{"id":111674,"date":"2026-07-27T00:21:25","date_gmt":"2026-07-26T22:21:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111674"},"modified":"2026-07-26T12:28:30","modified_gmt":"2026-07-26T10:28:30","slug":"svoboda-projevu-v-evrope-pomalu-umira","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/27\/svoboda-projevu-v-evrope-pomalu-umira\/","title":{"rendered":"Svoboda projevu v Evrop\u011b pomalu um\u00edr\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Od z\u00e1kona o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch p\u0159es ekonomick\u00e9 sankce a\u017e po z\u00e1kony o nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech si Evropa potichu vybudovala syst\u00e9m dohledu a cenzury.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed fungovaly z\u00e1padn\u00ed demokracie podle uklid\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edho konsensu: cenzura byla hrub\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem vyhrazen\u00fdm pro autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 re\u017eimy, zat\u00edmco \u201esvobodn\u00fd sv\u011bt\u201c se spol\u00e9hal na otev\u0159enou debatu, energick\u00fd disent a \u00fastavn\u00ed z\u00e1ruky. Tento pocit umo\u017e\u0148oval z\u00e1padn\u00edm v\u016fdc\u016fm c\u00edtit se nad\u0159azeni zbytku sv\u011bta, pou\u010dovat ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b o demokratick\u00fdch principech a my\u0161lenk\u00e1ch \u201eotev\u0159en\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti\u201c a v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech je i napadat a bombardovat, aby tyto my\u0161lenky \u0161\u00ed\u0159ili silou. V posledn\u00edch letech se v\u0161ak tento narativ rozpadl pod t\u00edhou vlastn\u00edho pokrytectv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vskutku, krok za krokem se ti\u0161e uchytilo nov\u00e9 paradigma pro kontrolu svobody projevu, poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 komplexn\u00ed architekturou, kter\u00e1 kombinuje administrativn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy, automatizovan\u00e9 mechanismy vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va na platform\u00e1ch a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed definic trestn\u00edch \u010din\u016f. Tento proces je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u0159\u00eddka prezentov\u00e1n jako \u00famysln\u00e9 omezen\u00ed svobody. Naopak je formulov\u00e1n um\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdm a bez\u00fahonn\u00fdm jazykem sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik:\u00a0<\/span>\u201edigit\u00e1ln\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c ,\u00a0<\/span>\u201eboj proti nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm projev\u016fm\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201eprevence online radikalizace<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c. Za touto ochrannou slovn\u00ed z\u00e1sobou se v\u0161ak skr\u00fdv\u00e1 bezprecedentn\u00ed expanze st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci a nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed individu\u00e1ln\u00edho projevu. Zat\u00edmco ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech existuj\u00ed obavy z omezen\u00ed svobody projevu, v z\u00e1padn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b se jako epicentrum tohoto legislativn\u00edho posunu etablovala Evropa t\u00edm, \u017ee zavedla pr\u00e1vn\u00ed r\u00e1mce, kter\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b omezuj\u00ed svobodu projevu ze z\u00e1kladn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na podm\u00edn\u011bnou v\u00fdsadu, ud\u011blenou st\u00e1tem a odvolatelnou dle jeho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Orwellovsk\u00e9 z\u00e1kony a nov\u00ed \u201ezlo\u010dinci\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Evropa se zrychlen\u00fdm tempem posunula sm\u011brem k regulaci, kter\u00e1 zach\u00e1z\u00ed s projevem samotn\u00fdm jako s nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed \u0159e\u0161it st\u00e1t a donucovac\u00ed org\u00e1ny. To se jasn\u011b odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed v nadn\u00e1rodn\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u00edch, kter\u00e9 Unie zavedla k potla\u010den\u00ed svobody projevu. Z\u00e1kon o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA) vy\u017eaduje, aby velmi velk\u00e9 online platformy posuzovaly a zm\u00edr\u0148ovaly\u00a0<\/span>\u201esyst\u00e9mov\u00e1 rizika\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0; mus\u00ed jednat rychle, kdy\u017e je nahl\u00e1\u0161en neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah, jinak jim hroz\u00ed pokuty a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 6 % jejich glob\u00e1ln\u00edch ro\u010dn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. A\u010dkoli DSA tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zaru\u010duje rovnov\u00e1hu pr\u00e1v, prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm sv\u00fdch povinnost\u00ed v oblasti posuzov\u00e1n\u00ed rizik a mechanism\u016f vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed podporuje nadm\u011brn\u00e9 dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edpis\u016f, co\u017e vede k vedlej\u0161\u00ed cenzu\u0159e leg\u00e1ln\u00edho, ale kontroverzn\u00edho nebo nepopul\u00e1rn\u00edho projevu. DSA se ve skute\u010dnosti vztahuje nejen na zjevn\u011b neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed obsah, nen\u00e1vistn\u00e9 projevy a ohro\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v, ale tak\u00e9 na\u00a0<\/span>\u201edezinformace\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>\u201ejak\u00fdkoli skute\u010dn\u00fd nebo p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00fd dopad na ob\u010danskou debatu a volebn\u00ed procesy<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c. To jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b v\u00e1gn\u00ed pojmy, proto\u017ee projev, kter\u00fd m\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u201enegativn\u00ed dopad na ve\u0159ejnou debatu\u201c,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee doslova znamenat cokoli, co se nel\u00edb\u00ed establishmentu. Dal\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201esyst\u00e9mov\u00e9 riziko\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1kon o slu\u017eb\u00e1ch v oblasti slu\u017eeb (DSA) vy\u017eaduje, aby platformy filtrovaly, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 obsahu, kter\u00fd by mohl m\u00edt\u00a0<\/span>\u201ev\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro fyzickou a du\u0161evn\u00ed pohodu dan\u00e9 osoby<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c. To by mohlo znamenat doslova cokoli, v\u010detn\u011b pouh\u00e9ho ur\u00e1\u017een\u00ed se n\u00e1zory n\u011bkoho jin\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eKontrola chatu\u201c (ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edpisy zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na prevenci sexu\u00e1ln\u00edho zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed) m\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1m\u011br. Ran\u00e9 verze prosazovaly systematickou anal\u00fdzu soukrom\u00fdch zpr\u00e1v \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch od za\u010d\u00e1tku do konce. Zat\u00edmco povinn\u00e1 hromadn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza \u0161ifrovan\u00fdch konverzac\u00ed byla prozat\u00edm odlo\u017eena, \u201edobrovoln\u00e9\u201c detek\u010dn\u00ed pravomoci a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nad\u00e1le normalizuj\u00ed sledov\u00e1n\u00ed osobn\u00ed komunikace. Zast\u00e1nci uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed argumenty t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se ochrany d\u011bt\u00ed, ale postupn\u00e9 roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fsobnosti z\u00e1kona na dal\u0161\u00ed kategorie obsahu je nevyhnuteln\u00e9 a z\u00e1kon je z\u00e1sadn\u011b neslu\u010diteln\u00fd s pr\u00e1vy na soukrom\u00ed a svobodu projevu. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee jak\u00e1koli digit\u00e1ln\u00ed konverzace mezi ob\u010dany by od\u016fvod\u0148ovala proaktivn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed dohled, je intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed obsc\u00e9nnost \u2013 \u201eochrana\u201c hodn\u00e1 Stasi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b regula\u010dn\u00edch platforem se evropsk\u00e9 org\u00e1ny st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji uchyluj\u00ed k z\u00e1kon\u016fm o ekonomick\u00fdch sankc\u00edch jako n\u00e1stroji politick\u00e9 cenzury. Pozoruhodn\u00fd precedent byl vytvo\u0159en tento m\u011bs\u00edc, kdy\u017e nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud EU\u00a0\u00a0v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpadu Traugott Ickeroth\u00a0<\/a><\/span>rozhodl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady mohou trestn\u011b st\u00edhat nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 blogery za sd\u00edlen\u00ed video \u00faryvk\u016f ze st\u00e1tem financovan\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho kan\u00e1lu\u00a0RT<\/em>\u00a0na soukrom\u00e9m blogu podporovan\u00e9m z dar\u016f. Klasifikac\u00ed pouh\u00e9ho vkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed nebo op\u011btovn\u00e9ho zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00ed zak\u00e1zan\u00e9ho medi\u00e1ln\u00edho obsahu jako ekonomick\u00e9ho\u00a0\u201ep\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku\u201c<\/em>\u00a0sankcionovan\u00e9mu subjektu evropsk\u00e9 soudy prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee svoboda projevu m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kriminalizov\u00e1na podle obchodn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. Je tak\u00e9 pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee existuj\u00ed z\u00e1kony, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo zakazuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 medi\u00e1ln\u00ed kan\u00e1ly, i kdy\u017e p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed propagandu z jin\u00e9 zem\u011b. Takov\u00e9 z\u00e1kony infantilizuj\u00ed ob\u010dany t\u00edm, \u017ee omezuj\u00ed sd\u011blen\u00ed, kter\u00fdm mohou b\u00fdt vystaveni, a podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed jejich schopnost kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jim v\u0161ak br\u00e1n\u00ed vid\u011bt druhou stranu propagandy vlastn\u00edho n\u00e1roda.<\/span><\/p>\n

A toto je jen jeden p\u0159\u00edklad z mnoha. Jak uvedl Reason:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eTurecko-n\u011bmeck\u00fd filma\u0159 H\u00fcseyin Do\u011fru se stal prvn\u00edm evropsk\u00fdm ob\u010danem na evropsk\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b, kter\u00fd byl kv\u016fli sv\u00fdm v\u00fdrok\u016fm za\u0159azen na rusk\u00fd sank\u010dn\u00ed seznam. \u00da\u0159ady ho loni obvinily ze zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed rusk\u00fdch propagandist\u016f a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed \u201efale\u0161n\u00fdch informac\u00ed o politicky kontroverzn\u00edch t\u00e9matech s \u00famyslem zas\u00e9vat etnick\u00e9, politick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 neshody\u201c. Do\u011fru si nemohl ze sv\u00e9ho bankovn\u00edho \u00fa\u010dtu vybrat v\u00edce ne\u017e 600 dolar\u016f m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u011b. N\u011bmeck\u00e1 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed banka uvedla, \u017ee nab\u00eddka Do\u011fruovi pr\u00e1ce nebo dokonce darov\u00e1n\u00ed by poru\u0161ilo sankce, kter\u00e9 byly nyn\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159eny na jeho man\u017eelku, britskou novin\u00e1\u0159ku Lizzie Phelanovou<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jdou v omezov\u00e1n\u00ed projevu, kter\u00fd se jim nel\u00edb\u00ed, mnohem d\u00e1le. Ve Francii p\u0159\u00edpad, o kter\u00e9m informoval den\u00edk\u00a0<\/span>Brussels Times,<\/span><\/em>\u00a0zd\u016fraz\u0148uje p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed absurditu. V roce 2011, b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 volebn\u00ed kampan\u011b, starosta Beaucaire Julien Sanchez zve\u0159ejnil na sv\u00e9 facebookov\u00e9 str\u00e1nce zpr\u00e1vu o politick\u00e9m oponentovi. V koment\u00e1\u0159\u00edch jeden z jeho podporovatel\u016f odpov\u011bd\u011bl:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eTento mu\u017e prom\u011bnil N\u00eemes v Al\u017e\u00edr. Nen\u00ed ulice bez kebab\u00e1rny nebo me\u0161ity; vl\u00e1dnou zde deale\u0159i drog a prostitutky, nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee si vybral Brusel, hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto nov\u00e9ho sv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du \u0161ar\u00edi<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c Tento koment\u00e1\u0159 by n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed mohli pova\u017eovat za nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd, dokonce ur\u00e1\u017eliv\u00fd. V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b v\u0161ak nepodn\u011bcuje k n\u00e1sil\u00ed ani nikoho p\u0159\u00edmo neohro\u017euje. I kdyby ano \u2013 co\u017e absolutn\u011b neznamen\u00e1 \u2013 nebyl to Sanchez, kdo ho napsal. To v\u0161ak bylo pro francouzsk\u00fd soud irelevantn\u00ed a usv\u011bd\u010dil jak autora koment\u00e1\u0159e, tak i samotn\u00e9ho Sancheze z podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti a n\u00e1sil\u00ed proti skupin\u011b na z\u00e1klad\u011b jej\u00edho etnick\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu, rasy a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed. Sanchez se odvolal k Evropsk\u00e9mu soudu pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va v nad\u011bji na rozumn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozsudek, ale rozhodnut\u00ed bylo potvrzeno. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo nyn\u00ed stanov\u00ed, \u017ee kdokoli, kdo zve\u0159ej\u0148uje p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch, m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt shled\u00e1n vinn\u00fdm z podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti a n\u00e1sil\u00ed, a to i v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, \u017ee ostatn\u00ed zve\u0159ejn\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e na jeho str\u00e1nce.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n
\"\"<\/a>
Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 sd\u011blen\u00ed ze 14. \u010dervence 2025, v n\u011bm\u017e se uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee DSA bojuje proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu obsahu a z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1n\u00ed svobodu projevu.<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n

N\u011bmecko nab\u00edz\u00ed snad nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad toho, jak se z\u00e1kony o svobod\u011b projevu mohou z abstraktn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f vyhrotit v domovn\u00ed razie. Podle \u010dl\u00e1nku 188 n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho trestn\u00edho z\u00e1kon\u00edku, p\u0159ijat\u00e9ho pod rou\u0161kou boje proti nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdm projev\u016fm na internetu, se ur\u00e1\u017eka politick\u00fdch osobnost\u00ed trest\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi tresty (a\u017e t\u0159i roky v\u011bzen\u00ed), kter\u00e9 daleko p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed obvykl\u00e1 ustanoven\u00ed o pomluv\u011b. Praktick\u00e9 uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1kona dos\u00e1hlo absurdn\u00edch v\u00fd\u0161in b\u011bhem celost\u00e1tn\u00edch \u201eDn\u016f proti online kriminalit\u011b\u201c po\u0159\u00e1dan\u00fdch polici\u00ed. Policist\u00e9 provedli domovn\u00ed prohl\u00eddku a razii v dom\u011b 64let\u00e9ho bavorsk\u00e9ho mu\u017ee, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mu zabavili elektronick\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pot\u00e9, co retweetoval mem satirizuj\u00edc\u00ed vicekancl\u00e9\u0159e Roberta Habecka. Tento mem zm\u011bnil \u00fa\u010del loga \u0161amponu Schwarzkopf na \u201eSchwachkopf Professional\u201c. Dal\u0161\u00ed u\u017eivatel internetu byl kr\u00e1tce vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n polici\u00ed za to, \u017ee na Facebooku nazval kancl\u00e9\u0159e Merze\u00a0<\/span>\u201ePinocchiem\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, co\u017e vedlo vysoce postaven\u00e9ho americk\u00e9ho diplomata k p\u0159irovn\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona k ur\u00e1\u017ece majest\u00e1tu. Jeho zast\u00e1nci tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1kon m\u011bl chr\u00e1nit demokratick\u00e9 instituce t\u00edm, \u017ee ochr\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u010dinitele p\u0159ed obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm; Vyvst\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u0161ak ot\u00e1zka: pro\u010d by ve\u0159ejn\u00ed \u010dinitel\u00e9 m\u011bli pot\u0159ebovat dodate\u010dnou ochranu p\u0159ed posm\u011bchem, kterou my ostatn\u00ed nem\u00e1me? Naopak, jeliko\u017e maj\u00ed moc \u0159\u00eddit \u017eivoty v\u0161ech ostatn\u00edch, m\u011bli by b\u00fdt vystaveni v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kontrole a posm\u011bchu, ne naopak. Je tak\u00e9 ze sv\u00e9 podstaty naivn\u00ed domn\u00edvat se, \u017ee i kdy\u017e lidem zabr\u00e1n\u00edte \u0159\u00edkat, co si mysl\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eete jim tak\u00e9 zabr\u00e1nit v tom, aby si to mysleli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Krom\u011b t\u011bchto groteskn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody projevu nabrala n\u011bmeck\u00e1 ofenziva proti n\u00ed mnohem temn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed sm\u011bry. \u00da\u0159ady opakovan\u011b zakazovaly nebo n\u00e1siln\u011b rozh\u00e1n\u011bly propalestinsk\u00e9 demonstrace. Zat\u00fdkaly protestuj\u00edc\u00ed za jejich slogany, vlajky nebo symboly a monitorovac\u00ed skupiny zdokumentovaly stovky p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f represe, v\u010detn\u011b bit\u00ed, zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a deportac\u00ed, mezi lety 2018 a 2026. V polovin\u011b \u010dervence n\u011bmeck\u00e1 horn\u00ed komora (Bundesrat) p\u0159edlo\u017eila n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd v\u00fdslovn\u011b kriminalizuje ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 pop\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1va Izraele na existenci a trest\u00e1 pachatele pokutami nebo tresty odn\u011bt\u00ed svobody a\u017e na p\u011bt let. Pokud tento n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona doln\u00ed komora schv\u00e1l\u00ed, N\u011bmecko se stane prvn\u00ed evropskou zem\u00ed, kter\u00e1 tento specifick\u00fd typ projevu postav\u00ed mimo z\u00e1kon. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee z\u00e1kon se zam\u011b\u0159uje pouze na Izrael, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je naprosto p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 pop\u00edrat pr\u00e1vo na existenci jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed je situace stejn\u011b pochmurn\u00e1. Zpr\u00e1va o svobodn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu k informac\u00edm z roku 2025, kterou zve\u0159ejnil den\u00edk The\u00a0<\/span>Times<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, odhalila, \u017ee britsk\u00e1 policie provedla jen v roce 2023 p\u0159es 12 000 zat\u010den\u00ed (v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 zat\u010den\u00ed denn\u011b) na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona o komunikaci z roku 2003 a z\u00e1kona o \u0161kodliv\u00e9 komunikaci z roku 1988; tak\u00e9 uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u00ed po\u010det zat\u010den\u00ed se od roku 2017 v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil. Tato \u010d\u00edsla z\u016fstala vysok\u00e1 i v letech 2024\u20132025 a postihla des\u00edtky tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech se sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e o p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eky jednalo o retweety, memy nebo pobu\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed koment\u00e1\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1kon o online bezpe\u010dnosti (Online Safety Act) tuto strategii \u201eochrany\u201c rovn\u011b\u017e zt\u011bles\u0148uje. Prezentov\u00e1n jako opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu d\u011bt\u00ed v boji proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu a \u0161kodliv\u00e9mu obsahu, ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 platform\u00e1m\u00a0<\/span>\u201epovinnost p\u00e9\u010de\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a vy\u017eaduje proaktivn\u00ed hodnocen\u00ed rizik a rychl\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed jak\u00e9hokoli obsahu, kter\u00fd by mohl zp\u016fsobit\u00a0<\/span>\u201efyzickou nebo psychickou \u00fajmu<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c. Nejasnost ohledn\u011b toho, co je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za nez\u00e1konn\u00e9 (nebo co by mohlo v\u00e9st k nez\u00e1konnosti), zejm\u00e9na v kombinaci se st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmi britsk\u00fdmi z\u00e1kony o nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech, podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00ed k nen\u00e1visti nebo podpo\u0159e terorismu, siln\u011b motivuje k nadm\u011brn\u00e9mu odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed obsahu. Platformy tak\u00e9 \u010del\u00ed obrovsk\u00fdm pokut\u00e1m a dokonce i osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnosti sv\u00fdch vedouc\u00edch pracovn\u00edk\u016f, co\u017e je tla\u010d\u00ed k cenzu\u0159e. Zpr\u00e1va den\u00edku\u00a0<\/span>Telegraph<\/span><\/em>\u00a0odhalila, \u017ee v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1kona o online bezpe\u010dnosti\u00a0bylo v obdob\u00ed od jeho vstupu v platnost v roce 2023 do \u00fanora 2025 obvin\u011bno 292 lid\u00ed ze \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed a\u00a0<\/span>\u201ev\u00fdhru\u017en\u00e9 komunikace\u201c .<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Dystopick\u00e1 budoucnost v perspektiv\u011b<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Jednotliv\u011b posuzovan\u00e9, ka\u017ed\u00e9 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je ve\u0159ejnosti prezentov\u00e1no jako c\u00edlen\u00e9 a benevolentn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je chr\u00e1nit zraniteln\u00e9 osoby, zajistit soci\u00e1ln\u00ed harmonii a\u00a0<\/span>\u201evy\u010distit\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0internet, aby byl\u00a0<\/span>\u201ebezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0pro n\u00e1s v\u0161echny. Dohromady v\u0161ak tyto z\u00e1kony tvo\u0159\u00ed komplexn\u00ed kontroln\u00ed apar\u00e1t. Ozna\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm cenzury za \u201ebezpe\u010dnost\u201c, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed za \u201eochranu\u201c a politickou konformitu za \u201eob\u010danskou povinnost\u201c evropsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zavedly syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e je disent patologizov\u00e1n a kriminalizov\u00e1n. Kdy\u017e ur\u00e1\u017eka politika m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat policejn\u00ed razii v soukrom\u00e9m dom\u011b, kdy\u017e st\u00e1t monitoruje ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo, kter\u00e9 nap\u00ed\u0161ete ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b p\u0159\u00edteli, a kdy\u017e m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt pokojn\u00e1 ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 demonstrace zak\u00e1z\u00e1na spr\u00e1vn\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm, svoboda projevu je aktivn\u011b likvidov\u00e1na pr\u00e1v\u011b t\u011bmi institucemi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsahaly, \u017ee ji budou chr\u00e1nit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve skute\u010dnosti nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se vl\u00e1dy s takovou nal\u00e9havost\u00ed zab\u00fdvaj\u00ed internetem: decentralizovan\u00e9 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed prostory p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed existen\u010dn\u00ed hrozbu pro centralizovanou st\u00e1tn\u00ed moc. Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed narativy a tradi\u010dn\u00ed medi\u00e1ln\u00ed monopoly umo\u017e\u0148ovaly vl\u00e1d\u00e1m udr\u017eovat si t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 monopol na vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti. Otev\u0159en\u00fd internet tento model rozt\u0159\u00ed\u0161til a umo\u017enil ob\u010dan\u016fm okam\u017eit\u011b komunikovat p\u0159es hranice, obch\u00e1zet institucion\u00e1ln\u00ed filtry a sd\u00edlet surov\u00e9, \u201eneov\u011b\u0159en\u00e9\u201c informace. Kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 mohou svobodn\u011b vyjad\u0159ovat p\u0159es hranice, tradi\u010dn\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed propaganda ztr\u00e1c\u00ed sv\u016fj vliv, a tak se podman\u011bn\u00ed internetu st\u00e1v\u00e1 prim\u00e1rn\u00edm imperativem modern\u00ed politick\u00e9 kontroly.<\/span><\/p>\n

od\u00a0<\/a><\/span>Claudia Grasse<\/span><\/strong><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od z\u00e1kona o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch p\u0159es ekonomick\u00e9 sankce a\u017e po z\u00e1kony o nen\u00e1vistn\u00fdch projevech si…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111675,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[63,41,1058,117],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111674"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111674"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111674\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111675"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111674"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111674"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111674"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}