{"id":112417,"date":"2026-08-05T00:25:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-04T22:25:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=112417"},"modified":"2026-08-04T08:42:14","modified_gmt":"2026-08-04T06:42:14","slug":"o-ceske-jaderne-energetice-2026","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/08\/05\/o-ceske-jaderne-energetice-2026\/","title":{"rendered":"O \u010desk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 energetice 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 tzv. znovuo\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jadern\u00e1 energetika je zbra\u0148 v\u00a0ciz\u00edch ruk\u00e1ch. M\u00e1me j\u00e1sat nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e plakat ? J\u00e1saj\u00ed slepci, hled\u00edc\u00ed do kaleidoskopu. Ti, kdo hled\u00ed na skl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed se mozaiku, pl\u00e1\u010dou. Pro\u010d tyto v\u011bty, kdy\u017e ta \u010desk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 energetika dost\u00e1v\u00e1 nov\u00fd v\u00edtr do plachet ? Poj\u010fme se pod\u00edvat na ud\u00e1losti posledn\u00edch cca 15 let, na p\u00e1r technick\u00fdch a strategick\u00fdch detail\u016f a ud\u011blejme si sami obr\u00e1zek.<\/p>\n

V\u00a0srpnu 2009 byl vyps\u00e1n tendr na dod\u00e1vku zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch dvou blok\u016f pro jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu\u00a0Temel\u00edn<\/strong>. Podm\u00ednkou tendru byla existuj\u00edc\u00ed licence reaktoru v zemi sv\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu nebo v n\u011bkter\u00e9 ze zem\u00ed EU.V kv\u011btnu 2013 jednal tehdej\u0161\u00ed premi\u00e9r Petr Ne\u010das v Moskv\u011b s Dmitrijem Medved\u011bvem o dostavb\u011b Temel\u00edna a dal najevo velmi kladn\u00fd postoj k\u00a0technologii reaktor\u016f VVER (Rosatom) pro Temel\u00edn. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 okam\u017eit\u00e1 \u201ckabelkov\u00e1\u201d af\u00e9ra ukon\u010dila v \u010dervnu jeho p\u016fsoben\u00ed ( Petr Ne\u010das podal demisi) a v \u010dervenci skon\u010dila vl\u00e1da. V listopadu 2013 za\u010dal tzv. \u201emajdan\u201c na Ukrajin\u011b, kter\u00fd vrcholil v \u00fanoru 2014. P\u00e1r t\u00fddn\u016f pot\u00e9 v\u00a0dubnu nav\u0161t\u00edvil Kyjev \u0159editel CIA Brennan a kr\u00e1tce na to za\u010dala ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka na jihov\u00fdchod\u011b Ukrajiny. Ten sam\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc byl zru\u0161en tendr na dostavbu Temel\u00edna. V\u00a0\u0159\u00edjnu a prosinci 2014 vybuchl muni\u010dn\u00ed sklad ve Vrb\u011btic\u00edch, n\u00e1sledkem \u010deho\u017e bylo \u00fa\u010delov\u00e9 vylou\u010den\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho dodavatele z n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch v\u00fdb\u011brov\u00fdch \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro Dukovany i dal\u0161\u00ed lokality.<\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159i bloky VVER v\u00a0jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b\u00a0Dukovany<\/strong>, provozovan\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00fd na v\u00fdkonu cca 500 MWe, maj\u00ed dnes, tj. v\u00a0polovin\u011b 20. let 21. stolet\u00ed, cca 40 let, je nutn\u00e9 prodlou\u017eit jejich provoz a nahradit je nov\u00fdmi bloky. Tendr, vypsan\u00fd v\u00a0b\u0159eznu 2022 na jeden a\u017e dva dal\u0161\u00ed nov\u00e9 bloky, ji\u017e neobsahuje podm\u00ednku, aby popt\u00e1van\u00fd reaktor o v\u00fdkonu cca 1000 MWe byl ji\u017e n\u011bkde licencov\u00e1n, tj. povolen k\u00a0provozu. V\u00edt\u011bzn\u00fd jihokorejsk\u00fd APR-1000 z\u00a0\u010dervence 2024\u00a0nen\u00ed dosud pln\u011b licencov\u00e1n v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zemi EU ani v zemi p\u016fvodce<\/strong>. V \u00fanoru 2023 pouze z\u00edskal certifikaci od Evropsk\u00e9ho sdru\u017een\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u016f jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren (EUR). To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee standardn\u00ed design reaktoru spl\u0148uje jednotn\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky, kter\u00e9 tyto spole\u010dnosti vy\u017eaduj\u00ed pro nov\u00e9 bloky. Certifikace EUR sama o sob\u011b nenahrazuje licenci od n\u00e1rodn\u00edho jadern\u00e9ho dozoru, je to technick\u00e1 norma, nikoli licence k provozu. V Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji reaktor APR-1000 v dob\u011b vyd\u00e1n\u00ed certifikace EUR proch\u00e1zel hlavn\u00edm procesem schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed (Standard Design Approval) u jihokorejsk\u00e9ho \u00da\u0159adu pro jadernou bezpe\u010dnost a ochranu (NSSC). Toto schvalov\u00e1n\u00ed nebylo v \u00fanoru 2023 je\u0161t\u011b dokon\u010deno a k dne\u0161n\u00edmu dni (\u010dervenec 2026) st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 jak v\u00a0Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji, tak v \u010cR.<\/p>\n

Kauza Temel\u00edn byla obnovena v\u00a0roce 2024, kdy \u010cEZ uzav\u0159el strategick\u00e9 partnerstv\u00ed s\u00a0firmou\u00a0Rolls-Royce SMR<\/strong>\u00a0s\u00a0c\u00edlem instalovat v\u00a0\u010cR a\u017e \u0161est reaktor\u016f SMR. \u010cEZ t\u00edmto z\u00edskal v\u00a0roce 2025 za cca 6 miliard K\u010d v Rolls-Royce SMR p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 % pod\u00edl.
\nJadern\u00e1 divize Rolls-Royce Submarines, zalo\u017een\u00e1 v\u00a0roce 1954, za\u010dala v\u00a0roce 2015 (p\u0159esn\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc nen\u00ed zn\u00e1m), vyv\u00edjet energetick\u00fd jadern\u00fd reaktor PWR o v\u00fdkonu 440, pozd\u011bji zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd na 470 MWe. Dostal n\u00e1zev SMR, mal\u00fd modul\u00e1rn\u00ed reaktor (small modular reactor). V\u00a0listopadu 2021 vznik\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 divize Rolls-Royce SMR Ltd., kam je tento v\u00fdvoj p\u0159esunut. \u017de tento reaktor nen\u00ed ani mal\u00fd ani modul\u00e1rn\u00ed je dnes z\u0159ejm\u00e9. Je to klasick\u00fd t\u0159\u00edsmy\u010dkov\u00fd tlakovodn\u00ed reaktor z\u00e1padn\u00edho typu (PWR) se svisl\u00fdmi parogener\u00e1tory a s\u00a0palivem 17\u00d717 ve \u010dtvercov\u00e9 m\u0159\u00ed\u017ei s\u00a0tenk\u00fdmi vod\u00edc\u00edmi trubkami. St\u0159edn\u00ed v\u00fdkon a klasick\u00e1 koncepce ho dnes p\u0159edur\u010duje k\u00a0cen\u011b za elektrickou kWh, kter\u00e1 zejm\u00e9na u prvn\u00edch blok\u016f nem\u016f\u017ee v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm reaktor\u016fm konkurovat. Cenu by mohla m\u00edrn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e1 standardizace blok\u016f v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu objedn\u00e1vek. Politicky a ekonomicky nestabiln\u00ed v\u00fdvoj v\u00a0Evrop\u011b takov\u00fd v\u00fdhled neposkytuje. Jadern\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost t\u011bchto blok\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 na \u00farovni dne\u0161n\u00edch tlakovodn\u00edch reaktor\u016f generace III+.
\nV \u010dervenci 2025 byla podeps\u00e1na prvn\u00ed dohoda o zah\u00e1jen\u00ed prac\u00ed (Early Works Agreement \u2013 EWA) za \u00fa\u010delem spu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravn\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed pro v\u00fdstavbu prvn\u00edho SMR, v dubnu 2026 n\u00e1sledoval konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed Early Works Contract (EWC) na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed projektov\u00e9 a licen\u010dn\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nutn\u00e9 pro z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed stavebn\u00edho povolen\u00ed pro prvn\u00ed SMR v\u00a0Temel\u00edn\u011b.<\/p>\n

Na dostavbu reaktor\u016f v\u00a0Temel\u00edn\u011b\u00a0najednou nebyl t\u0159eba \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd tendr<\/strong>\u00a0ani p\u016fvodn\u00ed podm\u00ednka, aby reaktor byl ji\u017e n\u011bkde licencov\u00e1n. Reaktor Rolls-Royce SMR 470 MWe existuje dosud\u00a0pouze na pap\u00ed\u0159e<\/strong>\u00a0v\u00a0projek\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159i dodavatele, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zku\u0161enosti pouze s\u00a0ponorkov\u00fdmi vojensk\u00fdmi reaktory. Jadern\u00fd energetick\u00fd reaktor nikdy neprojektoval, nezkonstruoval ani neuvedl do provozu. Proto\u017ee divize Rolls-Royce SMR nedod\u00e1v\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 palivo, po\u010d\u00edt\u00e1 s\u00a0dod\u00e1vkou odjinud, nap\u0159. od Westinghouse (p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b od Framatome). \u010c\u00e1st sv\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, kter\u00e1 dod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m reaktoru, Rolls-Royce prodal v\u00a0listopadu 2021 za 2 miliardy liber spole\u010dnosti Framatome.<\/p>\n

\u010cEZ, resp. \u010desk\u00fd st\u00e1t, ji\u017e chyst\u00e1 v Temel\u00edn\u011b staveni\u0161t\u011b pro v\u00fdstavbu jadern\u00e9ho reaktoru, kter\u00fd je dosud jen na pap\u00ed\u0159e, nen\u00ed vyzkou\u0161en\u00fd a odlad\u011bn\u00fd, nen\u00ed nikde licencovan\u00fd. Palivo pro n\u011bj i \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m mus\u00ed dodat jin\u00e9 firmy z\u00a0jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. V\u00a0\u010dervenci 2026 ministr pr\u016fmyslu a obchodu Karel Havl\u00ed\u010dek p\u0159i jeho n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nie podepsal memorandum o porozum\u011bn\u00ed na stavbu blok\u016f Rolls-Royce SMR v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na D\u011btmarovice (Ostravsko) a Tu\u0161imice (Chomutovsko).<\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se nyn\u00ed na kauzu Rolls-Royce SMR v\u00a0\u010cesk\u00e9 republice ze strategick\u00e9ho politick\u00e9ho hlediska:
\n1) Bloky 470 MWe za\u010dnou zab\u00edrat drahocen\u00e9 lokality, kter\u00fdch je v\u00a0\u010cR velmi mal\u00fd po\u010det. Pokud bude v\u0161ech \u0161est t\u011bchto blok\u016f realizov\u00e1no nap\u0159. v\u00a0Temel\u00edn\u011b, D\u011btmarovic\u00edch a v Tu\u0161imic\u00edch (spolu s\u00a0ob\u011bma jihokorejsk\u00fdmi APR-1000 v Dukovanech), po odstaven\u00ed blok\u016f VVER v\u00a0Dukovanech (4\u00d7500 MWe) a Temel\u00edn\u011b (2\u00d71085 MWe) z d\u016fvodu vy\u010derp\u00e1n\u00ed jejich \u017eivotnosti vzroste cca po roce 2060 (pop\u0159. 2080, jak ozn\u00e1mil ministr Havl\u00ed\u010dek), celkov\u00fd instalovan\u00fd v\u00fdkon v\u00a0j\u00e1d\u0159e v\u00a0\u010cR o cca 650 MWe. To je po postaven\u00ed osmi nov\u00fdch reaktor\u016f ta nejv\u00edce optimistick\u00e1 varianta. M\u00e9n\u011b optimistick\u00e9 varianty odhadnete sami. Dal\u0161\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bloky, nebude v\u00a0podstat\u011b ji\u017e kde stav\u011bt, nebude kde.<\/p>\n

2) Neexistuje garance spolehliv\u00e9 funk\u010dnosti blok\u016f Rolls-Royce SMR 470 MWe, proto\u017ee nikdy nebyly licencov\u00e1ny, postaveny ani provozov\u00e1ny. Tzv. d\u011btsk\u00e9 nemoci technick\u00fdch uzl\u016f v\u017edy pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed na dolad\u011bn\u00ed 15-20 let.<\/p>\n

3) Ke strategick\u00e9\u00a0eliminaci funk\u010dnosti t\u011bchto blok\u016f sta\u010d\u00ed, aby jeden z\u00a0kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch element\u016f jadern\u00e9ho ostrova (britsk\u00fd, americk\u00fd a francouzsk\u00fd) \u201ep\u0159estal m\u00edt chu\u0165\u201c nap\u0159. politicky spolupracovat. V\u00fdsledkem bude \u201enej\u00e1dro, resp. neelekt\u0159ina\u201c v\u00a0\u010cR. \u017de lze takov\u00fd stav \u201evyrobit\u201c snadno, si jist\u011b um\u00edme p\u0159edstavit.<\/p>\n

Tak jak n\u00e1m vad\u00ed z\u00e1vislost na Rusku v\u00a0n\u011bkter\u00fdch surovin\u00e1ch, kauzou Rolls-Royce SMR se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika st\u00e1v\u00e1 dlouhodob\u00fdm rukojm\u00edm kolektivn\u00edho Z\u00e1padu. Sta\u010d\u00ed, aby se \u201en\u011bkde na Z\u00e1pad\u011b n\u011bkdo trochu rozzlobil\u201c a v\u00a0\u010cR z\u00a0t\u011bchto reaktor\u016f nebude elekt\u0159ina. A jin\u00e9 bloky nebude ji\u017e kde postavit. N\u011bkdo nesm\u00edrn\u011b sp\u011bch\u00e1, aby tento stav nastal. Z\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e popsan\u00e9 chronologie ud\u00e1lost\u00ed velmi okat\u011b vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, kdo, kdy a pro\u010d konal. Jm\u00e9na odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch jsou ve\u0159ejn\u011b zn\u00e1ma a nebudou zapomenuta. Z\u00a0hlediska energetick\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti st\u00e1tu lze hovo\u0159it o vlastizrad\u011b.<\/p>\n

Autor: Energetik<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dne\u0161n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e1 tzv. znovuo\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed jadern\u00e1 energetika je zbra\u0148 v\u00a0ciz\u00edch ruk\u00e1ch. M\u00e1me j\u00e1sat nebo sp\u00ed\u0161e plakat…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":26076,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,7476,4536],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112417"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=112417"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/112417\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/26076"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=112417"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=112417"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=112417"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}