{"id":112889,"date":"2026-08-11T00:18:14","date_gmt":"2026-08-10T22:18:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=112889"},"modified":"2026-08-10T12:42:04","modified_gmt":"2026-08-10T10:42:04","slug":"gatesova-nadace-poprve-financuje-vytvoreni-16-syntetickych-viru-s-vyuzitim-umele-inteligence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/11\/gatesova-nadace-poprve-financuje-vytvoreni-16-syntetickych-viru-s-vyuzitim-umele-inteligence\/","title":{"rendered":"Gatesova nadace poprv\u00e9 financuje vytvo\u0159en\u00ed 16 syntetick\u00fdch vir\u016f s vyu\u017eit\u00edm um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Hranice mezi digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdstupem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a funk\u010dn\u00edm biologick\u00fdm patogenem byla nyn\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dena.<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bdci poprv\u00e9 v historii pou\u017eili um\u011blou inteligenci k n\u00e1vrhu kompletn\u00edch virov\u00fdch genom\u016f, kter\u00e9\u00a0byly n\u00e1sledn\u011b fyzicky syntetizov\u00e1ny a transformov\u00e1ny do\u00a0<\/span>16 nov\u00fdch funk\u010dn\u00edch, replikuj\u00edc\u00edch se vir\u016f . Pr\u00e1ce byla\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>publikov\u00e1na v \u010dasopise\u00a0<\/a><\/span>Science<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, jednom z nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f na sv\u011bt\u011b\u00a0. Znepokojiv\u00e9 je, \u017ee hlavn\u00ed autor studie, Brian L. Hie, kter\u00fd v\u00fdzkum navrhl, vyvinul a vedl, zve\u0159ejnil financov\u00e1n\u00ed od Nadace Gates\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejednalo se o po\u010d\u00edta\u010dovou simulaci. V\u011bdci vygenerovali stovky virov\u00fdch genom\u016f navr\u017een\u00fdch um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed, nechali fyzicky syntetizovat DNA, sestavili genomy, vlo\u017eili je do citliv\u00fdch bakteri\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>E. coli<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a z\u00edskali\u00a0<\/span>16 funk\u010dn\u00edch bakteriof\u00e1g\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 se \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b replikovaly. Viry infikovaly bakterie, potla\u010dily jejich r\u016fst, produkovaly potomstvo a byly kultivov\u00e1ny do funk\u010dn\u00edch virov\u00fdch kmen\u016f. Tato studie p\u0159edstavuje prvn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>generativn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj kompletn\u00edch genom\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 byly syntetizov\u00e1ny a experiment\u00e1ln\u011b prok\u00e1z\u00e1ny jako \u017eivotaschopn\u00e9 viry.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci pou\u017eili\u00a0<\/span>Evo 1<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Evo 2<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, genomick\u00e9 modely velk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f, kter\u00e9 v podstat\u011b funguj\u00ed jako modely velk\u00fdch jazyk\u016f (LLM) pro DNA. M\u00edsto predikce dal\u0161\u00edho slova ve v\u011bt\u011b p\u0159edpov\u00eddaj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed nukleotid \u2013 A, C, G nebo T. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, v\u011bdci nyn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed stejn\u00fd z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, kter\u00fd poh\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9my jako ChatGPT k psan\u00ed kompletn\u00edch genetick\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u016f pro viry. Tyto digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sekvence pak lze p\u0159elo\u017eit do fyzick\u00e9 DNA a nakonec do funk\u010dn\u00edch biologick\u00fdch jednotek.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00e9 viry nebyly pouh\u00fdmi kopiemi zn\u00e1m\u00e9ho f\u00e1ga. Genomy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b navr\u017een\u00e9 um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed obsahovaly\u00a0<\/span>67 a\u017e 392 nukleotidov\u00fdch zm\u011bn ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s jejich nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edmi zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi p\u0159irozen\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>13<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0z nich vykazovalo mutace, kter\u00e9 nebylo mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikovat v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 p\u0159irozen\u00e9 sekvenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed viry byly\u00a0<\/span>bakteriof\u00e1gy<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 infikuj\u00ed bakterie, nikoli lidi. Lidsk\u00e9 viry byly nav\u00edc z relevantn\u00edch tr\u00e9novac\u00edch dat vylou\u010deny. To v\u0161ak neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed schopnost je ne\u0161kodn\u00e1. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd precedent spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee model um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence dok\u00e1\u017ee generovat kompletn\u00ed virov\u00fd genom, \u017ee tento genom lze komer\u010dn\u011b syntetizovat a \u017ee v\u00fdsledn\u00fd genetick\u00fd materi\u00e1l m\u016f\u017ee produkovat replikuj\u00edc\u00ed se virus.\u00a0<\/span>Hranice mezi digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdstupem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a funk\u010dn\u00edm biologick\u00fdm patogenem tak byla p\u0159ekro\u010dena.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Financov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavn\u00edho v\u011bdce tohoto projektu Nadac\u00ed Gatesov\u00fdch vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 zna\u010dn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, jeliko\u017e nadace d\u0159\u00edve\u00a0financovala i\u00a0<\/span>permanentn\u00ed n\u00e1plasti s mikrojehlami a kvantov\u00fdmi te\u010dkami , kter\u00e9 m\u011bly slou\u017eit jako technologie biologick\u00e9ho o\u010dkovac\u00edho pasu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nadace Gates\u016f\u00a0ji\u017e\u00a0poskytla\u00a09,5 milionu dolar\u016f\u00a0<\/strong><\/span>Univerzit\u011b Wisconsin-Madison<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0a hlavn\u00edmu v\u00fdzkumn\u00edkovi\u00a0<\/span>Yoshihirovi Kawaokovi\u00a0<\/span><\/strong>na modifikaci vir\u016f H5N1 tak, aby p\u0159ednostn\u011b rozpozn\u00e1valy lidsk\u00e9 receptory a efektivn\u011b se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ely na savce<\/strong>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Bioterorist\u00e9 si u\u017e nemus\u00ed p\u0159edstavovat budoucnost, v n\u00ed\u017e um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence dok\u00e1\u017ee navrhovat patogeny na z\u00e1klad\u011b genetick\u00fdch k\u00f3d\u016f \u2013 tato z\u00e1kladn\u00ed schopnost byla nyn\u00ed publikov\u00e1na v jednom z nejpresti\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch \u010dasopis\u016f.\u00a0<\/span>Technologie pro v\u00fdvoj virov\u00e9ho genomu s pomoc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence by m\u011bla b\u00fdt zastavena d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se dostane do rukou bioterorist\u016f nebo jin\u00fdch zlo\u010dinc\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Nicolas Hulscher, MPH<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Epidemiolog a spr\u00e1vce Nadace McCullough<\/span><\/p>\n

Podpo\u0159te na\u0161i misi: mcculloughfnd.org<\/span><\/p>\n

Sledujte jak\u00a0<\/span>McCulloughovu nadaci<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, tak i m\u016fj osobn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det na\u00a0<\/span>X<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0(d\u0159\u00edve Twitter) pro v\u00edce obsahu.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hranice mezi digit\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdstupem um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a funk\u010dn\u00edm biologick\u00fdm patogenem byla nyn\u00ed p\u0159ekro\u010dena. V\u011bdci poprv\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":112890,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[3101,511,1766,579],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112889"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112889"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112889\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112890"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112889"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112889"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112889"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}