{"id":111626,"date":"2026-07-26T00:32:17","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T22:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111626"},"modified":"2026-07-25T19:43:58","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T17:43:58","slug":"bankovni-blokada-proti-le-penove-pariz-musi-zasahnout","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/26\/bankovni-blokada-proti-le-penove-pariz-musi-zasahnout\/","title":{"rendered":"Bankovn\u00ed blok\u00e1da proti Le Penov\u00e9: Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e mus\u00ed zas\u00e1hnout"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Marine Le Penov\u00e1 vede v pr\u016fzkumech, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eilo sv\u016fj dluh \u2013 a p\u0159esto velk\u00e9 francouzsk\u00e9 banky odm\u00edtaj\u00ed stran\u011b poskytnout p\u016fj\u010dku na prezidentskou kampa\u0148. Nyn\u00ed premi\u00e9r S\u00e9bastien Lecornu jedn\u00e1 o spole\u010dn\u00e9m bankovn\u00edm \u00fav\u011bru s \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dnou st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1rukou. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b reaguje na situaci, kdy soukrom\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed instituce fakticky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozhodovat o tom, kter\u00e9 politick\u00e9 s\u00edly mohou v\u00e9st celost\u00e1tn\u00ed volebn\u00ed kampa\u0148.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Dne 20. \u010dervence se Lecornu\u016fv t\u00fdm setkal v Matignonu se z\u00e1stupci nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch francouzsk\u00fdch bank. BNP Paribas, Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale, BPCE, Cr\u00e9dit Mutuel, Cr\u00e9dit Agricole a La Banque Postale maj\u00ed vytvo\u0159it bankovn\u00ed konsorcium a spole\u010dn\u011b poskytnout \u00fav\u011br na kampa\u0148. Model je podobn\u00fd syndikovan\u00fdm \u00fav\u011br\u016fm, kter\u00e9 n\u011bkolik finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k financov\u00e1n\u00ed velk\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch a infrastrukturn\u00edch projekt\u016f. Finan\u010dn\u00ed rizika by byla rozd\u011blena mezi n\u011bkolik bank a \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 banka by nenesla v\u00fdhradn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost v\u016f\u010di sv\u00fdm klient\u016fm za \u00fav\u011br pro Marine Le Pen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle v\u00fdzkumu den\u00edku \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Le Monde<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c se n\u011bkter\u00e9 banky ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee financov\u00e1n\u00edm Le Penov\u00e9 ztrat\u00ed dv\u011b a\u017e p\u011bt procent sv\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f. To ukazuje, \u017ee probl\u00e9mem nen\u00ed jen solventnost N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed (RN), ale tak\u00e9 politick\u00e1 \u201ekultura zru\u0161en\u00ed\u201c propagovan\u00e1 levic\u00ed. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale uvedla, \u017ee politick\u00e9 strany nefinancuje ji\u017e l\u00e9ta; BNP Paribas pouk\u00e1zala na to, \u017ee Le Penov\u00e1 nen\u00ed jej\u00edm klientem. Jin\u00e9 banky uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00e1, ru\u010ditelsk\u00e1 a compliance rizika. V\u00fdsledek z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 stejn\u00fd: nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed opozi\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edla v zemi nem\u016f\u017ee ve Francii naj\u00edt banku, kter\u00e1 by byla ochotna financovat jej\u00ed prezidentskou kampa\u0148.<\/span><\/p>\n

Miliony voli\u010d\u016f \u2013 ale \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 bankovn\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dka<\/span><\/h3>\n

Strana N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed (RN) \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o p\u016fj\u010dku a\u017e do v\u00fd\u0161e 10,7 milionu eur. To odpov\u00edd\u00e1 maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stce, kterou m\u016f\u017ee francouzsk\u00fd st\u00e1t kandid\u00e1tovi proplatit, pokud se dostane do druh\u00e9ho kola voleb a jeho financov\u00e1n\u00ed kampan\u011b bude schv\u00e1leno. Vzhledem k dosavadn\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm Le Penov\u00e9 a aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016fzkum\u016fm se riziko nespl\u00e1cen\u00ed jev\u00ed jako zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00e9. Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale a La Banque Postale nicm\u00e9n\u011b p\u016fj\u010dku na ja\u0159e ji\u017e odm\u00edtly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokladn\u00edk RN K\u00e9vin Pfeffer n\u00e1sledn\u011b obvinil banky, \u017ee \u201eji\u017e nehraj\u00ed hru demokracie\u201c. Toto obvin\u011bn\u00ed nelze zcela zavrhnout. Strana m\u016f\u017ee ve volb\u00e1ch z\u00edskat miliony hlas\u016f, m\u00edt mnoho z\u00e1stupc\u016f a v\u00e9st ve v\u0161ech pr\u016fzkumech ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 ale bez uzn\u00e1n\u00ed je celost\u00e1tn\u00ed volebn\u00ed kampa\u0148 st\u00e1le prakticky nemo\u017en\u00e9 financovat. To d\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo bankovn\u00edm mana\u017eer\u016fm politickou moc, kter\u00e1 jim v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch nikdy nebyla sv\u011b\u0159ena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Finan\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdvoj RN je tak\u00e9 v rozporu s obrazem beznad\u011bjn\u011b zadlu\u017een\u00e9ho dlu\u017en\u00edka. Na konci roku 2024 \u010dinily z\u00e1vazky strany t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 19 milion\u016f eur. Do konce b\u0159ezna 2026 klesly na zhruba 8,5 milionu eur, vysv\u011btlil Pfeffer. Dluhy se skl\u00e1daj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b z p\u016fj\u010dek poskytnut\u00fdch stran\u011b soukrom\u00fdmi osobami. RN tak v kr\u00e1tk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed sn\u00ed\u017eila sv\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky na v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu \u2013 a p\u0159esto ji francouzsk\u00e9 banky nad\u00e1le odm\u00edtaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v roce 2014 musela tehdej\u0161\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed fronta hledat financov\u00e1n\u00ed v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Strana si vzala od Prvn\u00ed \u010desko-rusk\u00e9 banky v Moskv\u011b p\u016fj\u010dku ve v\u00fd\u0161i 9,4 milionu eur, kterou v z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2023, o n\u011bkolik let d\u0159\u00edve, v pln\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161i splatila. Pro Le Penovou kampa\u0148 v roce 2022 poskytla ma\u010farsk\u00e1 MKB Bank p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10,7 milionu eur. Tyto p\u016fj\u010dky byly n\u00e1sledn\u011b pou\u017eity k obvin\u011bn\u00ed N\u00e1rodn\u00ed fronty ze z\u00e1vislosti na Rusku, respektive Ma\u010farsku. Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee francouzsk\u00e9 banky stranu d\u0159\u00edve odm\u00edtly, byla pravideln\u011b p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2017 mohou francouzsk\u00e9 politick\u00e9 strany a kandid\u00e1ti z\u00edsk\u00e1vat p\u016fj\u010dky pouze od finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed v r\u00e1mci Evropsk\u00e9 unie nebo Evropsk\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho prostoru. Rusk\u00e1 p\u016fj\u010dka, jako tomu bylo v roce 2014, by ji\u017e nebyla mo\u017en\u00e1. To politicky omezilo okruh potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u011b\u0159itel\u016f, ani\u017e by z\u00e1rove\u0148 zajistilo, \u017ee francouzsk\u00e9 banky skute\u010dn\u011b financuj\u00ed legitimn\u00ed a slibn\u00e9 kandid\u00e1ty. St\u00e1t zav\u0159el dve\u0159e zahrani\u010dn\u00edm zdroj\u016fm, zat\u00edmco dom\u00e1c\u00ed banky si uzamkly vlastn\u00ed pokladny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Banky jako politick\u00fd str\u00e1\u017eci<\/span><\/h3>\n

Podle francouzsk\u00e9ho pr\u00e1va m\u00e1 kandid\u00e1t pr\u00e1vo otev\u0159\u00edt si volebn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det. Na p\u016fj\u010dku v\u0161ak nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1rok. Zprost\u0159edkovatel p\u016fj\u010dek sice m\u016f\u017ee p\u016fsobit jako prost\u0159edn\u00edk mezi stranami a bankami, ale nem\u016f\u017ee tyto instituce k poskytnut\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dky donutit. Soukrom\u00e9 banky se proto st\u00e1le mohou svobodn\u011b rozhodnout, kter\u00e1 strana obdr\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 miliony \u2013 a kter\u00e1 politick\u00e1 s\u00edla mus\u00ed na svou kampa\u0148 sehnat finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mal\u00fdch p\u016fj\u010dek, dar\u016f nebo zahrani\u010dn\u00edch p\u016fj\u010dek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Emmanuel Macron si tento probl\u00e9m uv\u011bdomil b\u011bhem volebn\u00ed kampan\u011b v roce 2017 a sl\u00edbil \u201eBanku demokracie\u201c. N\u00e1sledn\u00fd z\u00e1kon o d\u016fv\u011b\u0159e v politick\u00fd \u017eivot zmocnil vl\u00e1du k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fj\u010dek, z\u00e1loh nebo z\u00e1ruk kandid\u00e1t\u016fm a stran\u00e1m v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9ho trhu. Pl\u00e1n nebyl nikdy realizov\u00e1n. T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 o deset let pozd\u011bji nut\u00ed pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed bankovn\u00ed blok\u00e1da proti N\u00e1rodn\u00edmu shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed (RN) politick\u00fd establishment Francie tuto starou my\u0161lenku vzk\u0159\u00edsit.<\/span><\/p>\n

V dubnu konzervativn\u00ed poslanec Nicolas Tryzna p\u0159edlo\u017eil nov\u00fd n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona o vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u201eBanky demokracie\u201c. Tato banka by poskytovala p\u016fj\u010dky, garantovala \u00fav\u011bry a \u010dinila rozhodnut\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b objektivn\u00edch, transparentn\u00edch a nediskrimina\u010dn\u00edch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Lecornuova vl\u00e1da z\u0159ejm\u011b preferuje \u0161t\u00edhlej\u0161\u00ed model: st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed velk\u00e9 banky by spole\u010dn\u011b poskytovaly finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, zat\u00edmco st\u00e1t by pokr\u00fdval \u010d\u00e1st rizika selh\u00e1n\u00ed. Odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed ustanoven\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt zahrnuto do francouzsk\u00e9ho rozpo\u010dtu na rok 2027.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pln\u00e9 kryt\u00ed nen\u00ed poskytov\u00e1no. Pokud kandid\u00e1t poru\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00e9 p\u0159edpisy o financov\u00e1n\u00ed a jeho kampa\u0148 bude zam\u00edtnuta, st\u00e1t z\u0159ejm\u011b ztr\u00e1tu nepokryje. Z\u00e1ruka by se v\u0161ak mohla uplatnit, pokud kandid\u00e1t z\u00edsk\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e p\u011bt procent hlas\u016f, a proto obdr\u017e\u00ed pouze malou n\u00e1hradu v\u00fddaj\u016f. Da\u0148ov\u00fd poplatn\u00edk by tak neplatil za ka\u017edou ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161nou nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u011b vedenou kampa\u0148, ale pouze by se pojistil proti \u010d\u00e1sti do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry nevy\u010d\u00edsliteln\u00e9ho volebn\u00edho rizika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle sou\u010dasn\u00fdch pravidel mohou kandid\u00e1ti v prvn\u00edm kole utratit maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 16,851 milionu eur a ve druh\u00e9m kole 22,509 milionu eur. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed z\u00edskaj\u00ed alespo\u0148 p\u011bt procent hlas\u016f, mohou z\u00edskat zp\u011bt a\u017e 47,5 procenta p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9ho limitu \u2013 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 8 milion\u016f eur po prvn\u00edm kole a 10,7 milionu eur po druh\u00e9m kole. Pod p\u011bt procent maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed proplacen\u00ed kles\u00e1 na 4,75 procenta limitu. Val\u00e9rie P\u00e9cresse a Anne Hidalgov\u00e1 musely v roce 2022 po \u0161patn\u00fdch v\u00fdsledc\u00edch po\u017e\u00e1dat o dary na splacen\u00ed sv\u00fdch dluh\u016f. Nicolas Sarkozy o n\u00e1rok na proplacen\u00ed ztratil po volb\u00e1ch v roce 2012, proto\u017ee p\u0159ekro\u010dil limit v\u00fddaj\u016f o 466 118 eur, tj. o 2,1 procenta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto p\u0159\u00edklady vysv\u011btluj\u00ed, pro\u010d jsou banky opatrn\u00e9 s mal\u00fdmi nebo bezv\u00fdznamn\u00fdmi kandid\u00e1ty. Na Marine Le Penovou se to v\u0161ak st\u011b\u017e\u00ed vztahuje. Ta se ji\u017e dostala do druh\u00e9ho kola voleb v letech 2017 a 2022, dovedla N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed (RN) k tomu, aby se stalo nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed politickou silou ve Francii, a vede i v pr\u016fzkumech ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed v roce 2027. P\u0159edstava, \u017ee by zrovna ona nep\u0159ekonala p\u011btiprocentn\u00ed hranici a \u017ee by proto \u00fav\u011br nemohl b\u00fdt splacen ze st\u00e1tn\u00edch fond\u016f na kampa\u0148, se zd\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nep\u0159edstaviteln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00fd odvolac\u00ed soud potvrdil rozsudek nad Le Penovou za zneu\u017eit\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu, ale zm\u00edrnil jej\u00ed z\u00e1kaz v\u00fdkonu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 funkce do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st trestu ji\u017e byla vykon\u00e1na. Le Penov\u00e1 se odvolala ke Kasa\u010dn\u00edmu soudu a potvrdila svou kandidaturu na volby konan\u00e9 18. dubna 2027. O tom, zda j\u00ed francouzsk\u00fd lid sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad v zemi, tak op\u011bt rozhodnou voli\u010di \u2013 nikoli soudci, bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edci ani kampan\u011b pobou\u0159en\u00fdch z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1ruka by nebyla darem pro N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed (RN). Sp\u00ed\u0161e by napravila roky trvaj\u00edc\u00ed diskriminaci a poskytla by v\u0161em pr\u00e1vn\u011b zp\u016fsobil\u00fdm kandid\u00e1t\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup k francouzsk\u00fdm p\u016fj\u010dk\u00e1m. Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo chce zabr\u00e1nit zahrani\u010dn\u00edmu vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed, mus\u00ed stran\u00e1m umo\u017enit z\u00edskat realistick\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed ve vlastn\u00ed zemi. Jinak se banky stanou politick\u00fdmi str\u00e1\u017eci, kte\u0159\u00ed sice nemus\u00ed volit, ale p\u0159esto rozhoduj\u00ed o tom, kdo m\u016f\u017ee v\u016fbec v\u00e9st kampa\u0148 za hlasy francouzsk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Marine Le Penov\u00e1 vede v pr\u016fzkumech, N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eilo sv\u016fj dluh \u2013 a p\u0159esto…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111627,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[503,484,130,249],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111626"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111626"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111626\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111627"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111626"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111626"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111626"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}