a z\u00e1rove\u0148 cht\u011bl v\u011bd\u011bt, jak\u00e9 z\u00e1ruky by zabr\u00e1nily soukrom\u00fdm poskytovatel\u016fm slu\u017eeb v hromadn\u00e9m shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed dat. Varov\u00e1n\u00ed by se sotva dalo formulovat jasn\u011bji. A francouzsk\u00e1 politika m\u011bla s takov\u00fdmi ne\u00fasp\u011bchy bohat\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti: S\u00e1m Lafon p\u0159ipomn\u011bl z\u00e1kon o leteck\u00e9 doprav\u011b proti tzv. nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm projev\u016fm, kter\u00fd \u00dastavn\u00ed rada v roce 2020 \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b zru\u0161ila, a Marcangeliho z\u00e1kon z roku 2023 o \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed vysp\u011blosti\u201c, kter\u00fd selhal kv\u016fli probl\u00e9m\u016fm s pr\u00e1vem EU. T\u0159et\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed, varoval, by v\u00fdrazn\u011b po\u0161kodilo d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost francouzsk\u00e9ho z\u00e1konod\u00e1rn\u00e9ho sboru. Pot\u00e9 jeho strana hlasovala pro. O t\u0159i t\u00fddny pozd\u011bji p\u0159i\u0161lo t\u0159et\u00ed selh\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je proto bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159estat to ozna\u010dovat za ne\u0161\u0165astn\u00e9 pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnut\u00ed. \u00dastavn\u00ed probl\u00e9my byly zn\u00e1my, ot\u00e1zky ochrany \u00fadaj\u016f byly zn\u00e1m\u00e9, ot\u00e1zka hromadn\u00e9ho sledov\u00e1n\u00ed byla zn\u00e1m\u00e1 \u2013 a p\u0159esto byl z\u00e1kon stejn\u011b schv\u00e1len.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dokonce i francouz\u0161t\u00ed komisa\u0159i pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f popsali nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed sv\u011bt sledov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

Situace se st\u00e1v\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b znepokojiv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e se pod\u00edv\u00e1me na francouzsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f, CNIL. Ji\u017e v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2024 popsal,\u00a0<\/span>kam<\/span><\/a>\u00a0by mohlo v\u00e9st st\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed takov\u00e9ho ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. Tehdy se pozornost soust\u0159edila na pornografick\u00e9 webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky. CNIL v\u0161ak v\u00fdslovn\u011b varovala p\u0159ed roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00edm t\u011bchto postup\u016f do dal\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed internetu. To by mohlo vytvo\u0159it \u201euzav\u0159en\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bt\u201c, ve kter\u00e9m by lid\u00e9 museli b\u00fdt neust\u00e1le p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161eni nebo prokazovat sv\u016fj v\u011bk. To p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dn\u00e1 rizika pro pr\u00e1va a svobody.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00da\u0159ad rovn\u011b\u017e pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k nov\u00e9mu shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f \u2013 u nezletil\u00fdch i dosp\u011bl\u00fdch. Potenci\u00e1ln\u011b se jedn\u00e1 i o biometrick\u00e9 metody. Jako datov\u011b efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed alternativu doporu\u010dila CNIL mimo jin\u00e9 opakovan\u011b pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku na vlastn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed nebo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity. A tady to m\u00e1me zase na cest\u011b k digit\u00e1ln\u00edm identifika\u010dn\u00edm identifik\u00e1tor\u016fm. Za\u010d\u00edn\u00e1 to zd\u00e1nliv\u011b \u00fazce definovanou v\u00fdjimkou: pornografie, ochrana ml\u00e1de\u017ee, nezletil\u00ed \u2013 oblasti, proti jejich\u017e regulaci se v politice sotva kdo chce otev\u0159en\u011b postavit. Pak se roz\u0161i\u0159uje stejn\u00e1 technick\u00e1 infrastruktura: od p\u0159\u00edstupu k pornografii k soci\u00e1ln\u00edm s\u00edt\u00edm, od nezletil\u00fdch ke v\u0161em u\u017eivatel\u016fm, od individu\u00e1ln\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed k celoevropsk\u00e9mu standardizovan\u00e9mu syst\u00e9mu. Francouz\u0161t\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f tento v\u00fdvoj ji\u017e v roce 2024 popsali jako nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u201euzav\u0159en\u00e9ho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bta\u201c. O dva roky pozd\u011bji se francouzsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da sna\u017e\u00ed uskute\u010dnit dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st tohoto sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ani \u201eochrana d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c nefunguje nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 dob\u0159e<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bc se st\u00e1v\u00e1 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b absurdn\u00ed, kdy\u017e se \u010dlov\u011bk zept\u00e1, \u010deho m\u00e1 tato gigantick\u00e1 kontroln\u00ed architektura vlastn\u011b dos\u00e1hnout. Server Report24 ji\u017e v b\u0159eznu\u00a0<\/span>informoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o souboru informac\u00ed vypracovan\u00fdch B\u00e1densko-W\u00fcrttembersk\u00fdm medi\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fa\u0159adem. I tam bylo uzn\u00e1no, \u017ee z\u00e1kaz soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b automaticky nevede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ochran\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed a ml\u00e1de\u017ee. Empirick\u00e9 d\u016fkazy jsou nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 z\u00e1v\u011bry o dopadech takov\u00fdch z\u00e1kaz\u016f z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti chyb\u00ed. Mezi zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi alternativami byl n\u00e1vrh platforem odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bku, medi\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnost a vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je expertn\u00ed panel Ursuly von der Leyen. Jeho z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va uzn\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed zku\u0161enosti s v\u011bkov\u00fdmi omezen\u00edmi ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee mnoho nezletil\u00fdch tyto bari\u00e9ry jednodu\u0161e obch\u00e1z\u00ed. Panel nicm\u00e9n\u011b doporu\u010duje harmonizovan\u00e9 omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu pro osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 13 let v cel\u00e9 EU, stejn\u011b jako mo\u017enost dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch omezen\u00ed pro star\u0161\u00ed teenagery. Vezm\u011bme si toto: ti, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou \u00fadajn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bni, si \u010dasto najdou zp\u016fsoby, jak omezen\u00ed obej\u00edt. Dosp\u011bl\u00ed na druhou stranu mus\u00ed prok\u00e1zat sv\u016fj v\u011bk, aby syst\u00e9m v\u016fbec fungoval. Z\u00e1kaz se tak ukazuje jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159i prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed kontroln\u00ed infrastruktury ne\u017e p\u0159i pln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9ho zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010delu ochrany.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto bod\u011b je jist\u011b f\u00e9r se pt\u00e1t, zda je \u201eochrana d\u011bt\u00ed\u201c skute\u010dn\u011b skute\u010dn\u00fdm politick\u00fdm \u00fa\u010delem tohoto v\u00fdvoje \u2013 nebo zda jsou d\u011bti a mlad\u00ed lid\u00e9 jen perfektn\u00ed vstupn\u00ed branou k n\u011b\u010demu, co by bylo podstatn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed prodat pod hlavi\u010dkou \u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly p\u0159\u00edstupu pro v\u0161echny\u201c. Koneckonc\u016f, kdo by mohl b\u00fdt proti ochran\u011b d\u011bt\u00ed? To je tak\u00e9 d\u016fvod, pro\u010d je projekt tot\u00e1ln\u00edho dohledu propagov\u00e1n s vyu\u017eit\u00edm tak emocion\u00e1ln\u011b nabit\u00e9ho t\u00e9matu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brusel ji\u017e buduje kontroln\u00ed infrastrukturu pro celou Evropu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Zat\u00edmco Macron\u016fv pokus o z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vlastn\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00ed rady v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei selhal, Evropsk\u00e1 komise Ursuly von der Leyenov\u00e9 ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>dlouho<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pracuje na evropsk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech. Dne 29. dubna Komise p\u0159ijala doporu\u010den\u00ed 2026\/1035 o spole\u010dn\u00e9m evropsk\u00e9m r\u00e1mci pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. Do konce roku 2026 maj\u00ed \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty poskytnout odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed a sladit se se spole\u010dn\u00fdm evropsk\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem. Syst\u00e9m m\u00e1 b\u00fdt interoperabiln\u00ed a fungovat v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, technick\u00e1 infrastruktura se ji\u017e buduje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brusel dosud nep\u0159ijal obecn\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 by vy\u017eadovalo, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan EU p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edstupu na Facebook, X nebo Instagram p\u0159edlo\u017eil doklad o v\u011bku. EU ani nemus\u00ed tento po\u017eadavek centr\u00e1ln\u011b zav\u00e1d\u011bt sama. Pokud vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed nebo evropsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony stanov\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 limity pro ur\u010dit\u00e9 slu\u017eby, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed postup pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto limit\u016f. A Brusel p\u0159esn\u011b tento postup poskytuje. St\u00e1t stanov\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00fd limit, platforma ho mus\u00ed vym\u00e1hat a u\u017eivatel mus\u00ed prok\u00e1zat, \u017ee tento limit p\u0159ekro\u010dil. Francouzsk\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed rada pr\u00e1v\u011b vysv\u011btlila nevyhnuteln\u00fd d\u016fsledek: monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u00fdk\u00e1 nejen d\u011bt\u00ed, ale v\u0161ech.<\/span><\/p>\n

To, co \u00fadajn\u011b m\u011blo b\u00fdt z\u00e1konem na ochranu ml\u00e1de\u017ee, se tak postupn\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed v syst\u00e9m digit\u00e1ln\u00ed kontroly p\u0159\u00edstupu pro celou populaci. Nejedn\u00e1 se o konspira\u010dn\u00ed teorii. Takhle syst\u00e9m technicky funguje.<\/span><\/p>\n

S t\u00edm je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b propojen i digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fkaz toto\u017enosti<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed znaj\u00ed EU, budou dal\u0161\u00edm krokem sotva p\u0159ekvapeni. Ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku bude \u00fazce integrov\u00e1no s Evropskou pen\u011b\u017eenkou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity (European Digital Identity Wallet). Komise v\u00fdslovn\u011b doporu\u010duje, aby \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty do konce roku 2026 poskytly \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku v souladu s normami EU \u2013 jako samostatnou aplikaci, p\u0159\u00edmo v r\u00e1mci Pen\u011b\u017eenky digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity nebo oboj\u00ed. N\u011bkolik zem\u00ed pl\u00e1nuje integrovat odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed funkci ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku do sv\u00fdch pen\u011b\u017eenek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b to tak\u00e9 zn\u00ed \u00fa\u017easn\u011b ne\u0161kodn\u011b. Platforma by v ide\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nem\u011bla dost\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, datum narozen\u00ed ani \u010d\u00edslo dokladu toto\u017enosti, ale nap\u0159\u00edklad pouze zpr\u00e1vu: Tento u\u017eivatel je star\u0161\u00ed 15 let. Brusel prosazuje minimalizaci dat, selektivn\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat, bezpe\u010dnost a soukrom\u00ed. Obvykl\u00fd dudl\u00edk, proto\u017ee odv\u00e1d\u00ed pozornost od kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky: Pro\u010d by m\u011bl dosp\u011bl\u00fd ob\u010dan muset digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu syst\u00e9mu dokazovat, \u017ee m\u00e1 v\u016fbec p\u0159\u00edstup k webov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce?<\/span><\/p>\n

Zda Facebook zn\u00e1 jm\u00e9no u\u017eivatele, nebo pouze obdr\u017e\u00ed st\u00e1tem schv\u00e1len\u00fd digit\u00e1ln\u00ed doklad \u201estar\u0161\u00ed 15 let: ano\u201c, nem\u011bn\u00ed princip. Mezi ob\u010dana a webovou str\u00e1nku je vlo\u017eena kontroln\u00ed instance. Ta rozhoduje, zda jsou spln\u011bny po\u017eadavky na p\u0159\u00edstup. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd doklad o v\u011bku, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup; \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd uzn\u00e1van\u00fd postup, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd doklad o v\u011bku. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenka identity m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ofici\u00e1ln\u011b dobrovoln\u00e1. Dobrovolnost v\u0161ak nab\u00fdv\u00e1 pozoruhodn\u011b jin\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu, jakmile st\u00e1t nebo jeho p\u0159edpisy vytvo\u0159\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce ka\u017edodenn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e nelze pou\u017e\u00edvat bez odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho digit\u00e1ln\u00edho ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed. Nikdo nemus\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenku pou\u017e\u00edvat. Jen u\u017e nebude m\u00edt p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161emu. Jak\u00e1 n\u00e1hoda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Von der Leyen tak\u00e9 uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nou v\u011bkovou hranici EU<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ursula von der Leyenov\u00e1, samozvan\u00e1 \u201eexpertka na cenzuru\u201c, nepracuje jen na technick\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e. Zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed panel pro bezpe\u010dnost d\u011bt\u00ed online, kter\u00fd jmenovala, p\u0159edstavil sv\u00e1 doporu\u010den\u00ed v \u010dervenci. Panel navrhuje harmonizovan\u00e9 omezen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupu k soci\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00e9di\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m v cel\u00e9 EU pro d\u011bti mlad\u0161\u00ed 13 let. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by tak\u00e9 mohly zav\u00e9st dal\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed pro star\u0161\u00ed teenagery. Panel z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyz\u00fdv\u00e1 k zaveden\u00ed \u201e\u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch\u201c syst\u00e9m\u016f ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. Komise hodl\u00e1 po letn\u00ed p\u0159est\u00e1vce p\u0159edlo\u017eit sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy zalo\u017een\u00e9 na zpr\u00e1v\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stoj\u00ed za to se pod\u00edvat na tuto posloupnost ud\u00e1lost\u00ed: Brusel zav\u00e1d\u00ed celoevropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m digit\u00e1ln\u00edho ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. Von der Leyenov\u00e1 jmenuje panel expert\u016f. Tento panel doporu\u010duje celoevropsk\u00e9 v\u011bkov\u00e9 limity. K prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto limit\u016f jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed \u201e\u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1\u201c opat\u0159en\u00ed k ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. A shodou okolnost\u00ed ji\u017e existuje celoevropsk\u00e1 kompatibiln\u00ed infrastruktura, kterou lze propojit s pen\u011b\u017eenkou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity. Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b se to v\u0161echno t\u00fdk\u00e1 d\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francie by m\u011bla uk\u00e1zat Bruselu cestu<\/span><\/h3>\n

Z jedn\u00e1n\u00ed ani nen\u00ed patrn\u00e9, \u017ee Macronova francouzsk\u00e1 iniciativa a pl\u00e1ny Ursuly von der Leyenov\u00e9 ohledn\u011b EU spolu souvis\u00ed. Ve francouzsk\u00e9m Sen\u00e1tu to bylo otev\u0159en\u011b prohl\u00e1\u0161eno. Laurent Lafon 21. \u010dervence prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee si v\u0161ichni uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee francouzsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon bude pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b pouze do\u010dasn\u00fd, proto\u017ee Evropsk\u00e1 unie z vlastn\u00ed iniciativy Ursuly von der Leyenov\u00e9 pracuje na na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro v\u0161echny \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty. Francouzsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon m\u011bl slou\u017eit jako \u201eaiguillon\u201c, tedy pob\u00eddka, kter\u00e1 by pomohla Evropsk\u00e9 komisi postupovat rychleji.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e se cht\u011bla pilotn\u00edho projektu ujmout. Francie m\u011bla uk\u00e1zat, jak lze v\u011bkovou hranici pr\u00e1vn\u011b vym\u00e1hat, zat\u00edmco Brusel vyv\u00edjel technick\u00fd syst\u00e9m pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto limit\u016f v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b. Nyn\u00ed Francie ne\u00famysln\u011b uk\u00e1zala n\u011bco \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e9ho: ot\u00e1zka z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v se neskr\u00fdv\u00e1 na okraji tohoto konstruktu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e v jeho samotn\u00e9m j\u00e1dru. Z\u00e1kaz soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed pro nezletil\u00e9 nezletil\u00e9 nez\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jen u nezletil\u00fdch. Jakmile chce st\u00e1t regulovat p\u0159\u00edstup na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u011bku, pot\u0159ebuje kontroln\u00ed bod u digit\u00e1ln\u00ed br\u00e1ny \u2013 a ka\u017ed\u00fd tam mus\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit doklad o v\u011bku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Proti\u00fastavn\u00ed? Pak prost\u011b postav\u00edme verzi dva<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nejodhaluj\u00edc\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st cel\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu p\u0159i\u0161la jen n\u011bkolik hodin po vynesen\u00ed rozsudku. Francouzsk\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed rada pr\u00e1v\u011b zru\u0161ila Macron\u016fv st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed projekt. Rizika byla zn\u00e1ma p\u0159edem; Conseil d’\u00c9tat varovala, sen\u00e1to\u0159i varovali, monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed milion\u016f dosp\u011bl\u00fdch bylo v\u00fdslovn\u011b \u0159e\u0161eno v parlamentu a francouzsk\u00fd \u00fa\u0159ad pro ochranu osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f varoval p\u0159ed lety p\u0159ed \u201euzav\u0159en\u00fdm digit\u00e1ln\u00edm sv\u011btem\u201c trval\u00e9ho ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku a identity. Nyn\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed org\u00e1n Francie p\u0159esn\u011b tyto obavy potvrdil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Reakce Elysejsk\u00e9ho pal\u00e1ce?<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Premi\u00e9r S\u00e9bastien Lecornu m\u00e1 co nejrychleji vypracovat novou, tentokr\u00e1t \u201epr\u00e1vn\u011b robustn\u00ed\u201c verzi. Text m\u00e1 zohlednit rozhodnut\u00ed \u00dastavn\u00ed rady a z\u00e1rove\u0148 b\u00fdt v souladu s evropsk\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm r\u00e1mcem. Macronovo odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed prosadit reformu do jara 2027 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u201etot\u00e1ln\u00ed\u201c. \u010clov\u011bk se mus\u00ed pt\u00e1t, jak\u00e9 ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00edch limit\u016f se ve francouzsk\u00e9m prezidentsk\u00e9m pal\u00e1ci skute\u010dn\u011b p\u011bstuje. \u00dastava stanov\u00ed limit pro politickou my\u0161lenku \u2013 a pro Macrona to z\u0159ejm\u011b prim\u00e1rn\u011b vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed \u00fakol rekonstruovat tut\u00e9\u017e my\u0161lenku tak, aby se p\u0159i p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm pokusu t\u00edmto limitem prosadila.<\/span><\/p>\n

Elysejsk\u00fd pal\u00e1c ve sv\u00e9 reakci nezm\u00ednil alternativy k z\u00e1kazu. Neexistoval \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd komplexn\u00ed program medi\u00e1ln\u00ed gramotnosti, \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rodi\u010dovsk\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f ani \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed \u00fastavn\u00ed v\u00fdtky. Sm\u011brnice byla jasn\u00e1: nov\u00fd z\u00e1kon, robustn\u011bji formulovan\u00fd z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska a p\u0159ipraven\u00fd p\u0159ed volbami. To siln\u011b nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ochrana d\u011bt\u00ed ji\u017e nen\u00ed rozhoduj\u00edc\u00edm faktorem. Pokud i \u00fa\u0159ady pochybuj\u00ed o \u00fa\u010dinnosti plo\u0161n\u00fdch z\u00e1kaz\u016f, pokud je nezletil\u00ed \u010dasto mohou obej\u00edt a pokud je skute\u010dn\u00fdm v\u00fdsledkem infrastruktura pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9ho ob\u010dana, pak by vl\u00e1da se skute\u010dn\u00fdm z\u00e1jmem o ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed m\u011bla alespo\u0148 diskutovat o \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch alternativ\u00e1ch. Macron to ned\u011bl\u00e1. Von der Leyenov\u00e1 to ned\u011bl\u00e1. M\u00edsto toho se postupn\u011b prol\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u011bkov\u00e9 limity, ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed identity.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francouzsk\u00e1 \u00fastavn\u00ed rada zru\u0161ila z\u00e1kaz soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed pro osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 15 let, kter\u00fd zavedl Emmanuel…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":113372,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[307,11156,335],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113371"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=113371"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/113371\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/113372"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=113371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=113371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=113371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}