{"id":111618,"date":"2026-07-26T00:27:47","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T22:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111618"},"modified":"2026-07-25T19:36:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T17:36:14","slug":"island-jak-se-z-rovnopravnosti-stal-zensky-stat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/26\/island-jak-se-z-rovnopravnosti-stal-zensky-stat\/","title":{"rendered":"Island: Jak se z rovnopr\u00e1vnosti stal \u017eensk\u00fd st\u00e1t"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Island bojoval proti mu\u017esk\u00e9 dominanci k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u2013 a t\u00edm vytvo\u0159il novou formu dominance. \u017deny dominuj\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b, administrativ\u011b, \u0161kol\u00e1m, univerzit\u00e1m a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm slu\u017eb\u00e1m, zat\u00edmco mu\u017ei pracuj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v soukrom\u00e9m sektoru a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch exportn\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch. \u00dadajn\u011b \u201enejrovn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b\u201c ukazuje, jak se takzvan\u00e1 rovnost m\u016f\u017ee prom\u011bnit ve feministickou mocenskou strukturu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Island se ji\u017e 16 let um\u00edstil na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku\u00a0<\/span>Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho indexu genderov\u00e9 propasti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Sv\u011btov\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho f\u00f3ra (WEF) . \u017deny nyn\u00ed zast\u00e1vaj\u00ed vedouc\u00ed pozice ve st\u00e1t\u011b, vl\u00e1d\u011b, evangelick\u00e9 luter\u00e1nsk\u00e9 c\u00edrkvi a policii. Dominuj\u00ed ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ministerstev, m\u00edstn\u00edch samospr\u00e1v, \u0161kol, univerzit, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb a ve\u0159ejn\u011b financovan\u00fdch organizac\u00ed. Desetilet\u00ed trvaj\u00edc\u00ed politick\u00e1 transformace nenahradila d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed mu\u017eskou dominanci rovnov\u00e1hou, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e novou \u2013 \u017eenskou \u2013 dominanc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V koment\u00e1\u0159i pro \u201e The European Conservative<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c popisuje islandsk\u00e1 autorka \u00cdris Erlingsd\u00f3ttir v\u00fdsledek\u00a0jako \u201e\u017eensk\u00fd st\u00e1t\u201c. Tato nov\u00e1 moc rozd\u011bluje politick\u00e9 posty, rozhoduje o ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u00edch, ur\u010duje sm\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u0161kol a diktuje, kter\u00e9 jazyky a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed n\u00e1zory jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159ijateln\u00e9. Ministerstva, univerzity, \u00fa\u0159ady pro rovnost, person\u00e1ln\u00ed odd\u011blen\u00ed a st\u00e1tem financovan\u00e9 organizace nab\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u00e9 juniorn\u00ed zam\u011bstnance ze stejn\u00fdch akademicky progresivn\u00edch kruh\u016f. To, co se p\u016fvodn\u011b pova\u017eovalo za rozmanitost, se stalo ideologickou monokulturou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dvoj\u00ed metr by sotva mohl b\u00fdt jasn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura se 70 procenty mu\u017e\u016f by byla okam\u017eit\u011b ozna\u010dena za ohnisko struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed diskriminace. Pokud je stejn\u00e1 agentura ze 70 procent \u017een, je to pova\u017eov\u00e1no za \u00fasp\u011bch desetilet\u00ed politiky rovnosti. Mu\u017esk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina je pro feministky politick\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem, zat\u00edmco \u017eensk\u00e1 v\u011bt\u0161ina je d\u016fvodem k oslav\u011b. \u201eRovnost\u201c u\u017e neznamen\u00e1 rovnov\u00e1hu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e trval\u00fd posun moci ve prosp\u011bch \u017een.<\/span><\/p>\n

Feministick\u00fd st\u00e1t<\/span><\/h3>\n

Person\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadaje shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 Erlingsd\u00f3ttirovou ukazuj\u00ed rozsah t\u00e9to transformace. \u017deny tvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 62 procent zam\u011bstnanc\u016f islandsk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy a asi 70 procent m\u011bstsk\u00fdch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f. V Reykjav\u00edku je jejich pod\u00edl na m\u011bstsk\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed s\u00edle je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, a to 72,4 procenta. Z 42 \u0159editel\u016f ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch \u0161kol v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b je 36 \u017een; mezi z\u00e1stupci \u0159editel\u016f je 35 \u017een oproti pouh\u00fdm \u010dty\u0159em mu\u017e\u016fm. \u0160koly, kde islandsk\u00e9 d\u011bti tr\u00e1v\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho ml\u00e1d\u00ed, jsou tedy stejn\u011b \u017eensky ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 jako org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 rozhoduj\u00ed o vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed politice.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dominance \u017een na ministerstvech pokra\u010duje. Podle Erlingsd\u00f3ttirov\u00e9 ministerstvo spravedlnosti zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 52 \u017een a 23 mu\u017e\u016f. V \u00da\u0159adu pro ob\u010dansk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va a ironicky i v \u00da\u0159adu pro rovn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti je pom\u011br sedm \u017een na jednoho mu\u017ee. Ministerstvo d\u011bt\u00ed a \u0161kolstv\u00ed zam\u011bstn\u00e1v\u00e1 50 \u017een a 18 mu\u017e\u016f, zat\u00edmco ministerstvo zdravotnictv\u00ed m\u00e1 56 zam\u011bstnanky\u0148 oproti pouze 22 mu\u017e\u016fm. V odboru zdravotnictv\u00ed ministerstva ani v kancel\u00e1\u0159i \u0159editele nepracuje jedin\u00fd mu\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed statistiky potvrzuj\u00ed genderov\u00e9 rozd\u00edly na islandsk\u00e9m trhu pr\u00e1ce. Podle \u00fadaj\u016f z roku 2019 pracovalo ve ve\u0159ejn\u00e9m sektoru p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 43 procent zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch \u017een, oproti pouh\u00fdm 15 procent\u016fm mu\u017e\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee zhruba 85 procent zam\u011bstnan\u00fdch mu\u017e\u016f pracuje v soukrom\u00e9m sektoru, oproti 57 procent\u016fm \u017een. Nav\u00edc se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee do roku 2025 budou mu\u017ei pracovat v pr\u016fm\u011bru 38,6 hodiny t\u00fddn\u011b, zat\u00edmco \u017eeny 32,6 hodiny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Erlingsd\u00f3ttir v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b shrnuje tuto d\u011blbu pr\u00e1ce: Mu\u017ei plat\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty \u017eensk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu. Rybolov, lodn\u00ed doprava, stavebnictv\u00ed, dod\u00e1vky energie, v\u00fdroba hlin\u00edku, t\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 doprava a stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed jsou i nad\u00e1le prim\u00e1rn\u011b poh\u00e1n\u011bny mu\u017ei. Tato odv\u011btv\u00ed produkuj\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, generuj\u00ed export, buduj\u00ed infrastrukturu a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy, kter\u00e9 financuj\u00ed feminizovan\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed apar\u00e1t. Mu\u017ei produkuj\u00ed, \u017eeny spravuj\u00ed \u2013 a spr\u00e1vkyn\u011b st\u00e1le v\u00edce ur\u010duj\u00ed podobu spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017densk\u00e1 elita se rozmno\u017euje<\/span><\/h3>\n

P\u0159\u00edsun person\u00e1lu poch\u00e1z\u00ed z univerzit. Z 5 276 islandsk\u00fdch absolvent\u016f univerzit v roce 2024 bylo 3 630 \u017een a pouze 1 646 mu\u017e\u016f. \u017deny tak tvo\u0159ily t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 69 procent v\u0161ech absolvent\u016f. V sektoru zdravotnictv\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb \u010delilo 952 \u017een pouze 123 mu\u017e\u016fm. Pouze ve stroj\u00edrenstv\u00ed, v\u00fdrob\u011b a stavebnictv\u00ed tvo\u0159ili mu\u017ei st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161inu \u2013 op\u011bt v t\u011bch odv\u011btv\u00edch, kde se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed technick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my, stav\u00ed budovy a vyr\u00e1b\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, skute\u010dn\u00e1, produktivn\u00ed ekonomika.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00edm se vytvo\u0159il uzav\u0159en\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Univerzity p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b vzd\u011bl\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u017eeny v oborech, ze kter\u00fdch ministerstva, \u0161koly, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby, \u00fa\u0159ady pro rovnost a ve\u0159ejn\u011b financovan\u00e9 organizace nab\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance. Tyto organizace zase naj\u00edmaj\u00ed lidi se stejn\u00fdm vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00edm, stejn\u00fdmi jazykov\u00fdmi znalostmi a stejn\u00fdmi politick\u00fdmi n\u00e1zory. Tito zam\u011bstnanci pozd\u011bji rozhoduj\u00ed o nov\u00fdch pozic\u00edch, financov\u00e1n\u00ed, osnov\u00e1ch a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch programech. \u017denami dominovan\u00fd, progresivn\u00ed apar\u00e1t si p\u011bstuje vlastn\u00ed budouc\u00ed pracovn\u00ed s\u00edlu a s ka\u017edou generac\u00ed se hloub\u011bji prohlubuje ve st\u00e1t\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednostrann\u00e1 povaha politik rovnosti je patrn\u00e1 v soukrom\u00e9m sektoru. Od roku 2013 jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed islandsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti povinny zajistit, aby \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 z pohlav\u00ed nedr\u017eelo m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 40 procent k\u0159esel v jejich dozor\u010d\u00edch rad\u00e1ch. V roce 2024 tvo\u0159ily \u017eeny p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 42 procent \u010dlen\u016f dozor\u010d\u00edch rad v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch ve\u0159ejn\u011b obchodovan\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed. St\u00e1t tak zasahuje ze z\u00e1kona, kdykoli usoud\u00ed, \u017ee je v managementu spole\u010dnost\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo \u017een. Nikdo v\u0161ak nepo\u017eaduje kv\u00f3ty pro mu\u017ee v ministerstvech, \u0161kol\u00e1ch nebo m\u00edstn\u00edch samospr\u00e1v\u00e1ch se zastoupen\u00edm \u017een 70, 80 nebo 90 procent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed klima se tak\u00e9 p\u0159izp\u016fsobilo nov\u00e9 mocensk\u00e9 struktu\u0159e. Erlingsd\u00f3ttir popisuje sm\u011bs frustrace, opatrnosti a bezmocn\u00e9ho vzteku mezi islandsk\u00fdmi mu\u017ei, kte\u0159\u00ed zva\u017euj\u00ed ka\u017ed\u00e9 slovo a rad\u011bji si nech\u00e1vaj\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9 n\u00e1zory pro sebe. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed nesouhlas\u00ed, sice nutn\u011b neriskuj\u00ed trestn\u00ed st\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed, ale \u010del\u00ed profesn\u00edm nev\u00fdhod\u00e1m, soci\u00e1ln\u00edmu vylou\u010den\u00ed a obvykl\u00e9mu obvin\u011bn\u00ed z misogynie. Takto funguje modern\u00ed kontrola my\u0161len\u00ed: st\u00e1t nemus\u00ed zakazovat projev, pokud se lid\u00e9 ji\u017e nau\u010dili uml\u010det sami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Island se sna\u017eil rozb\u00edt mu\u017esk\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b minul\u00fdch stalet\u00ed a nahradil je progresivn\u00ed s\u00edt\u00ed ovl\u00e1danou \u017eenami. Tato s\u00ed\u0165 ovl\u00e1d\u00e1 velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti st\u00e1tn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu, \u0161kol\u00ed sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed budouc\u00ed v\u016fdce, rozd\u011bluje pozice a financov\u00e1n\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 prohla\u0161uje svou moc za v\u00fdsledek \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 rovnosti pohlav\u00ed. Sedmdes\u00e1tiprocentn\u00ed dominance mu\u017e\u016f by byla pova\u017eov\u00e1na za diskriminaci, zat\u00edmco 70procentn\u00ed dominance \u017een se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt p\u0159ijateln\u00e1. Island nezru\u0161il hegemonii; pouze zm\u011bnil sv\u00e9 pohlav\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Island bojoval proti mu\u017esk\u00e9 dominanci k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u2013 a t\u00edm vytvo\u0159il novou formu dominance. \u017deny…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111619,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[536,11291,742],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111618"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111618"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111618\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111619"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111618"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111618"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111618"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}