{"id":111859,"date":"2026-07-29T00:25:58","date_gmt":"2026-07-28T22:25:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111859"},"modified":"2026-07-28T11:03:07","modified_gmt":"2026-07-28T09:03:07","slug":"stepan-chab-lepsi-fizl-nez-svoboda","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/29\/stepan-chab-lepsi-fizl-nez-svoboda\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Ch\u00e1b: Lep\u0161\u00ed f\u00edzl ne\u017e svoboda"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Po dlouh\u00e9m \u010dase op\u011bt souboj mezi Windows a Linuxem.<\/h4>\n

Korpor\u00e1t Microsoft ka\u017edou instalaci Windows sleduje\u00a0pod mechanismem Global Device ID<\/strong><\/a>. Ten je automaticky sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed instalovan\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu. Nejde vypnout. Nejde s n\u00edm manipulovat. Nejde s n\u00edm d\u011blat nic. Je pevnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu Windows. Co to je Global Device ID? Jedine\u010dn\u00fd identifik\u00e1tor, kter\u00fd k va\u0161emu po\u010d\u00edta\u010di v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b potvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u00e1te leg\u00e1ln\u00ed licenci syst\u00e9mu, ale k tomu, jak\u00e1 to n\u00e1hoda, p\u0159iv\u00e1\u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 osobn\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di m\u00e1te. To znamen\u00e1 IP adresu, fyzickou adresu, bankovn\u00ed \u00fadaje. Global Device ID se pevn\u011b prop\u00ed\u0161e do instalace v po\u010d\u00edta\u010di, z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ale p\u0159ip\u00ed\u0161e k va\u0161emu \u00fa\u010dtu v cloudu. T\u00edm je \u010dlov\u011bk identifikovateln\u00fd. Tak\u017ee pokud cokoliv prov\u00e1d\u00edte na internetu, m\u016f\u017ee si Microsoft proch\u00e1zet historii va\u0161\u00ed \u010dinnosti, a to nikoliv anonymizovan\u011b, ale s va\u0161imi osobn\u00edmi informacemi.<\/p>\n

Windows skrze tzv. Telemetrii Microsoft Account a unik\u00e1tn\u00ed Advertising ID sb\u00edr\u00e1 neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed dat o chov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatele (stisknut\u00e9 kl\u00e1vesy v r\u00e1mci\u00a0Windows Recall<\/strong><\/a>, instalovan\u00e9 aplikace, polohu, historii prohl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v Edge). Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed novinka z posledn\u00ed doby: Windows Recall (AI funkce, kter\u00e1 d\u011bl\u00e1 sn\u00edmky obrazovky ka\u017ed\u00fdch p\u00e1r sekund a indexuje v\u0161e, co \u010dlov\u011bk d\u011bl\u00e1). To je dokonal\u00e1 ilustrace toho, kam a\u017e sledov\u00e1n\u00ed za\u0161lo.<\/p>\n

P\u0159i\u0161lo se na to p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed hackera v USA. Ten se p\u0159ed polici\u00ed na internetu skr\u00fdval za pomoci mnoha zp\u016fsob\u016f, b\u011b\u017en\u011b nevysledovateln\u00fdch, ale v\u0161e d\u011blal z jednoho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo pevn\u011b spojen\u00e9 pr\u00e1v\u011b s jeho Global Device ID. Microsoft policii \u00fadaje p\u0159edal,\u00a0hacker byl dopaden<\/strong><\/a>\u00a0na leti\u0161ti.<\/p>\n

Bohulib\u00e9, \u017ee? Microsoft pomohl polapit zlot\u0159ilce.<\/p>\n

Jen\u017ee pozor, pokud m\u00e1 syst\u00e9m mechanismus pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed u\u017eivatele z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fd pro policajty nebo reklamu, d\u0159\u00edve \u010di pozd\u011bji se k t\u011bm sam\u00fdm dat\u016fm dostane i libovoln\u00fd zru\u010dn\u00fd hacker nebo ciz\u00ed rozv\u011bdka.<\/p>\n

Ale co je, z m\u00e9ho pohledu, naprosto kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9, je to proti v\u0161em z\u00e1sad\u00e1m, z\u00e1kon\u016fm a pravidl\u016fm na ochranu soukrom\u00ed. A pokud se nechceme propracovat do polototalitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu definovan\u00e9ho zvrhlou v\u011btou \u2013 kdo ned\u011bl\u00e1 nic \u0161patn\u00e9ho, nemus\u00ed se ni\u010deho b\u00e1t \u2013 m\u011bl by Microsoft dostat r\u00e1koskou p\u0159es prsty. Dostane? Jist\u011b ne. Ono tady o to pr\u00e1vo na soukrom\u00ed vlastn\u011b nikomu p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 nejde. Pro\u010d taky. \u010clov\u011bk by m\u011bl b\u00fdt (povinn\u011b) transparentn\u00ed a korpor\u00e1tn\u00ed syst\u00e9m by o n\u011bm m\u011bl v\u011bd\u011bt prvn\u00ed posledn\u00ed. (Jednou, a daleko to nen\u00ed, budeme do \u010c\u00edny zahl\u00ed\u017eet s z\u00e1vist\u00ed jako do toho svobodn\u00e9ho sv\u011bta).<\/p>\n

A tak jsem se za\u010dal p\u00eddit po tom, jak je na tom opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m Linux. M\u00e1 sv\u016fj Global Device ID?<\/p>\n

Ano, m\u00e1 jeho obdobu. P\u0159i instalaci syst\u00e9mu do po\u010d\u00edta\u010de vznikne jedine\u010dn\u00fd dvaat\u0159icetim\u00edstn\u00fd identifika\u010dn\u00ed k\u00f3d, kter\u00fd bude pat\u0159it jen t\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 instalaci. Ale je tu jeden z\u00e1sadn\u00ed rozd\u00edl. Tento identifika\u010dn\u00ed k\u00f3d se prop\u00ed\u0161e pouze do toho jednoho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de. U Linuxu neexistuje nic takov\u00e9ho, \u017ee by syst\u00e9m va\u0161eho po\u010d\u00edta\u010de byl automaticky a neodvolateln\u011b v cloudu a odes\u00edlal do n\u011bj va\u0161e osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje. To je p\u0159\u00edmo nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9. \u010clov\u011bk m\u00e1 Linux pod dohledem. B\u011b\u017en\u00fd Linux nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd centr\u00e1ln\u00ed server ani cloudov\u00fd \u00fa\u010det, kam by se toto ID p\u0159i startu odes\u00edlalo. V\u00fdrobce distribu\u010dn\u00ed architektury o ID po\u010d\u00edta\u010de v\u016fbec nev\u00ed. Chcete-li v Linuxu do cloudu, pros\u00edm, beze v\u0161eho, ale v\u0161e m\u00e1te pod dohledem. Do cloudu d\u00e1v\u00e1te jen to, co vy chcete, ne co chce korpor\u00e1t.<\/p>\n

Pokud \u010dlov\u011bk u Windows pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 VPN, vystupuje pod jinou p\u0159ezd\u00edvkou a sna\u017e\u00ed se chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 soukrom\u00ed snad a\u017e do absurdity, Windows v pozad\u00ed st\u00e1le pos\u00edl\u00e1 na servery Microsoftu tot\u00e9\u017e unik\u00e1tn\u00ed ID sv\u00e1zan\u00e9 s \u00fa\u010dtem konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n

Windows je opera\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m sestavovan\u00fd mamut\u00edm korpor\u00e1tem. Linux je sestavovan\u00fd komunitou, kter\u00e1 chce, aby jej\u00ed syst\u00e9m fungoval a pracoval pro ka\u017ed\u00e9ho jednotliv\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele. A to podle jeho p\u0159edstav. P\u0159edstav? Kup\u0159\u00edkladu ono ve Windows nezni\u010diteln\u00e9 identifika\u010dn\u00ed \u010d\u00edslo, kter\u00e9 na \u010dlov\u011bka neust\u00e1le ukazuje a maluje mu na \u010delo ter\u010d, v Linuxu m\u016f\u017eete nastavit, aby se ID s ka\u017ed\u00fdm zapnut\u00edm po\u010d\u00edta\u010de p\u0159epsalo, m\u016f\u017eete si ho p\u0159epsat i manu\u00e1ln\u011b. M\u016f\u017eete si d\u011blat, co v\u00e1m vyhovuje. Je to v\u00e1\u0161 syst\u00e9m, v\u00e1\u0161 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d. A hlavn\u011b va\u0161e soukrom\u00ed, do kter\u00e9ho americk\u00e9mu korpor\u00e1tu v\u016fbec nic nen\u00ed. U\u017e ze z\u00e1sady.<\/p>\n

P\u0159ed deseti lety jsem p\u0159e\u0161el na Linux. A jak to \u010dlov\u011bk jednou ud\u011bl\u00e1, stane se z n\u011bho snad a\u017e fanatick\u00fd obh\u00e1jce svobodn\u00e9ho opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Linux je p\u0159ehledn\u00fd, je zdarma, je v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b, velk\u00e1 spousta program\u016f je na stejn\u00e9 \u00farovni jako u Windows. A nikde, skute\u010dn\u011b nikde v syst\u00e9mu v\u00e1s neru\u0161\u00ed reklamy.<\/p>\n

Je s podivem, \u017ee se Linuxy nestaly nejroz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opera\u010dn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Ale mo\u017en\u00e1 to vlastn\u011b s podivem ani nen\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Nakoukn\u011bte do Alzy a zkuste naj\u00edt po\u010d\u00edta\u010d nebo notebook s nainstalovan\u00fdm Linuxem. Nenajdete jeden jedin\u00fd. A lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed r\u00e1di servis, v\u0161echno p\u0159edinstalovan\u00e9 a p\u0159ed\u017ev\u00fdkan\u00e9, tak si po\u010d\u00edta\u010d bez opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu nepo\u0159\u00edd\u00ed, boj\u00ed se, \u017ee k instalaci Linuxu je t\u0159eba vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed aj\u0165\u00e1ck\u00e1. Nen\u00ed to pot\u0159eba.<\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e si dnes kupujete notebook bez opera\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu, v e-shopu v\u00e1m ho nab\u00eddnou se slevou, ale koukaj\u00ed na v\u00e1s, jako byste si kupovali auto bez volantu. P\u0159itom instalace dne\u0161n\u00edho Linuxu (t\u0159eba Linux Mint nebo Ubuntu) je jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed a rychlej\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e uva\u0159it si pol\u00e9vku z pytl\u00edku \u2013 kliknete t\u0159ikr\u00e1t na \u201eDal\u0161\u00ed\u201c, zad\u00e1te sv\u00e9 nov\u00e9 heslo a za deset minut pracujete bez reklam v naprosto intuitivn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed v \u010de\u0161tin\u011b.<\/p>\n

A je to s podivem p\u0159i pohledu na \u010desk\u00e9 \u0161kolstv\u00ed? V\u017edy\u0165 ka\u017ed\u00e1 \u0161kola u p\u0159edm\u011btu v\u00fduky po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f p\u0159ed d\u011bti p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pouze a jen po\u010d\u00edta\u010de s Windows. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 \u0161kola nep\u0159edstav\u00ed Linux a jeho mo\u017enosti (kter\u00e9 jsou skute\u010dn\u011b obrovsk\u00e9, v podstat\u011b daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u Windows, proto\u017ee na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00farovni si Linuxy ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159izp\u016fsobit i v jeho z\u00e1kladech, co\u017e je u Windows vylou\u010den\u00e9).<\/p>\n

A \u017ee to nejde ve velk\u00e9m rozsahu u \u0161kol, nebo nedej bo\u017ee u st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy? Ale jde. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 spolkov\u00e1 zem\u011b \u0160lesvicko-Hol\u0161t\u00fdnsko se v roce 2024 rozhodla kompletn\u011b p\u0159ev\u00e9st 30 000 po\u010d\u00edta\u010d\u016f st\u00e1tn\u00ed spr\u00e1vy a \u0161kol z Windows a MS Office\u00a0na Linux a LibreOffice<\/strong><\/a>. Hlavn\u00edm d\u016fvodem byla pr\u00e1v\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00ed suverenita a ochrana soukrom\u00ed (a tak\u00e9 ob\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdpaln\u00e9, kter\u00e9 spolkov\u00e1 zem\u011b musela pos\u00edlat Microsoftu za licence, stejn\u011b jako ob\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdpaln\u00e9 pos\u00edl\u00e1 \u010desk\u00fd st\u00e1t). N\u011bmci ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee to jde i na \u00farovni st\u00e1tu. My si sv\u00e9ho Windows \u0161m\u00edr\u00e1ka budeme d\u00e1l za t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 pen\u00edze h\u00fd\u010dkat ve \u0161kol\u00e1ch, na \u00fa\u0159adovn\u00e1ch i doma.<\/p>\n

U Linuxu si vy \u201ekupujete\u201c syst\u00e9m, u Windows kupuje Microsoft v\u00e1s jako produkt pro inzerenty. A kupuje si v\u00e1s za va\u0161e pen\u00edze.<\/p>\n

Nakoukn\u011bte do prostoru m\u00fdch dal\u0161\u00edch ro\u0161\u0165\u00e1ren.\u00a0Dnes pohled do minulosti<\/strong><\/a>, kde jsme naivn\u011b doufali ve sv\u011btl\u00e9 z\u00edt\u0159ky. To porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s dne\u0161kem je komick\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po dlouh\u00e9m \u010dase op\u011bt souboj mezi Windows a Linuxem. Korpor\u00e1t Microsoft ka\u017edou instalaci Windows sleduje\u00a0pod…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111860,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[647,1503,5923,2862,117,3815],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111859"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111859"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111859\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":111861,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111859\/revisions\/111861"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111860"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111859"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111859"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111859"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}