{"id":111584,"date":"2026-07-26T00:15:27","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T22:15:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111584"},"modified":"2026-07-25T12:01:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T10:01:47","slug":"larry-c-johnson-amerika-vi-o-jaderne-energii-jen-ji-uz-nemuze-stavet-at-se-to-rekne-saudum","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/26\/larry-c-johnson-amerika-vi-o-jaderne-energii-jen-ji-uz-nemuze-stavet-at-se-to-rekne-saudum\/","title":{"rendered":"Larry C. Johnson: Amerika v\u00ed o jadern\u00e9 energii. Jen ji u\u017e nem\u016f\u017ee stav\u011bt. A\u0165 se to \u0159ekne Sa\u00fad\u016fm"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Donald Trump se tento t\u00fdden kr\u00e1tce dostal na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nky novin sv\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem na civiln\u00ed jadernou spolupr\u00e1ci se Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 by zahrnovala podporu p\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b jadern\u00fdch reaktor\u016f s vyu\u017eit\u00edm americk\u00e9 technologie. To v\u0161ak sotva lze nazvat novinkou. Jedn\u00e1n\u00ed mezi USA a Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed o form\u00e1ln\u00ed dohod\u011b o civiln\u00ed jadern\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ci (zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako \u201eDohoda 123\u201c podle americk\u00e9ho z\u00e1kona o atomov\u00e9 energii) prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ji\u017e l\u00e9ta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Trumpovo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed neobvykle (a podivn\u011b) t\u00edm, \u017ee trv\u00e1 na tom, \u017ee Sa\u00fadov\u00e9 mus\u00ed podepsat Abrahamovy dohody, aby dohodu uzav\u0159eli. A to dohodu zni\u010d\u00ed, pokud Sa\u00fadov\u00e9 budou trvat na sv\u00e9m postoji, \u017ee p\u0159ed p\u0159ijet\u00edm Abrahamov\u00fdch dohod mus\u00ed existovat palestinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje v\u0161ak je\u0161t\u011b jeden, z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed d\u016fvod, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl Sa\u00fad\u016fm d\u00e1t podn\u011bt k rozmy\u0161len\u00ed, ne\u017e sv\u011b\u0159\u00ed svou jadernou budoucnost USA… Americk\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti s v\u00fdstavbou jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren byly naprost\u00fdm debaklem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V borov\u00fdch les\u00edch v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Georgie za\u010daly loni kone\u010dn\u011b dv\u011b mohutn\u00e9 betonov\u00e9 kopule \u0161t\u011bpit atomy \u2013 dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed pot\u00e9, co byly poprv\u00e9 zkonstruov\u00e1ny. Bloky 3 a 4 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Vogtle st\u00e1ly v\u00edce ne\u017e 30 miliard dolar\u016f, byly postaveny o sedm let pozd\u011bji a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159ivedly sv\u00e9ho stavitele k bankrotu. Z technick\u00e9ho hlediska jsou to in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e1 mistrovsk\u00e1 d\u00edla. Jsou ale tak\u00e9 n\u00e1hrobkem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vogtle je prvn\u00edm nov\u00fdm americk\u00fdm jadern\u00fdm projektem, kter\u00fd p\u0159ekro\u010dil c\u00edlovou p\u00e1sku za v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159icet let. Ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed jich \u010c\u00edna postavila \u0161edes\u00e1t. Rusko vybudovalo glob\u00e1ln\u00ed imp\u00e9rium. A Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \u2013 n\u00e1rod, kter\u00fd v roce 1957 uvedl do provozu prvn\u00ed komer\u010dn\u00ed reaktor, kter\u00fd zdokonalil lehkovodn\u00ed konstrukci, kterou sv\u011bt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 dodnes, kter\u00fd kdysi zvl\u00e1dl atom i mikro\u010dip \u2013 zapomn\u011bl, jak se lije beton, oh\u00fdb\u00e1 ocel a vyva\u017euje knihy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00fd v\u011bk vstupuje do nov\u00e9 kapitoly. S bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edmi se term\u00edny pro spln\u011bn\u00ed klimatick\u00fdch po\u017eadavk\u016f a energetickou bezpe\u010dnost\u00ed znepokojuj\u00ed z\u00e1padn\u00ed metropole. Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 si skute\u010dn\u011b mohou postavit jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, zji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed, \u017ee jadern\u00e1 energie u\u017e nen\u00ed jen o elekt\u0159in\u011b. Je to p\u00e1kov\u00fd efekt. A pr\u00e1v\u011b te\u010f Amerika sed\u00ed stranou s hromadou brilantn\u00edch pl\u00e1n\u016f, kter\u00e9 si nem\u016f\u017ee dovolit realizovat.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Laboratorn\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 a ochrann\u00e1 helma<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo proch\u00e1z\u00ed chodbami N\u00e1rodn\u00ed laborato\u0159e v Idahu nebo kancel\u00e1\u0159emi kter\u00e9hokoli z tuctu jadern\u00fdch startup\u016f v Silicon Valley, okam\u017eit\u011b poc\u00edt\u00ed americkou nad\u0159azenost. USA navrhuj\u00ed reaktory, kter\u00e9 se vzn\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed, reaktory, kter\u00e9 se vejdou na n\u00e1kladn\u00ed automobily, reaktory, kter\u00e9 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed na vyho\u0159el\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 palivo. Ministerstvo energetiky financuje pokro\u010dil\u00e9 demonstra\u010dn\u00ed projekty od Wyomingu po st\u00e1t Washington. Komise pro jadern\u00fd dozor (NRC) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00edm zlat\u00fdm standardem bezpe\u010dnosti \u2013 kop\u00edrovan\u00fdm, respektovan\u00fdm a ob\u00e1van\u00fdm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale inovace bez lod\u011bnice je pouhou patentovou p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161kou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Debakl s Vogtle ilustruje tento \u00fapadek. Co m\u011blo b\u00fdt znovuzrozen\u00edm \u2013 Westinghouse AP1000, bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed konstrukce generace III+ \u2013 se stalo krv\u00e1cej\u00edc\u00ed r\u00e1nou. Dodavatel\u00e9 selhali. Stavebn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny dorazily ne\u00fapln\u00e9. Kapacita pro t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 kovan\u00e9 reaktorov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby se p\u0159esunula do z\u00e1mo\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let. Zku\u0161en\u00ed sv\u00e1\u0159e\u010di a instalat\u00e9\u0159i potrub\u00ed ode\u0161li do d\u016fchodu a nikdo neza\u0161kolil jejich n\u00e1stupce. Ka\u017ed\u00fd probl\u00e9m zp\u016fsobil zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed; ka\u017ed\u00e9 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nafouklo rozpo\u010det. Ne\u017e kone\u010dn\u011b za\u010daly proudit prvn\u00ed nov\u00e9 watty, odhad se zdvojn\u00e1sobil, Westinghouse vyhl\u00e1sil bankrot a v\u0161ichni dodavatel\u00e9 energetick\u00fdch slu\u017eeb, kte\u0159\u00ed situaci sledovali, ti\u0161e odstranili slovo \u201ejadern\u00fd\u201c ze sv\u00e9ho slovn\u00edku.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA mohou navrhnout z\u00e1zrak, ale nemohou postavit dv\u011b identick\u00e9 v\u011bci, ani\u017e by s ka\u017edou z nich zach\u00e1zely jako s v\u011bdeck\u00fdm projektem na m\u00edru.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Rusk\u00fd reaktorov\u00fd byznys<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Zat\u00edmco se Amerika h\u00e1dala sama se sebou, Moskva budovala n\u011bco jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00edho: prodejn\u00ed stroj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rosatom, rusk\u00fd st\u00e1tn\u00ed jadern\u00fd gigant, neprod\u00e1v\u00e1 jen reaktory. Prod\u00e1v\u00e1 vztahy. Pot\u0159ebujete elektr\u00e1rnu? Rosatom ji pl\u00e1nuje, financuje, stav\u00ed, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 palivem, \u0161kol\u00ed oper\u00e1tory a odstra\u0148uje odpad. Bal\u00ed\u010dek je dod\u00e1v\u00e1n s n\u00edzko\u00faro\u010den\u00fdmi \u00fav\u011bry od rusk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch bank a geopolitick\u00fdm mrknut\u00edm: Budeme va\u0161\u00edm energetick\u00fdm partnerem po \u0161edes\u00e1t let. Podepi\u0161te zde.<\/span><\/p>\n

Samotn\u00fd produkt \u2013 VWER-1200 \u2013 nen\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00ed. Je to solidn\u00ed, evolu\u010dn\u011b funguj\u00edc\u00ed tlakovodn\u00ed reaktor, kter\u00fd se Rosatom nau\u010dil efektivn\u011b stav\u011bt doma a replikovat v zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Pro kupuj\u00edc\u00ed od Turecka p\u0159es Egypt a\u017e po Banglad\u00e9\u0161 je neodolateln\u00fd jistota, kterou Moskva nab\u00edz\u00ed v odv\u011btv\u00ed, kde je jistota vz\u00e1cnost\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00ed chaotick\u00fd soukrom\u00fd akcion\u00e1\u0159. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd labyrint podobn\u00fd NRC. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 pocen\u00ed p\u0159edstavenstva energetick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed z toho, jak se \u010dtvrtletn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky st\u0159et\u00e1vaj\u00ed s betonem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky mluv\u00ed samy za sebe. Rosatom v sou\u010dasnosti kontroluje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 70 procent glob\u00e1ln\u00edho trhu s exportem reaktor\u016f. Jeho objedn\u00e1vkov\u00e1 kniha se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 na \u010dty\u0159ech kontinentech. A proto\u017ee Rusko tak\u00e9 obohacuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 polovinu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho paliva pro reaktory, jeho z\u00e1kazn\u00edci rychle zjist\u00ed, \u017ee koup\u011b elektr\u00e1rny byla jen za\u010d\u00e1tkem jejich z\u00e1vislosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

V podstat\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd podvod \u2013 takov\u00fd, kter\u00fd Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pomohly vynal\u00e9zt a pak se ho zbavily.<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 tov\u00e1rn\u00ed hala<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Kdy\u017e Rusko hraje \u0161achy, \u010c\u00edna hraje masovou v\u00fdrobu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pekingsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program za\u010dal jako dovozce technologi\u00ed, student opisuj\u00edc\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed \u00fakoly od Francouz\u016f, Rus\u016f a Ameri\u010dan\u016f. Dnes je to nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed u\u010debna na sv\u011bt\u011b \u2013 a jej\u00ed u\u010ditel. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b v tomto stolet\u00ed nepostavila v\u00edce reaktor\u016f. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 zem\u011b v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u00e1 v\u00edce reaktor\u016f ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Motorem je Hualong One, samostatn\u00fd design generace III+, kter\u00fd se zrodil z let trp\u011bliv\u00e9ho reverzn\u00edho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a st\u00e1tem \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 integrace. Proto\u017ee \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u00fdrobci reaktor\u016f, regula\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, banky a ocel\u00e1rny jsou v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku odpov\u011bdn\u00ed stejn\u00e9mu \u00fast\u0159ed\u00ed komunistick\u00e9 strany, m\u016f\u017ee zem\u011b vynucovat standardizaci s bezohlednost\u00ed, kter\u00e1 je na fragmentovan\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch trz\u00edch nemo\u017en\u00e1. Kdy\u017e \u010c\u00edna stav\u00ed Hualong One, stav\u00ed tent\u00fd\u017e Hualong One \u2013 znovu a znovu. K\u0159ivka u\u010den\u00ed je strm\u00e1, \u010dasov\u00e9 harmonogramy jsou p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9 \u2013 zhruba p\u011bt a\u017e \u0161est let od v\u00fdkopu po p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti \u2013 a n\u00e1klady pat\u0159\u00ed k nejni\u017e\u0161\u00edm na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Peking nyn\u00ed tento model vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. V r\u00e1mci sv\u00e9 iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed banky replikuj\u00ed postup Rosatomu a nab\u00edzej\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny na kl\u00ed\u010d a v\u00e1zan\u00e9 financov\u00e1n\u00ed P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu, Argentin\u011b a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b Sa\u00fadsk\u00e9 Ar\u00e1bii, stejn\u011b jako velk\u00fdm \u010d\u00e1stem St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie. Americk\u00fd jadern\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, su\u017eovan\u00fd nedostatkem exportn\u00edho financov\u00e1n\u00ed a paralyzovan\u00fd t\u0159emi desetilet\u00edmi dom\u00e1c\u00ed ne\u010dinnosti, nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou ekvivalentn\u00ed nab\u00eddku.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Geopolitick\u00fd reaktor<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Tohle nen\u00ed jen komer\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh. Je to strategick\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny nejsou v\u011btrn\u00e9 farmy. Jsou to z\u00e1vazky na \u0161edes\u00e1t let. Vy\u017eaduj\u00ed palivo, n\u00e1hradn\u00ed d\u00edly, technickou podporu a diplomatickou stabilitu po cel\u00e9 generace. St\u00e1t, kter\u00fd stav\u00ed reaktor na ciz\u00ed p\u016fd\u011b, neprod\u00e1v\u00e1 elekt\u0159inu; vzty\u010duje vlajku. Rusko to pochopilo brzy. \u010c\u00edna se to u\u010d\u00ed rychle. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se navzdory sv\u00fdm obrovsk\u00fdm bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edm z\u00e1jm\u016fm na stabiln\u00edch trz\u00edch s n\u00edzkouhl\u00edkovou energi\u00ed fakticky st\u00e1hly z pole.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington se nejist\u011b sna\u017e\u00ed zm\u011bnit kurz. Do demonstrac\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch reaktor\u016f proud\u00ed miliardy nov\u00fdch feder\u00e1ln\u00edch fond\u016f. Pot\u00e9, co si politici p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 pozd\u011b uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee rusk\u00e9 palivo udr\u017euje americk\u00e9 reaktory v chodu, prob\u00edhaj\u00ed snahy o obnovu dom\u00e1c\u00edho obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu. Startupy s n\u00e1zvy jako TerraPower a NuScale slibuj\u00ed budoucnost, v n\u00ed\u017e budou reaktory mal\u00e9, modul\u00e1rn\u00ed a vyr\u00e1b\u011bn\u00e9 v tov\u00e1rn\u00e1ch \u2013 a objdou tak stavebn\u00ed giganty, kte\u0159\u00ed pohltili Vogtle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale nad\u011bje nen\u00ed strategie. A stavebn\u00ed pl\u00e1ny nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed diplomatick\u00fd vliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nep\u0159\u00edjemnou pravdou je, \u017ee p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed jadern\u00e9 expanze budou ps\u00e1na p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b v cyrilici a mandar\u00edn\u0161tin\u011b \u2013 pokud Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nenajdou zp\u016fsob, jak prom\u011bnit svou laboratorn\u00ed genialitu v hodiny pr\u00e1ce v bagru. Nesta\u010d\u00ed vynal\u00e9zt reaktor budoucnosti. N\u011bkdo st\u00e1le pot\u0159ebuje vyl\u00edt z\u00e1klady \u2013 dvakr\u00e1t a dostate\u010dn\u011b levn\u011b, aby ministr financ\u00ed zahrani\u010d\u00ed \u0159ekl ano, m\u00edsto aby p\u0159ijal hovor z Moskvy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Atom se zrodil v Americe. Zda z\u016fstane americk\u00fdm, z\u00e1vis\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u00e9n\u011b na fyzic\u00edch ne\u017e na instalat\u00e9rech potrub\u00ed, projektov\u00fdch mana\u017eerech a politick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd je ochoten vn\u00edmat v\u00fdstavbu jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren jako n\u00e1rodn\u00ed infrastrukturu a ne jako hazard na Wall Street.<\/span><\/p>\n

Beton v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b tuhne v Rusku a \u010c\u00edn\u011b. USA st\u00e1le \u010dekaj\u00ed na stavebn\u00ed povolen\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud Trump nenab\u00eddne jako sou\u010d\u00e1st dohody instalaci zlat\u00fdch toalet zdarma, Sa\u00fadov\u00e9 by se mo\u017en\u00e1 m\u011bli s Rusy nebo \u010c\u00ed\u0148any bavit a zv\u00e1\u017eit dohodu, kter\u00e1 by od nich nevy\u017eadovala, aby se pod\u0159izovali Bibimu Netanjahuovi.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Donald Trump se tento t\u00fdden kr\u00e1tce dostal na tituln\u00ed str\u00e1nky novin sv\u00fdm n\u00e1vrhem na civiln\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[183,4350,452,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111584"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111584"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111584\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}