{"id":111569,"date":"2026-07-25T09:03:04","date_gmt":"2026-07-25T07:03:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111569"},"modified":"2026-07-25T09:03:04","modified_gmt":"2026-07-25T07:03:04","slug":"konec-americke-potravinove-supervelmoci-vzestup-brazilskeho-zemedelstvi-uprostred-trumpovych-cel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/25\/konec-americke-potravinove-supervelmoci-vzestup-brazilskeho-zemedelstvi-uprostred-trumpovych-cel\/","title":{"rendered":"Konec americk\u00e9 potravinov\u00e9 supervelmoci? Vzestup brazilsk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed uprost\u0159ed Trumpov\u00fdch cel"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Trumpova cla na Braz\u00edlii p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy se tento jihoamerick\u00fd gigant bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm jako\u017eto p\u0159edn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd v\u00fdvozce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f. Vzestup Braz\u00edlie jako zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 velmoci ukazuje, jak se produkce potravin stala strategick\u00fdm zdrojem energie a pro\u010d m\u00e1 daleko za hranicemi glob\u00e1ln\u00edch komoditn\u00edch trh\u016f.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Uprost\u0159ed cel a obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky se Braz\u00edlie bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00fd v\u00fdvozce zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f. V roce 2025 dos\u00e1hl americk\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd export 171 miliard dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco Braz\u00edlie vyk\u00e1zala\u00a0<\/span>169,2 miliardy dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u2013 co\u017e je rozd\u00edl\u00a0<\/span>pouh\u00fdch 2 miliard dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0po letech, kdy tento rozd\u00edl \u010dinil 56 miliard dolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jen v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2026 dos\u00e1hl brazilsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoz zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f\u00a0<\/span>rekordn\u00edch 87 miliard dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje n\u00e1r\u016fst o 6 procent, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm d\u00edky s\u00f3jov\u00fdm bob\u016fm, hov\u011bz\u00edmu a ku\u0159ec\u00edmu masu, bavln\u011b a k\u00e1v\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Financial Times ned\u00e1vno popsal tento posun jako \u201e\u00a0<\/span>p\u00e1d americk\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 supervelmoci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a poznamenal, jak se \u010c\u00edna siln\u011b\u00a0<\/span>orientovala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na brazilsk\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento m\u00e1lo diskutovan\u00fd aspekt \u00fapadku Ameriky jako\u017eto supervelmoci p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed v delik\u00e1tn\u00ed chv\u00edli: prezident Donald Trump zavedl nov\u00e1 cla na brazilsk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b spojen\u00e1 s obavami z nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a nekal\u00fdmi obchodn\u00edmi praktikami. Brazil\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>ozna\u010dili<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tato opat\u0159en\u00ed za \u201esv\u00e9voln\u00e1\u201c a \u201eneopr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e1\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monica de Bolle, vedouc\u00ed pracovnice Petersonova institutu pro mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed ekonomii,\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce proti Braz\u00edlii se ve skute\u010dnosti net\u00fdk\u00e1 nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e \u201epo\u017eadavek USA, aby se Braz\u00edlie zapojila do americk\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nov\u00e1 americk\u00e1 cla ohro\u017euj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159etinu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0brazilsk\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho obchodu, zasahuj\u00ed export zhruba za\u00a0<\/span>11 miliard dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a prohlubuj\u00ed pokles obchodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jist\u011b, brazilsk\u00fd zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fd vzestup nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm d\u016fvodem zaveden\u00ed cel; nejsou pouze reakc\u00ed na to, \u017ee se zem\u011b stala zem\u011bd\u011blskou supervelmoc\u00ed. Odr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed konvergenci hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 konkurence, geopolitick\u00e9 rivality a americk\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 politiky. Vzestup Braz\u00edlie z n\u00ed u\u010dinil v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho konkurenta, a t\u00edm zv\u00fd\u0161il v\u00fdznam jak\u00e9hokoli obchodn\u00edho sporu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee tento jihoamerick\u00fd st\u00e1t z\u00edskal zna\u010dn\u00fd pod\u00edl na trhu\u00a0<\/span>\u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b kv\u016fli<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu obchodn\u00edmu nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou. Kdy\u017e Washington b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho Trumpova funk\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed uvalil cla na \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 zbo\u017e\u00ed, Peking\u00a0<\/span>reagoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sn\u00ed\u017een\u00edm n\u00e1kup\u016f americk\u00e9 s\u00f3ji a dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch produkt\u016f. \u010c\u00edna se pot\u00e9 obr\u00e1tila na Braz\u00edlii. Do roku 2025 dod\u00e1vala\u00a0<\/span>do \u010c\u00edny v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 milion\u016f tun s\u00f3ji<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, co\u017e je v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e USA (\u00a0<\/span>m\u00e9n\u011b ne\u017e 10 milion\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato zem\u011b tak prohloubila sv\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed vazby s \u010c\u00ednou a stala se st\u00e1le d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed potravinovou bezpe\u010dnost. Washington v tomto posunu nep\u0159ekvapiv\u011b vid\u00ed rizika.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 cla proto neodr\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed jen bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed spor, ale \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed snahu americk\u00e9 supervelmoci o zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed konkurence ve st\u00e1le v\u00edce multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice, zat\u00edmco americk\u00e1 potravinov\u00e1 s\u00edla kles\u00e1. \u00dasp\u011bch Braz\u00edlie z n\u00ed u\u010dinil v\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho strategick\u00e9ho konkurenta, i kdy\u017e to nen\u00ed uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00fd d\u016fvod pro zaveden\u00ed cel.<\/span><\/p>\n

To tak\u00e9 odhaluje b\u011b\u017enou mylnou p\u0159edstavu: zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 produkce pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b zem\u00edm \u201et\u0159et\u00edho sv\u011bta\u201c. Zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je \u010dasto spojov\u00e1no s rozvojov\u00fdmi ekonomikami, proto\u017ee mnoho chud\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed je siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na exportu surovin. B\u00fdt skute\u010dnou potravinovou supervelmoc\u00ed je v\u0161ak n\u011bco zcela jin\u00e9ho: znamen\u00e1 to m\u00edt schopnost u\u017eivit stovky milion\u016f lid\u00ed nad r\u00e1mec vlastn\u00ed populace a st\u00e1t se nepostradateln\u00fdm pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed trhy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Potraviny jsou strategick\u00fdm zdrojem, kter\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00e1 zem\u011b pot\u0159ebuje ka\u017ed\u00fd den, bez ohledu na ekonomick\u00e9 cykly. St\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 kontroluj\u00ed velk\u00e9 pod\u00edly obil\u00ed, masa, s\u00f3ji, hnojiv nebo jedl\u00fdch olej\u016f, t\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed trvalou v\u00fdhodu. Naru\u0161en\u00ed ekonomiky m\u016f\u017ee vyvolat inflaci, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed nepokoje a dokonce i politickou nestabilitu v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Historicky byla americk\u00e1 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 dominance tak\u00e9 pil\u00ed\u0159em jej\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed moci, dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm jej\u00ed vojenskou, finan\u010dn\u00ed a technologickou s\u00edlu. B\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky slou\u017eil v\u00fdvoz potravin jako n\u00e1stroj diplomacie a n\u00e1tlaku. D\u00edla jako \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Food Power: The Rise and Fall of the Postwar American Food System<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c a \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Agrarian Superpower<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c podrobn\u011b popisuj\u00ed, jak Washington tento n\u00e1stroj nasadil na sv\u011btov\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00e9ma \u201epotravinov\u00e9 s\u00edly\u201c se v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b dostalo na povrch, zejm\u00e9na v kontextu obchodn\u00ed v\u00e1lky mezi USA a \u010c\u00ednou, kde se potraviny uk\u00e1zaly jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>zbra\u0148<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c. Jde o to, \u017ee v 21. stolet\u00ed nen\u00ed supervelmoc jen ta, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee prom\u00edtnout vojenskou s\u00edlu nebo dominovat financ\u00edm. Je to tak\u00e9 ta, kter\u00e1 dok\u00e1\u017ee zajistit kritick\u00e9 dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, v\u010detn\u011b potravin. V dob\u011b klimatick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, popula\u010dn\u00edho r\u016fstu a geopolitick\u00e9 fragmentace se schopnost spolehliv\u011b vyr\u00e1b\u011bt a vyv\u00e1\u017eet potraviny st\u00e1v\u00e1 st\u00e1le cenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, i kdy\u017e \u010dasto nedocen\u011bn\u00fdm, zdrojem n\u00e1rodn\u00ed s\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Potraviny tak ji\u017e nejsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny pouze jako komodita, ale jako strategick\u00e9 aktivum srovnateln\u00e9 s energi\u00ed, technologiemi a kritick\u00fdmi miner\u00e1ly. Kontrola nad produkc\u00ed a v\u00fdvozem proto zvy\u0161uje odolnost st\u00e1tu, jeho diplomatick\u00fd vliv a s\u00edlu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku brazilsk\u00fd vzestup zd\u016fraz\u0148uje p\u0159echod od glob\u00e1ln\u00edho obchodn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na Washington k polycentri\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu. Zem\u011b jako Braz\u00edlie nyn\u00ed disponuj\u00ed dostate\u010dnou tr\u017en\u00ed silou, aby obchodn\u00edm spor\u016fm dodaly geopolitick\u00fd i ekonomick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpova cla nav\u00edc zapadaj\u00ed do trendu obnoven\u00e9ho tlaku na Braz\u00edlii, v\u010detn\u011b mo\u017en\u00e9ho\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Jak jsem ji\u017e\u00a0<\/span>poznamenal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, d\u011bje se tak v kontextu obnoven\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu Monroeovy doktr\u00edny (\u201eneomonroismus\u201c).<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bdom\u00e1c\u00ed faktory. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i, jedna z Trumpov\u00fdch nejv\u011brn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch politick\u00fdch voli\u010d\u016f, \u010del\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9m\u016fm:\u00a0<\/span>vstupn\u00ed n\u00e1klady<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jsou podstatn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e u brazilsk\u00fdch prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016f a mar\u017ee se sn\u00ed\u017eily. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed producenti st\u00e1le generuj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 \u00farody, ale n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny, obchodn\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed a ztracen\u00fd pod\u00edl na trhu zp\u016fsobily t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u010dasy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato latinskoamerick\u00e1 zem\u011b naopak t\u011b\u017e\u00ed z n\u011bkolika sklizn\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b, levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u016fdy v mnoha regionech a genetick\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00fdch jej\u00edmu klimatu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzestup Braz\u00edlie zjevn\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se zhroutily jako zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e1 velmoc \u2013 st\u00e1le je p\u016fsobiv\u00fd. Trend je v\u0161ak jasn\u00fd a zat\u00edm sm\u011b\u0159uje ve prosp\u011bch pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch brazilsk\u00fdch zisk\u016f. Cla sice mohou zpomalit bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed obchod, ale je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by zvr\u00e1tila hlub\u0161\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed posuny na glob\u00e1ln\u00edch trz\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato epizoda n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1, \u017ee v dne\u0161n\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b se s\u00edla zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo prom\u00edt\u00e1 do geopolitick\u00e9 v\u00e1hy. S fragmentac\u00ed dodavatelsk\u00fdch \u0159et\u011bzc\u016f a zesiluj\u00edc\u00ed konkurenc\u00ed mezi velmocemi bude m\u00edt potravinov\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnost st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam, a to daleko za hranice cen komodit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trumpova cla na Braz\u00edlii p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed v dob\u011b, kdy se tento jihoamerick\u00fd gigant bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111570,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,288,1026,452],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111569"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111569"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111569\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111570"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111569"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111569"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111569"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}