{"id":112545,"date":"2026-08-06T06:37:13","date_gmt":"2026-08-06T04:37:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=112545"},"modified":"2026-08-06T07:25:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-06T05:25:26","slug":"vyroci-hirosimy-a-nagasaki-jaky-je-dnes-jaderny-stav-sveta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/06\/vyroci-hirosimy-a-nagasaki-jaky-je-dnes-jaderny-stav-sveta\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed Hiro\u0161imy a Nagasaki: Jak\u00fd je dnes jadern\u00fd stav sv\u011bta?"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Novin\u00e1\u0159i se pono\u0159uj\u00ed do tajn\u00fdch arzen\u00e1l\u016f st\u00e1t\u016f s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed prvn\u00edho a jedin\u00e9ho pou\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00e9 bomby USA<\/h3>\n

Sv\u011bt si p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 81. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed jadern\u00fdch bombov\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki, kter\u00e9 byly provedeny v posledn\u00edch dnech druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Americk\u00e9 \u00fatoky, proveden\u00e9 6. a 9. srpna 1945, zabily odhadem 150 000 a\u017e 246 000 lid\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b bezprost\u0159edn\u00edch ob\u011bt\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpn\u00fdch v\u00fdbuch\u016f a t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed do konce roku podlehli zran\u011bn\u00edm a nemoci z oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Ob\u011b\u0165mi \u00fatoku, kter\u00fd srovnal ob\u011b m\u011bsta se zem\u00ed, byli p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b civilist\u00e9 a bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed dodnes p\u0159edstavuje prvn\u00ed a jedin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad pou\u017eit\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed v ozbrojen\u00e9m konfliktu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto \u00fatoky jsou st\u00e1le velmi kontroverzn\u00edm t\u00e9matem a nikdy nebylo dosa\u017eeno shody na jejich skute\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fa\u010delu, mor\u00e1lce ani z\u00e1konnosti. Podle proamerick\u00fdch badatel\u016f \u00fatok p\u0159im\u011bl Japonsko ke kapitulaci a pomohl zabr\u00e1nit operaci Downfall, pl\u00e1novan\u00e9mu oboj\u017eiveln\u00e9mu \u00fatoku na srdce zem\u011b, kter\u00fd by si vy\u017e\u00e1dal statis\u00edce ob\u011bt\u00ed na obou stran\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritici se v\u0161ak domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee jadern\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo nadm\u011brn\u00e9 a neslou\u017eilo v\u016fbec \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9mu vojensk\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd zlo\u010din a nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed teroristick\u00fd \u00fatok v historii. Podle t\u011bchto badatel\u016f bylo Japonsko ji\u017e na pokraji kolapsu kv\u016fli dlouhodob\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed blok\u00e1d\u011b a konven\u010dn\u00edmu bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jeho kapitulaci podn\u00edtil vstup SSSR do v\u00e1lky 8. srpna, nikoli \u00fatoky na Hiro\u0161imu a Nagasaki.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fdm c\u00edlem jadern\u00e9ho \u00fatoku bylo otestovat nov\u00e9 zbran\u011b na boji\u0161ti a tak\u00e9 zastra\u0161it Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz. Nav\u00edc okam\u017eit\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 Hiro\u0161imou a Nagasaki byly srovnateln\u00e9 s t\u011bmi, kter\u00e9 zp\u016fsobilo nechvaln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed Tokia a jeho okol\u00ed v b\u0159eznu 1945, kter\u00e9 Japonsko navzdory rozsahu ni\u010den\u00ed nedonutilo ke kapitulaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee jadern\u00e9 mocnosti po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v sou\u010dasnosti nashrom\u00e1\u017edily v\u00edce ne\u017e 12 000 jadern\u00fdch hlavic r\u016fzn\u00fdch typ\u016f. Toto \u010d\u00edslo je drasticky ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s vrcholem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, kdy bylo k dispozici odhadem 70 000 jadern\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v dr\u017een\u00ed SSSR a USA. Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fd arzen\u00e1l je st\u00e1le pova\u017eov\u00e1n za v\u00edce ne\u017e dostate\u010dn\u00fd k zni\u010den\u00ed lidstva.<\/span><\/p>\n

U p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti ponur\u00e9ho v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed se RT zab\u00fdv\u00e1 stavem modern\u00edch jadern\u00fdch arzen\u00e1l\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA a Rusko<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Rusko, celkem t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 10 500 hlavic. Podle Federace americk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f (FAS) se odhaduje, \u017ee USA maj\u00ed v provozu p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 3 700 hlavic a Rusko 4 400. D\u00e1le se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee oba n\u00e1rody vlastn\u00ed p\u0159es 1 000 vy\u0159azen\u00fdch hlavic, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e tato star\u0161\u00ed munice je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b v r\u016fzn\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch demont\u00e1\u017ee a recyklace.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Ruiny Hiro\u0161imy v Japonsku po atomov\u00e9m bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed. \u00a9 Getty Images \/ UIG \/ Universal History Archive
\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Navzdory v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed nomin\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1sob\u011b jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Rusko dr\u017e\u00ed, se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee Moskva a Washington si udr\u017euj\u00ed paritu, pokud jde o rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 hlavice, s t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 800 rusk\u00fdmi kusy munice oproti t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1 700 americk\u00fdm. Rusko i USA disponuj\u00ed jadernou tri\u00e1dou, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee maj\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed, leteck\u00e9 a pozemn\u00ed nosi\u010de hlavic.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A\u010dkoli je Peking zast\u00edn\u011bn USA a Ruskem, udr\u017euje si t\u0159et\u00ed m\u00edsto s jadern\u00fdm arzen\u00e1lem odhadovan\u00fdm na zhruba 620 hlavic. V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ve skladu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pouze asi 34 jich je nasazeno k okam\u017eit\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed. \u010c\u00edna tak\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed jadernou tri\u00e1du a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee pracuje na dal\u0161\u00edm pos\u00edlen\u00ed sv\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed a leteck\u00e9 slo\u017eky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropa<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Francie a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedin\u00fdmi dv\u011bma n\u00e1rody v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed vlastn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b. Francouzsk\u00fd arzen\u00e1l se odhaduje na 370 hlavic, v\u010detn\u011b 80 vy\u0159azen\u00fdch bomb. Zbran\u011b jsou rozm\u00edst\u011bny prim\u00e1rn\u011b na raket\u00e1ch odpalovan\u00fdch z ponorek a mal\u00fd po\u010det je tak\u00e9 nesou letadla.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee Brit\u00e1nie m\u00e1 na sv\u00fdch ponork\u00e1ch rozm\u00edst\u011bno p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 120 hlavic a dal\u0161\u00edch 100 jich m\u00e1 v z\u00e1sob\u00e1ch. Stav lond\u00fdnsk\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu je v\u0161ak v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b p\u0159edm\u011btem debat vzhledem k opakovan\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>\u00fanik\u016fm<\/span><\/a>\u00a0radioaktivn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f ze skladovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, co\u017e by mohlo signalizovat rozklad a nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 skladov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavic.<\/span><\/p>\n

Belgie, N\u011bmecko, It\u00e1lie, Nizozemsko a Turecko hostily americk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, konkr\u00e9tn\u011b termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed bomby B61 s voln\u00fdm p\u00e1dem. Finsko ned\u00e1vno zru\u0161ilo sv\u016fj z\u00e1kaz jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed \u2013 nyn\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uje jejich dovoz, v\u00fdrobu, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed, zat\u00edmco n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed o tomt\u00e9\u017e uva\u017euje. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd spojenec Moskvy, B\u011blorusko, host\u00ed rusk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b od roku 2023.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Indie a P\u00e1kist\u00e1n<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u00fahlavn\u00ed rivalov\u00e9 v jihoasii vlastn\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 190, respektive 170 hlavic. Oba n\u00e1rody se v posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00edch opakovan\u011b \u00fa\u010dastnily ozbrojen\u00fdch konflikt\u016f a udr\u017eovaly si funk\u010dn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 tri\u00e1dy. Dosud se jim v\u0161ak poda\u0159ilo vyhnout se vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed zbran\u00ed hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od v\u0161ech d\u0159\u00edve zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch jadern\u011b vyzbrojen\u00fdch zem\u00ed m\u00e1 Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1d ve sv\u00e9m invent\u00e1\u0159i pouze \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9 bomby, nikoli podstatn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed termonukle\u00e1rn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejasn\u00e9, zda Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed takov\u00e9 zbran\u011b m\u00e1, \u010di nikoli. Indie \u00fadajn\u011b ti\u0161e p\u0159esunula sv\u016fj arzen\u00e1l do vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed pohotovosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed Stockholmsk\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho institutu pro v\u00fdzkum m\u00edru (SIPRI)\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>ukazuje,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee Indie m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed 12 hlavic opera\u010dn\u011b rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch, nikoli uskladn\u011bn\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Severn\u00ed Korea<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Pchjongjang z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstkem do jadern\u00e9ho klubu, sv\u00e9 prvn\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed otestoval v polovin\u011b prvn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee zem\u011b vlastn\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 60 hlavic, kter\u00e9 jsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010deny pro mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 rakety a rakety st\u0159edn\u00edho a st\u0159edn\u00edho doletu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

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Zni\u010den\u00e9 m\u011bsto Nagasaki po americk\u00e9m atomov\u00e9m bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed 9. srpna 1945. \u00a9 Getty Images \/ MPI
\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

Severn\u00ed Korea pracuje na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed dostupn\u00fdch metod doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed a umis\u0165uje je i na n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed plavidla. St\u00e1le se v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee zemi chyb\u00ed leteck\u00e1 slo\u017eka a plnohodnotn\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 tri\u00e1da.<\/span><\/p>\n

Izrael<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Podle odhad\u016f SIPRI m\u00e1 Izrael \u00fadajn\u011b k dispozici 80 a\u017e 90 jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b zhruba 30 bomb a 50 hlavic balistick\u00fdch raket. A\u010dkoli je zem\u011b obvi\u0148ov\u00e1na z uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed ji\u017e po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, nikdy ve\u0159ejn\u011b nepotvrdila ani nevyvr\u00e1tila jejich existenci a m\u00edsto toho opakovala v\u00e1gn\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u201eIzrael nebude prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b dod\u00e1\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Nepolapiteln\u00fd izraelsk\u00fd arzen\u00e1l se poprv\u00e9 dostal do m\u00e9di\u00ed po odhalen\u00edch b\u00fdval\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho v\u011bdce a m\u00edrov\u00e9ho aktivisty Mordechaie Vanunua v roce 1986. Vanunu byl kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9 unesen Mossadem a odsouzen k 18 let\u016fm v\u011bzen\u00ed za \u0161pion\u00e1\u017e a velezradu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jeho odsouzen\u00ed jen upevnilo p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee Izrael vlastn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Novin\u00e1\u0159i se pono\u0159uj\u00ed do tajn\u00fdch arzen\u00e1l\u016f st\u00e1t\u016f s jadern\u00fdmi zbran\u011bmi p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed prvn\u00edho a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":112546,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1007,1069,9614],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112545"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112545"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112545\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/112546"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112545"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112545"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112545"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}