{"id":111604,"date":"2026-07-26T00:24:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T22:24:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111604"},"modified":"2026-07-25T12:28:44","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T10:28:44","slug":"digitalni-euro-totalni-kontrola-misto-financni-svobody","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/26\/digitalni-euro-totalni-kontrola-misto-financni-svobody\/","title":{"rendered":"Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro: Tot\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrola m\u00edsto finan\u010dn\u00ed svobody"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Brusel prod\u00e1v\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro jako v\u00fdjimku z platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb Visa, Mastercard a dal\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Ve skute\u010dnosti vytvo\u0159\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e politici ur\u010d\u00ed, kolik digit\u00e1ln\u00edch eur m\u016f\u017ee ob\u010dan dr\u017eet, zat\u00edmco firmy mus\u00ed do 24 hodin p\u0159ev\u00e9st p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky zp\u011bt na b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro chr\u00e1n\u00ed privilegium bank vytv\u00e1\u0159et pen\u00edze a z\u00e1rove\u0148 roz\u0161i\u0159uje st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrolu nad platebn\u00edmi transakcemi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00fd parlament 9. \u010dervence<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pom\u011brem hlas\u016f 416 ku 169 a 22 se zdr\u017eelo hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed a uvolnil cestu k jedn\u00e1n\u00edm o digit\u00e1ln\u00edm euru. T\u00edm byl potvrzen mand\u00e1t, kter\u00fd ji\u017e 23. \u010dervna schv\u00e1lil Hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd a m\u011bnov\u00fd v\u00fdbor (ECON) pom\u011brem hlas\u016f 43 ku 14. Strany Patriots for Europe, Evropsk\u00e1 komise proti reform\u011b (ECR) a Evropsk\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00ed\u0165 (ESN) rozhodnut\u00ed v\u00fdboru napadly, a vynutily si tak hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed v pl\u00e9nu. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro zat\u00edm nen\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u011b z\u00e1vazn\u00e9, ale Parlament a Rada nyn\u00ed mohou vyjedn\u00e1vat o kone\u010dn\u00e9m na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Evropsk\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka (ECB)\u00a0<\/span>ji\u017e o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dokon\u010den\u00ed legislativn\u00edho procesu v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e prvn\u00ed pilotn\u00ed transakce za\u010dnou v polovin\u011b roku 2027 a zaveden\u00ed by mohlo prob\u011bhnout v roce 2029.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed se otev\u0159en\u011b diskutuje o tom, o co v projektu skute\u010dn\u011b jde. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nen\u00ed jen technickou aktualizac\u00ed minc\u00ed, bankovek a bankovn\u00edch karet, ale geopolitick\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem proti dominanci americk\u00fdch platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. V prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2024 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kartov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my ji\u017e zpracov\u00e1valy\u00a0<\/span>66 procent<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u0161ech elektronicky iniciovan\u00fdch plateb kartami z euroz\u00f3ny. O dva roky d\u0159\u00edve to bylo 61 procent, zat\u00edmco 13 zem\u00ed euroz\u00f3ny ji\u017e nem\u011blo vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed kartov\u00fd syst\u00e9m. Bez Visa, Mastercard a dal\u0161\u00edch mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edch poskytovatel\u016f se elektronick\u00e9 platebn\u00ed transakce ve velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti Evropy fakticky zastavily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato z\u00e1vislost je skute\u010dn\u011b probl\u00e9m. M\u00edsto toho, aby eurokrat\u00e9 otev\u0159eli evropsk\u00fd trh soukrom\u00fdm poskytovatel\u016fm, zp\u0159\u00edstupnili st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9my p\u0159es hranice a vytvo\u0159ili evropskou konkurenci pro americk\u00fd duopol, buduj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed protimonopol. V\u011bt\u0161ina obchodn\u00edk\u016f bude muset p\u0159ij\u00edmat digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro, banky a dal\u0161\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb ho budou muset distribuovat a ECB bude kontrolovat technickou infrastrukturu. Podle v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky jen banky vynalo\u017e\u00ed do \u010dty\u0159 let n\u00e1klady na implementaci ve v\u00fd\u0161i \u010dty\u0159 a\u017e 5,8 miliardy eur. Nakonec \u00fa\u010det zaplat\u00ed obchodn\u00edci, bankovn\u00ed z\u00e1kazn\u00edci a da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci \u2013 prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm poplatk\u016f, vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch cen, skryt\u00fdch odvod\u016f nebo n\u00e1klad\u016f Eurosyst\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brusel ur\u010duje v\u00e1\u0161 limit \u00fatrat<\/span><\/h3>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nebude digit\u00e1ln\u00ed hotovost\u00ed jednodu\u0161e proto, \u017ee ob\u010dan\u00e9 budou moci vlastnit jen tolik, kolik\u00a0<\/span>povol\u00ed tv\u016frci politik<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Evropsk\u00fd parlament chce jednotn\u00fd horn\u00ed limit, kter\u00fd by stanovila Evropsk\u00e1 komise na doporu\u010den\u00ed ECB a kter\u00fd by byl pravideln\u011b revidov\u00e1n. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stka dosud nebyla stanovena, a\u010dkoli se ji\u017e l\u00e9ta hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u010d\u00e1stk\u00e1ch mezi 3 000 a 4 000 eury. A\u0165 u\u017e v\u0161ak Brusel nakonec lidem povol\u00ed 3 000, 4 000 nebo 5 000 digit\u00e1ln\u00edch eur, to nem\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed probl\u00e9m. Politick\u00e1 autorita rozhoduje o tom, kolik pen\u011bz centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky m\u016f\u017ee jednotlivec dr\u017eet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaveden\u00ed pen\u011b\u017en\u00edho stropu je od\u016fvodn\u011bno pot\u0159ebou \u201echr\u00e1nit finan\u010dn\u00ed stabilitu\u201c. Pokud by ob\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159evedli sv\u00e9 bankovn\u00ed vklady na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed eura, tyto \u010d\u00e1stky by zmizely z rozvah komer\u010dn\u00edch bank a staly by se pohled\u00e1vkami v\u016f\u010di centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bance. Ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku by to banky p\u0159ipravilo o levn\u00fd a stabiln\u00ed zdroj financov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00ed\u017eilo by to jejich likviditu a t\u00edm by tak\u00e9 vyvinulo tlak na st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m tvorby \u00fav\u011brov\u00fdch pen\u011bz. Komer\u010dn\u00ed banky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed nov\u00e9 \u00fav\u011brov\u00e9 pen\u00edze p\u0159i poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fav\u011br\u016f, ale pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed vklady a rezervy centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky, aby kompenzovaly odliv plateb a udr\u017eely n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na financov\u00e1n\u00ed. V bankovn\u00ed krizi by to mohlo v\u00e9st k digit\u00e1ln\u00edmu bankovn\u00edmu runu, kdy by miliardy b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika hodin plynuly z komer\u010dn\u00edho bankovn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu do ECB.<\/span><\/p>\n

Limity dr\u017een\u00ed pen\u011bz proto prim\u00e1rn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed banky. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee lid\u00e9 budou i nad\u00e1le dr\u017eet v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed z\u016fstatky jako bankovn\u00ed pen\u00edze vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00e9 komer\u010dn\u00edmi bankami, zat\u00edmco Brusel jim ud\u011bluje pouze politicky ur\u010den\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edch centr\u00e1ln\u011b bankovn\u00edch pen\u011bz. Eurokrat\u00e9 tak nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed m\u011bnovou svobodu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e uv\u011bz\u0148uj\u00ed ob\u010dany mezi dv\u011bma kontrolovan\u00fdmi syst\u00e9my: na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b bankovn\u00edmi pen\u011bzi komer\u010dn\u00edch bank a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b digit\u00e1ln\u00edm eurem s jeho centr\u00e1ln\u00ed infrastrukturou, datov\u00fdmi stopami, pravidly p\u0159\u00edstupu a automatizovan\u00fdmi platebn\u00edmi funkcemi. Banky si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed v\u00fdsadu vytv\u00e1\u0159et pen\u00edze a Brusel z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 kontrolu nad nov\u00fdm platebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem. Pouze ob\u010dan\u00e9 nic nez\u00edskaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro firmy jsou omezen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Obecn\u011b nesm\u00ed dr\u017eet \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed eura, ale mohou inkasovat p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00ed platby pouze po dobu maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 24 hodin. Pot\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky automaticky p\u0159evedeny na b\u011b\u017en\u00fd bankovn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro proto nelze pou\u017e\u00edt jako rezervu likvidity ani pro finan\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed podniku. Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vy\u017eaduje, aby firmy novou m\u011bnu p\u0159ijaly, ale nesm\u00ed si p\u0159ijat\u00e9 pen\u00edze ponechat. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee i doba dr\u017een\u00ed pen\u011bz se st\u00e1v\u00e1 politickou sm\u011brnic\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

To odhaluje skute\u010dnou podstatu projektu. Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nem\u00e1 b\u00fdt voln\u011b dostupn\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e st\u00e1tem spravovan\u00fdm platebn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem s pevn\u00fdmi limity. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 budou m\u00edt omezen\u00fd maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u016fstatek, podniky pouze kr\u00e1tkodob\u00fd tranzitn\u00ed \u00fa\u010det a komer\u010dn\u00ed banky z\u016fstanou j\u00e1drem syst\u00e9mu jako prost\u0159edn\u00edci. \u00dadajn\u00e1 revoluce kon\u010d\u00ed tam, kde by mohla ohrozit st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed bankovn\u00ed syst\u00e9m. Kontrola ano; konkurence s bankami ne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Programovatelnost s nov\u00fdm n\u00e1zvem<\/span><\/h3>\n

ECB z\u00e1rove\u0148 \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed sv\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 uji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed: digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro nikdy nebude \u201eprogramovateln\u00fdmi pen\u011bzi\u201c. Podle ECB ani nevypr\u0161\u00ed jeho platnost, ani nebude od za\u010d\u00e1tku omezeno na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed, m\u00edsta, \u010dasov\u00e1 obdob\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edjemce. Centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka v\u0161ak v\u00fdslovn\u011b paraleln\u011b vyv\u00edj\u00ed a testuje tzv. podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00e9 platby. V tomto syst\u00e9mu jsou pen\u00edze technicky rezervov\u00e1ny a uvoln\u011bny pouze po spln\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edem definovan\u00fdch podm\u00ednek \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad po potvrzen\u00e9m dod\u00e1n\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed. Technicky lze tedy platbu skute\u010dn\u011b zadr\u017eet, automaticky spustit nebo uvolnit.<\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky si u\u017eivatel dobrovoln\u011b zvol\u00ed a nab\u00eddnou je soukrom\u00ed poskytovatel\u00e9 platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb. Hranice mezi povolen\u00fdmi podm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdmi platbami a zak\u00e1zan\u00fdm programov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ak nele\u017e\u00ed v technick\u00e9 infrastruktu\u0159e, ale v platn\u00e9m regula\u010dn\u00edm r\u00e1mci. O tomto r\u00e1mci rozhoduj\u00ed tyt\u00e9\u017e politick\u00e9 instituce, kter\u00e9 tak\u00e9 stanovuj\u00ed limity dr\u017een\u00ed a hodlaj\u00ed diktovat, jak dlouho mohou spole\u010dnosti dr\u017eet digit\u00e1ln\u00ed eura. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou tedy nen\u00ed, zda je digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro ji\u017e vybaveno rozpo\u010dtem na CO2 nebo datem expirace (nap\u0159. jako \u201ezmen\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed se m\u011bna\u201c W\u00f6rglu). Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je, aby byl vytvo\u0159en technick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, aby budouc\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161iny mohly pravidla zm\u011bnit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod z\u00e1minkou ochrany klimatu, boje proti terorismu, da\u0148ov\u00e9 spravedlnosti nebo nov\u00e9 krize lze v\u017edy politicky ospravedlnit dal\u0161\u00ed intervence. Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt omezeno na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed produkty, vl\u00e1dn\u00ed dotace by mohly m\u00edt datum platnosti a platby sankcionovan\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016fm by mohly b\u00fdt automaticky blokov\u00e1ny. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 z t\u011bchto aplikac\u00ed v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nen\u00ed sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed dohodnut\u00e9 vyjedn\u00e1vac\u00ed pozice. Syst\u00e9m schopn\u00fd rezervovat finan\u010dn\u00ed prost\u0159edky, ov\u011b\u0159ovat podm\u00ednky a automaticky prov\u00e1d\u011bt platby v\u0161ak poskytuje nezbytn\u00fd z\u00e1klad. Bankovku nelze zp\u011btn\u011b p\u0159eprogramovat. Centr\u00e1ln\u011b spravovanou digit\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu ano.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sl\u00edben\u00e9 standardy ochrany osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00fdhradn\u011b na technick\u00fdch specifikac\u00edch a politick\u00fdch regulac\u00edch. Zat\u00edmco offline platby maj\u00ed nab\u00edzet soukrom\u00ed podobn\u00e9 hotovostn\u00edm, banky a poskytovatel\u00e9 platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb i nad\u00e1le mohou identifikovat u\u017eivatele v online platb\u00e1ch \u2013 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za \u00fa\u010delem boje proti pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz a financov\u00e1n\u00ed terorismu. Samotn\u00e1 ECB by nem\u011bla dost\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edmo identifikovateln\u00e9 osobn\u00ed \u00fadaje. \u201eOchrana osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f ji\u017e v n\u00e1vrhu\u201c v\u0161ak nen\u00ed nem\u011bnnou hranic\u00ed, ale volbou n\u00e1vrhu. Volby n\u00e1vrhu lze v dob\u011b krize zm\u011bnit, v\u00fdjimky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it a p\u0159\u00edstupov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it. N\u011bco takov\u00e9ho by rozhodn\u011b nebylo nic nov\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pen\u00edze nepot\u0159ebuj\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00ed vod\u00edtko.<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tento syst\u00e9m nem\u00e1 nic spole\u010dn\u00e9ho s voln\u011b dostupnou, st\u00e1tem vydanou hotovost\u00ed. Bankovka nevy\u017eaduje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd u\u017eivatelsk\u00fd \u00fa\u010det, nezanech\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou automaticky sledovatelnou stopu transakce a lze ji uchov\u00e1vat neomezen\u011b dlouho. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk nediktuje, kolik bankovek m\u016f\u017ee ob\u010dan dr\u017eet ve sv\u00e9 pen\u011b\u017eence nebo trezoru. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 spole\u010dnost nen\u00ed povinna p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt p\u0159ijat\u00e9 bankovky na \u00fa\u010det komer\u010dn\u00ed banky po 24 hodin\u00e1ch. A \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banka nem\u016f\u017ee ji\u017e vydanou bankovku zablokovat stisknut\u00edm tla\u010d\u00edtka ani stanovit nov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro jej\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty m\u011bly po v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00ed formu vl\u00e1dou vyd\u00e1van\u00e9 hotovosti.\u00a0<\/span>Tyto takzvan\u00e9 \u201ebankovky Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c nebo \u201ez\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0byly vyd\u00e1v\u00e1ny p\u0159\u00edmo americk\u00fdm ministerstvem financ\u00ed od roku 1862 a byly identifikovateln\u00e9 podle sv\u00e9 \u010derven\u00e9 pe\u010deti. Na rozd\u00edl od pozd\u011bji dominantn\u00edch \u201ebankovek Feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rezervn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu\u201c se nejednalo o bankovky vydan\u00e9 americkou centr\u00e1ln\u00ed bankou, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e o bezprost\u0159edn\u00ed z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. V ob\u011bhu z\u016fstaly a\u017e do roku 1971 a star\u0161\u00ed bankovky jsou obecn\u011b platn\u00e9 dodnes. Jednalo se o fyzickou hotovost bez osobn\u00ed pen\u011b\u017eenky, digit\u00e1ln\u00edho identifika\u010dn\u00edho \u00fa\u010dtu nebo politicky stanoven\u00e9ho limitu dr\u017een\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tyto vl\u00e1dn\u00ed bankovky jsou \u010dasto spojov\u00e1ny s Johnem F. Kennedym a jeho\u00a0<\/span>v\u00fdkonn\u00fdm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm 11110<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z \u010dervna 1963. Historicky v\u0161ak \u201ebankovky Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f\u201c nebyly vytvo\u0159eny Kennedym, ale existovaly ji\u017e od ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. Kennedyho na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed p\u0159eneslo st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed pravomoc vyd\u00e1vat st\u0159\u00edbrn\u00e9 certifik\u00e1ty na ministra financ\u00ed. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed rozd\u00edl v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1: St\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee vyd\u00e1vat z\u00e1konn\u00e9 platidlo, ani\u017e by z n\u011bj ud\u011blal n\u00e1stroj digit\u00e1ln\u00edho dohledu a kontroly. Vl\u00e1dn\u00ed pen\u00edze a digit\u00e1ln\u00ed pen\u00edze centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky nejsou tot\u00e9\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto srovn\u00e1n\u00ed zejm\u00e9na odhaluje narativ, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro je nezbytn\u00e9 k tomu, aby ob\u010dan\u00e9 op\u011bt m\u011bli p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k ve\u0159ejn\u00fdm pen\u011bz\u016fm. Pokud by c\u00edlem bylo skute\u010dn\u011b pouze poskytnout st\u00e1tem vyd\u00e1van\u00fd platebn\u00ed prost\u0159edek vedle bankovn\u00edch vklad\u016f, mohla by b\u00fdt hotovost pos\u00edlena, jej\u00ed akceptace zaru\u010dena a jej\u00ed dostupnost roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ena. M\u00edsto toho proud\u00ed miliardy do infrastruktury, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee registrovat ka\u017ed\u00e9ho u\u017eivatele, omezit z\u016fstatky a technicky automatizovat platby. Brusel zjevn\u011b nechce jen st\u00e1tn\u00ed pen\u00edze. Brusel chce kontrolovateln\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed pen\u00edze.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby byl projekt i nad\u00e1le prodejn\u00fd, Parlament sou\u010dasn\u011b projedn\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kon na ochranu bankovek a minc\u00ed. Obchodn\u00edci ji\u017e nebudou moci kategoricky vylu\u010dovat hotovost ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201e\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 hotovost\u201c, zat\u00edmco \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty budou muset sledovat jej\u00ed dostupnost. Zpravodaj Fernando Navarrete Rojas uji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro pouze dopln\u00ed hotovost a nikdy ji nenahrad\u00ed. Bez tohoto slibu by byl projekt politicky neprovediteln\u00fd. Z\u00e1kon schv\u00e1len\u00fd dnes v\u0161ak nebr\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00ed parlamentn\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b v op\u011btovn\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b pravidel.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jakmile si miliony lid\u00ed zvyknou na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro, obchodn\u00edci budou povinni ho p\u0159ij\u00edmat a banky budou technicky propojeny, hotovost ji\u017e nebude pro fungov\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9mu pot\u0159eba. Pak budou sta\u010dit zn\u00e1m\u00e1 ospravedln\u011bn\u00ed k dal\u0161\u00edmu omezen\u00ed jeho pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed: pran\u00ed \u0161pinav\u00fdch pen\u011bz, da\u0148ov\u00e9 \u00faniky, kriminalita, \u00fadajn\u00e1 hygienick\u00e1 rizika nebo nadm\u011brn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Hotovost pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nezmiz\u00ed v jeden den. Postupn\u011b se stane nepraktickou, odsune se a nakonec bude vyl\u00ed\u010dena jako nadbyte\u010dn\u00e1 relikvie.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna ji\u017e dlouho ukazuje, kam m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st kombinace digit\u00e1ln\u00edch centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bankovn\u00edch pen\u011bz, identifikace a st\u00e1tem stanoven\u00fdch limit\u016f. S digit\u00e1ln\u00edm j\u00fcanem z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed u\u017eivatel\u00e9 s mal\u00fdmi pen\u011b\u017eenkami v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed anonymitu, ale mus\u00ed akceptovat ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed limity z\u016fstatk\u016f a transakc\u00ed. Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed cht\u011bj\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1d\u011bt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1stky, mus\u00ed sd\u011blit v\u00edce osobn\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f. \u010c\u00edna tak vytvo\u0159ila syst\u00e9m, v n\u011bm\u017e se finan\u010dn\u00ed svoboda postupn\u011b vym\u011b\u0148uje za identitu a st\u00e1tn\u00ed autorizaci. Evropa tento model zcela nep\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 \u2013 ale s politicky ur\u010den\u00fdmi limity dr\u017een\u00ed, registrovan\u00fdmi online platbami a centr\u00e1ln\u011b \u0159\u00edzenou infrastrukturou se ub\u00edr\u00e1 stejn\u00fdm sm\u011brem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed skute\u010dnou z\u00e1vislost Evropy na americk\u00fdch platebn\u00edch gigantech, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e ji nahrazuje komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1vislost\u00ed na st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontrole. Visa a Mastercard mohou \u00fa\u010dtovat poplatky, vylu\u010dovat u\u017eivatele a blokovat transakce. Brusel v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 pravomoc ur\u010dovat povolen\u00fd limit z\u016fstatku, pravidla p\u0159\u00edstupu, po\u017eadavky na akceptaci a technickou architekturu pen\u011bz. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 chr\u00e1n\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed banky p\u0159ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm odchodem ob\u010dan\u016f z jejich syst\u00e9mu elektronick\u00fdch pen\u011bz. Kontrola se nejen p\u0159esouv\u00e1 z americk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed na evropsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady \u2013 je d\u00e1le roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n

U fyzick\u00e9 hotovosti pat\u0159\u00ed bankovka osob\u011b, kter\u00e1 ji vlastn\u00ed. U digit\u00e1ln\u00edho eura ob\u010dan vlastn\u00ed pouze to, co mu syst\u00e9m poskytuje: omezen\u00fd z\u016fstatek, v r\u00e1mci p\u0159edem stanoven\u00fdch pravidel a na infrastruktu\u0159e kontrolovan\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi. Nejde o modernizaci hotovosti. Jde o zru\u0161en\u00ed jej\u00ed svobody.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Brusel prod\u00e1v\u00e1 digit\u00e1ln\u00ed euro jako v\u00fdjimku z platebn\u00edch slu\u017eeb Visa, Mastercard a dal\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch platebn\u00edch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111605,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[4828,41,45],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111604"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111604"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111604\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111605"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111604"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111604"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111604"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}