{"id":112565,"date":"2026-08-07T00:17:26","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T22:17:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=112565"},"modified":"2026-08-06T12:22:02","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T10:22:02","slug":"jak-pomoc-gatesovy-nadace-v-africe-spustila-masivni-katastrofu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/07\/jak-pomoc-gatesovy-nadace-v-africe-spustila-masivni-katastrofu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jak \u201epomoc\u201c Gatesovy nadace v Africe spustila masivn\u00ed katastrofu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokus Nadace Billa a Melindy Gatesov\u00fdch o boj s mal\u00e1ri\u00ed v Africe distribuc\u00ed moskyti\u00e9r spustil podle biologa Forresta Galanteho jednu z nejz\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edch ekologick\u00fdch katastrof v regionu. V\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EvnLN8WETlM\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=EvnLN8WETlM\"><span dir=\"auto\">podcastu Joea Rogana<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Galante \u017eiv\u011b popsal, co se podle n\u011bj pokazilo v delt\u011b Cahora Bassa \u2013 srdci \u00fadol\u00ed Zambezi a jedn\u00e9 z oblast\u00ed s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdskytem ryb ve sladk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Dob\u0159e m\u00edn\u011bn\u00fd pl\u00e1n s ni\u010div\u00fdmi n\u00e1sledky<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V r\u00e1mci rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 kampan\u011b rozdala Gatesova nadace miliony moskyti\u00e9r obyvatelstvu v Africe, aby omezila \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mal\u00e1rie. Na pap\u00ed\u0159e byl projekt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bch. V praxi se v\u0161ak odhalila \u00fapln\u011b jin\u00e1 realita.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jak uv\u00e1d\u00ed Galante, mnoho vesnick\u00fdch komunit v okol\u00ed delty Cahora Bassa nepou\u017e\u00edvalo s\u00edt\u011b k ochran\u011b p\u0159ed kom\u00e1ry, ale k rybolovu. To, co se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku jevilo jako pragmatick\u00e9 rozhodnut\u00ed zrozen\u00e9 z nutnosti, se vyvinulo v obrovsk\u00fd ekologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X Post\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=2082175056315359485&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Funcutnews.ch%2Fwie-die-hilfe-der-gates-stiftung-in-afrika-eine-gewaltige-katastrophe-ausloeste%2F&amp;sessionId=94ad89a50bc008289ba599d0ef67dda12606bf8b&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"2082175056315359485\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pro\u010d se s\u00edt\u011b proti kom\u00e1r\u016fm st\u00e1vaj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm pro ryb\u00ed populace<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Moskyti\u00e9ry maj\u00ed extr\u00e9mn\u011b jemnou s\u00ed\u0165, kter\u00e1 zadr\u017e\u00ed i ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed kom\u00e1ry. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato vlastnost z nich ale d\u011bl\u00e1 i vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. Chytaj\u00ed nejen dosp\u011bl\u00e9 kom\u00e1ry, ale i mlad\u00e9 ryby a larvy ryb.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Delta \u0159eky Cahora Bassa je jedn\u00edm z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch trdli\u0161t\u011b v \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed soustav\u011b Zambezi \u2013 l\u00edhn\u00ed mnoha druh\u016f ryb, kter\u00e9 pozd\u011bji os\u00eddl\u00ed cel\u00fd \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m a poskytuj\u00ed potravu milion\u016fm lid\u00ed. Pokud se zde ulov\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed mlad\u00fdch ryb d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se stihnou rozmno\u017eit, populace se dlouhodob\u011b zhrout\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Mal\u00e1rie nebyla pro mnoh\u00e9 nejpal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Galante tak\u00e9 poukazuje na aspekt, kter\u00fd je podle n\u011bj v z\u00e1padn\u00edch debat\u00e1ch \u010dasto p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een: m\u00edstn\u00ed komunity ji\u017e m\u011bly sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed strategie pro kontrolu mal\u00e1rie. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159ilo kou\u0159, po\u017e\u00e1ry v dom\u00e1cnostech a chov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1van\u00e9 z generace na generaci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A\u010dkoli je mal\u00e1rie vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 riziko, nen\u00ed nejpal\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem v ka\u017edodenn\u00edm \u017eivot\u011b mnoha lid\u00ed. Hlad m\u00e1 \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritu. Tento probl\u00e9m se ve skute\u010dnosti zhor\u0161uje zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm moskyti\u00e9r, proto\u017ee ni\u010d\u00ed dlouhodob\u00e9 z\u00e1soby potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kritika z\u00e1padn\u00edho modelu filantropie<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pro Galanteho v\u0161ak skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m le\u017e\u00ed hloub\u011bji. Kritizuje formu z\u00e1padn\u00ed rozvojov\u00e9 pomoci, v n\u00ed\u017e se \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed navrhuj\u00ed v konferen\u010dn\u00edch m\u00edstnostech \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad v Seattlu nebo Davosu \u2013 bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho zohledn\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed reality dot\u010den\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo d\u00e1v\u00e1 moskyti\u00e9ry lidem, jejich\u017e nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed starost\u00ed je ka\u017edodenn\u00ed hlad, mus\u00ed po\u010d\u00edtat s t\u00edm, \u017ee tyto s\u00edt\u011b budou pou\u017eity jako ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9. Z pohledu m\u00edstn\u00edho obyvatelstva je to racion\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed k zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jejich okam\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Podle Galanteho se nejedn\u00e1 o ojedin\u011bl\u00fd incident. Tento vzorec lze sp\u00ed\u0161e pozorovat u mnoha z\u00e1padn\u00edch projekt\u016f v Africe. A\u0165 u\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, o\u010dkovac\u00ed programy nebo infrastrukturn\u00ed projekty \u2013 m\u00edstn\u00ed znalosti a st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed struktury jsou opakovan\u011b nahrazov\u00e1ny vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi koncepty. D\u016fsledky nakonec nesou m\u00edstn\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Probl\u00e9m je v\u011bdecky zdokumentov\u00e1n<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Galanteho popis nen\u00ed zalo\u017een pouze na osobn\u00edch pozorov\u00e1n\u00edch. V\u011bdeck\u00e9 studie ji\u017e l\u00e9ta potvrzuj\u00ed, \u017ee pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed moskyti\u00e9r jako ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch s\u00edt\u00ed v africk\u00fdch vnitrozemsk\u00fdch vod\u00e1ch p\u0159edstavuje rostouc\u00ed ekologick\u00fd probl\u00e9m.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Studie v \u010dasopise\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">PLOS One<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a zpr\u00e1vy Organizace OSN pro v\u00fd\u017eivu a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed (FAO) dokumentuj\u00ed, \u017ee tyto s\u00edt\u011b chytaj\u00ed ryby bez rozd\u00edlu, po\u0161kozuj\u00ed vodn\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9my a ohro\u017euj\u00ed potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost mnoha komunit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">WWF ve zpr\u00e1v\u00e1ch o povod\u00ed Zambezi tak\u00e9 varovala p\u0159ed \u00fabytkem sladkovodn\u00edch ryb\u00edch populac\u00ed a rostouc\u00edm tlakem na tyto k\u0159ehk\u00e9 ekosyst\u00e9my. Galanteho prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed jsou tak v souladu s probl\u00e9my, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci a mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed organizace popisuj\u00ed ji\u017e l\u00e9ta.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Programy budou pokra\u010dovat<\/span><\/h2>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Galante je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kritick\u00fd v\u016f\u010di skute\u010dnosti, \u017ee distribuce moskyti\u00e9r pokra\u010duje i p\u0159es tento dob\u0159e zn\u00e1m\u00fd probl\u00e9m. Popisuje, jak lid\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00ed a okam\u017eit\u011b jdou k vod\u011b, aby je pou\u017eili k rybolovu. Podle jeho pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed se s\u00edt\u011b \u010dasto ani nedostanou k dom\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Programy by nicm\u00e9n\u011b pokra\u010dovaly beze zm\u011bny. Tiskov\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy by i nad\u00e1le vychvalovaly miliony distribuovan\u00fdch moskyti\u00e9r jako \u00fasp\u011bch, zat\u00edmco d\u00e1rci by interpretovali vysok\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla o distribuci jako d\u016fkaz \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 rozvojov\u00e9 pomoci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z Galanteho pohledu tento p\u0159\u00edpad ilustruje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed probl\u00e9m modern\u00ed filantropie: M\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 ukazatele \u2013 jako je po\u010det distribuovan\u00fdch moskyti\u00e9r nebo v\u00fd\u0161e vynalo\u017een\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f \u2013 jsou \u010dasto ztoto\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1ny se skute\u010dn\u00fdm dopadem. Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed negativn\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro ekosyst\u00e9my a potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost se na druhou stranu v t\u011bchto \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bz\u00edch jen st\u011b\u017e\u00ed nebo v\u016fbec neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokus Nadace Billa a Melindy Gatesov\u00fdch o boj s mal\u00e1ri\u00ed v Africe distribuc\u00ed moskyti\u00e9r spustil&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":109530,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,511,2788,1766,651],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112565"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112565"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112565\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109530"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112565"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112565"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112565"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}