{"id":111489,"date":"2026-07-24T00:47:42","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T22:47:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111489"},"modified":"2026-07-23T20:49:43","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T18:49:43","slug":"energeticka-transformace-statem-organizovane-obchodovani-se-ztratami-elektriny-v-nemecku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/24\/energeticka-transformace-statem-organizovane-obchodovani-se-ztratami-elektriny-v-nemecku\/","title":{"rendered":"Energetick\u00e1 transformace: St\u00e1tem organizovan\u00e9 obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed se ztr\u00e1tami elekt\u0159iny v N\u011bmecku"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bmecko nakupuje elekt\u0159inu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tehdy, kdy\u017e je drah\u00e1, a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 ji levn\u011b do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e je prakticky bezcenn\u00e1. V\u00fdrobci v\u011btrn\u00e9 a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie st\u00e1le shrabuj\u00ed zisky, zat\u00edmco ob\u010dan\u00e9 a podniky plat\u00ed za s\u00edt\u011b, dotace, rezervn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny a dovoz. Energetick\u00e1 transformace prom\u011bnila b\u00fdval\u00fd pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd evropsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod v obchodn\u00edka s elekt\u0159inou, kter\u00fd nakupuje draho a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 levn\u011b.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Anal\u00fdza dat o trhu s elekt\u0159inou, kterou publikoval den\u00edk \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.is\/rKcFs\"><span dir=\"auto\">Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c, dokonale ilustruje absurditu n\u011bmeck\u00e9 energetick\u00e9 transformace. Porovn\u00e1v\u00e1 velkoobchodn\u00ed ceny elekt\u0159iny s p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edm obchodov\u00e1n\u00edm s elekt\u0159inou \u2013 a v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 data odhaluj\u00ed jasn\u00fd vzorec: Kdy\u017e ceny elekt\u0159iny rostou, N\u011bmecko se st\u00e1v\u00e1 dovozcem. Kdy\u017e klesnou na nulu nebo dokonce pod ni kv\u016fli p\u0159ebytku v\u011btrn\u00e9 a\/nebo sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie, N\u011bmecko ji vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. Soukrom\u00fd obchodn\u00edk, kter\u00fd soustavn\u011b nakupuje za vysok\u00e9 ceny a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 za n\u00edzk\u00e9, by rychle zkrachoval. V n\u011bmeck\u00e9 zelen\u00e9 pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 ekonomice v\u0161ak ztr\u00e1ty absorbuj\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00ed poplatn\u00edci. Dalo by se tak\u00e9 \u0159\u00edci: Zisky jsou privatizov\u00e1ny, zat\u00edmco ztr\u00e1ty jsou socializov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-x wp-block-embed-x\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X Post\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=true&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=eyJ0ZndfdGltZWxpbmVfbGlzdCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOltdLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X2ZvbGxvd2VyX2NvdW50X3N1bnNldCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOnRydWUsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdHdlZXRfZWRpdF9iYWNrZW5kIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6Im9uIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH0sInRmd19yZWZzcmNfc2Vzc2lvbiI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfZm9zbnJfc29mdF9pbnRlcnZlbnRpb25zX2VuYWJsZWQiOnsiYnVja2V0Ijoib24iLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X21peGVkX21lZGlhXzE1ODk3Ijp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6InRyZWF0bWVudCIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfZXhwZXJpbWVudHNfY29va2llX2V4cGlyYXRpb24iOnsiYnVja2V0IjoxMjA5NjAwLCJ2ZXJzaW9uIjpudWxsfSwidGZ3X3Nob3dfYmlyZHdhdGNoX3Bpdm90c19lbmFibGVkIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6Im9uIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6bnVsbH0sInRmd19kdXBsaWNhdGVfc2NyaWJlc190b19zZXR0aW5ncyI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdXNlX3Byb2ZpbGVfaW1hZ2Vfc2hhcGVfZW5hYmxlZCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdmlkZW9faGxzX2R5bmFtaWNfbWFuaWZlc3RzXzE1MDgyIjp7ImJ1Y2tldCI6InRydWVfYml0cmF0ZSIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfbGVnYWN5X3RpbWVsaW5lX3N1bnNldCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOnRydWUsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9LCJ0ZndfdHdlZXRfZWRpdF9mcm9udGVuZCI6eyJidWNrZXQiOiJvbiIsInZlcnNpb24iOm51bGx9fQ%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=2079527571033592161&amp;lang=cs&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Freport24.news%2Fenergiewende-deutschlands-staatlich-organisierter-strom-verlusthandel%2F&amp;sessionId=dd84ed74874a3c3c43c9340e1bf1274d745ffb92&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"2079527571033592161\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00ed obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s elekt\u0159inou samo o sob\u011b nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho. N\u011bmecko v\u0161ak nejprve odstavilo sv\u00e9 nejspolehliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny a pot\u00e9 postavilo miliony za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed z\u00e1visl\u00fdch na po\u010das\u00ed, jejich\u017e v\u00fdroba neodpov\u00edd\u00e1 spot\u0159eb\u011b ani pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdm pot\u0159eb\u00e1m. M\u00edsto toho v\u00edtr a obla\u010dnost, stejn\u011b jako denn\u00ed a ro\u010dn\u00ed doba, ur\u010duj\u00ed, zda je k dispozici p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho nebo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo elekt\u0159iny. Nyn\u00ed se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b kompenzuj\u00ed to, co naru\u0161ila samotn\u00e1 n\u011bmeck\u00e1 energetick\u00e1 politika.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed posun je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout. V letech 2021 a 2022 N\u011bmecko st\u00e1le po v\u011bt\u0161inu roku vyv\u00e1\u017eelo v\u00edce elekt\u0159iny, ne\u017e dov\u00e1\u017eelo. Pot\u00e9, v dubnu 2023, byly odstaveny posledn\u00ed t\u0159i jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny \u2013 a \u010d\u00edsla se zbarvila do \u010dervena. Do roku 2023 dos\u00e1hl p\u0159ebytek dovozu ji\u017e 15,3 terawatthodin, v roce 2024 vzrostl na 31,9 terawatthodin a loni st\u00e1le \u010dinil 21,9 terawatthodin. V roce 2025 N\u011bmecko dovezlo celkem 76,2 terawatthodin elekt\u0159iny a vyvezlo pouze 54,3 terawatthodin.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-viel-strom-aber-zur-falschen-zeit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Spousta elekt\u0159iny \u2013 ale ve \u0161patn\u00fd \u010das<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed roku 2026 dos\u00e1hlo N\u011bmecko poprv\u00e9 od konce roku 2023 mal\u00e9ho \u010dist\u00e9ho exportu 2,6 terawatthodin. V\u00fdroba elekt\u0159iny byla o sedm procent vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ve slab\u00e9m \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed p\u0159edchoz\u00edho roku, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e v\u011btrn\u00e1 energie na pevnin\u011b dodala dokonce o 22,8 procenta v\u00edce. Takov\u00e1 \u010d\u00edsla jsou zelenou lobby \u010dasto oslavov\u00e1na jako \u00fasp\u011bch. Ve skute\u010dnosti pouze ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011btrn\u00e9 \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed produkuje v\u00edce v\u011btrn\u00e9 energie. To nezaru\u010duje spolehliv\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky \u2013 dal\u0161\u00ed obdob\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v\u011btrn\u00e9 a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie tento trend zvr\u00e1t\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Rostouc\u00ed extr\u00e9my jsou je\u0161t\u011b patrn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesnetzagentur.de\/SharedDocs\/Pressemitteilungen\/DE\/2026\/20260105_Smard.html\"><span dir=\"auto\">v cen\u00e1ch<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. V roce 2025 st\u00e1la elekt\u0159ina na denn\u00edm trhu v pr\u016fm\u011bru 89,32 eura za megawatthodinu, co\u017e je o 13,8 procenta v\u00edce ne\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 cena klesla pod nulu po 573 z 8 760 hodin. V roce 2024 to bylo 457 hodin a v roce 2022 pouze 69 hodin. N\u011bmecko proto st\u00e1le v\u00edce vyr\u00e1b\u00ed tolik elekt\u0159iny, \u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 mus\u00ed za jej\u00ed spot\u0159ebu platit \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 v roce 2025 bylo celkem 40 hodin s cenami p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00edmi 300 eur za megawatthodinu.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-175426 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/report24.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Strom-Deutschland-Infografik.jpg\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/report24.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Strom-Deutschland-Infografik.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/report24.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Strom-Deutschland-Infografik-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/report24.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Strom-Deutschland-Infografik-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/report24.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Strom-Deutschland-Infografik-150x85.jpg 150w, https:\/\/report24.news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/07\/Strom-Deutschland-Infografik-600x338.jpg 600w\" alt=\"\" width=\"882\" height=\"496\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ale v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 konstruk\u010dn\u00ed chyba energetick\u00e9 transformace. Zhruba 30 000 v\u011btrn\u00fdch turb\u00edn a 2,7 milionu fotovoltaick\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f nevyr\u00e1b\u00ed elekt\u0159inu, kdy\u017e je pot\u0159eba, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e kdy\u017e tomu dovol\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Proto\u017ee v\u00fdkon mnoha syst\u00e9m\u016f roste a kles\u00e1 sou\u010dasn\u011b, dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011btrn\u00e9 turb\u00edny a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed panely automaticky nevytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost dod\u00e1vek. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku pouze zesiluj\u00ed v\u00fdkyvy: je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ebytek za dobr\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed, je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mezery za \u0161patn\u00e9ho po\u010das\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z\u00e1porn\u00e9 ceny elekt\u0159iny jsou st\u00e1le pravideln\u011b propagov\u00e1ny (zejm\u00e9na klimatick\u00fdmi alarmisty na soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00edch) jako d\u016fkaz toho, jak levn\u00e1 \u00fadajn\u011b zelen\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina je. Produkt, kter\u00fd se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ve velk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b ve chv\u00edli, kdy ho nikdo nepot\u0159ebuje, v\u0161ak levn\u00fd nen\u00ed \u2013 v tu chv\u00edli je bezcenn\u00fd a nakonec dokonce drah\u00fd. N\u00e1klady na v\u00fdstavbu, p\u0159ipojen\u00ed k s\u00edti, v\u00fdkupn\u00ed ceny, tr\u017en\u00ed pr\u00e9mie, redispe\u010ding, skladov\u00e1n\u00ed a rezervn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny se st\u00e1le hromad\u00ed. P\u0159i z\u00e1porn\u00fdch cen\u00e1ch se trhu s elekt\u0159inou vyplat\u00ed i odeb\u00edrat p\u0159ebytky. Takhle levn\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina nevypad\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-aus-der-rechnung-in-den-bundeshaushalt\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Z faktury do feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V z\u00e1vislosti na roce uveden\u00ed do provozu a modelu dotace dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed provozovatel\u00e9 v\u011btrn\u00fdch a sol\u00e1rn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren vl\u00e1dou garantovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem, p\u0159esto\u017ee jejich elekt\u0159ina je na trhu prakticky bezcenn\u00e1. I kdy\u017e se pravidla pro z\u00e1porn\u00e9 ceny u nov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren zp\u0159\u00edsnila, na z\u00e1kladn\u00edm probl\u00e9mu se t\u00edm moc nem\u011bn\u00ed: n\u011bkdo mus\u00ed zaplatit rozd\u00edl mezi tr\u017en\u00ed hodnotou a z\u00e1vazkem dotace.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundestag.de\/presse\/hib\/kurzmeldungen-1039794\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jen za rok 2025<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0provozovatel\u00e9 p\u0159enosov\u00e9 soustavy vypo\u010d\u00edtali finan\u010dn\u00ed pot\u0159ebu z\u00e1kona o obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u00edch energie (EEG) ve v\u00fd\u0161i p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 16,5 miliardy eur. A\u010dkoli p\u0159\u00edplatek EEG z \u00fa\u010dt\u016f za elekt\u0159inu zmizel, n\u00e1klady na EEG nikoli. Byly p\u0159esunuty do feder\u00e1ln\u00edho rozpo\u010dtu a nyn\u00ed jsou financov\u00e1ny z dan\u00ed a dluhu. V roce 2026 bude p\u0159id\u00e1no\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bundesregierung.de\/breg-de\/aktuelles\/niedrigere-netzentgelte-2382396\"><span dir=\"auto\">dal\u0161\u00edch 6,5 miliardy eur<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, kter\u00e9 feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da pou\u017eije na um\u011bl\u00e9 sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed poplatk\u016f za p\u0159enosovou soustavu. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da hovo\u0159\u00ed o zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee spot\u0159ebitel\u016f. Ve skute\u010dnosti v\u0161ak jednodu\u0161e bere pen\u00edze ob\u010dan\u016fm a podnik\u016fm jin\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Veronika Grimm, Leon Oechsle a Gregor Z\u00f6ttl zkoumali, jak zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed jsou neust\u00e1le uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu energie z v\u011btru a slunce ji\u017e v roce 2024. Jejich \u010dl\u00e1nek nese jednozna\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1zev \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.utn.de\/files\/2024\/04\/Grimm-Policy-Brief-CD-FINAL.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nivelizovan\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na elekt\u0159inu z obnoviteln\u00fdch zdroj\u016f nejsou dobr\u00fdm ukazatelem budouc\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f na elekt\u0159inu<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c. Sol\u00e1rn\u00ed elektr\u00e1rna, posuzovan\u00e1 samostatn\u011b, skute\u010dn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee vyr\u00e1b\u011bt levnou elekt\u0159inu. Ekonomika v\u0161ak pot\u0159ebuje elekt\u0159inu i v noci, v zim\u011b a b\u011bhem dvout\u00fddenn\u00edho obdob\u00ed n\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v\u011btru a slunce. Pro rok 2021 auto\u0159i vypo\u010d\u00edtali \u010dist\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na v\u00fdrobu energie z fotovoltaiky ve v\u00fd\u0161i 4,07 cent\u016f za kilowatthodinu. Jakmile se vezmou v \u00favahu n\u00e1klady na skute\u010dn\u011b spolehliv\u00e9 nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, toto \u010d\u00edslo vzroste na v\u00edce ne\u017e 6,49 cent\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro rok 2040 klesaj\u00ed izolovan\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energii v modelov\u00e9m v\u00fdpo\u010dtu na 2,59 centu, ale n\u00e1klady na pokryt\u00ed spot\u0159eby \u010din\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 7,68 centu. Poplatky za s\u00ed\u0165, koncesn\u00ed poplatky, dan\u011b, obchodn\u00ed mar\u017ee a dal\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 n\u00e1klady jsou dodate\u010dn\u00e9. Sami auto\u0159i p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee tyto n\u00e1klady lze politicky zakr\u00fdt \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00e1tem financovan\u00fdch z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren nebo prominut\u00ed poplatk\u016f za s\u00ed\u0165. Nelze je zcela zaml\u010det. Nakonec plat\u00ed ob\u010dan, a\u0165 u\u017e jako odb\u011bratel elekt\u0159iny, jako da\u0148ov\u00fd poplatn\u00edk, nebo prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dluhu, kter\u00fd st\u00e1t za n\u011bj vznik\u00e1. Z \u00fadajn\u011b bezplatn\u00e9 energie z v\u011btru a slunce se tak st\u00e1v\u00e1 finan\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed v \u0159\u00e1du miliard eur.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-der-atomausstieg-war-ein-teurer-fehler\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Postupn\u00e9 vy\u0159azov\u00e1n\u00ed jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren bylo n\u00e1kladnou chybou.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zat\u00edmco N\u011bmecko st\u00e1le v\u00edce dotovalo elektr\u00e1rny z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na po\u010das\u00ed, odstavovalo pr\u00e1v\u011b ty elektr\u00e1rny, kter\u00e9 mohly vyr\u00e1b\u011bt elekt\u0159inu nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u011b, bez ohledu na po\u010das\u00ed. Studie Univerzity Friedricha Alexandra v Erlangenu-Norimberku\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.wirtschaftstheorie.rw.fau.de\/files\/2022\/10\/Kurzstudie_Mobilisierung_Erzeugungskapazitaeten_Preiseffekte_2022.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">ji\u017e v roce 2022 dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, \u017ee pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v provozu posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren by v z\u00e1vislosti na sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i sn\u00ed\u017eilo ceny elekt\u0159iny o 8,5 a\u017e 12,1 procenta. Jadern\u00e1 energie by vytla\u010dila drah\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 a uheln\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny z procesu stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed cen a sou\u010dasn\u011b by sn\u00ed\u017eila pot\u0159ebu dovozu. Berl\u00edn se nicm\u00e9n\u011b rozhodl pro odstaven\u00ed. Od t\u00e9 doby se podle v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f NZZ (Neue Z\u00fcrcher Zeitung) dovoz jadern\u00e9 energie ze sousedn\u00edch zem\u00ed N\u011bmecka v pr\u016fm\u011bru v\u00edce ne\u017e zdvojn\u00e1sobil. N\u011bkdy poch\u00e1zela z jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren zhruba t\u0159etina tohoto dovozu. N\u011bmecko odstavuje sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed reaktory, dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed francouzskou jadernou energii a pot\u00e9 prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee energetick\u00e1 transformace \u010din\u00ed zemi nez\u00e1vislej\u0161\u00ed. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 si p\u0159edstavit v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed rozpor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bmecko se neobejde bez elektr\u00e1ren na fosiln\u00ed paliva. Podle NZZ v t\u00fddnu kon\u010d\u00edc\u00edm 18. kv\u011btnem 2026 st\u00e1le poch\u00e1zelo 32 procent dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdroby elekt\u0159iny z uhl\u00ed, plynu a dal\u0161\u00edch fosiln\u00edch paliv. V prvn\u00edm \u010dtvrtlet\u00ed vyrobily plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny 22,5 terawatthodin elekt\u0159iny, co\u017e je o 5,8 procenta v\u00edce ne\u017e v p\u0159edchoz\u00edm roce. Tyto elektr\u00e1rny na fosiln\u00ed paliva nebyly nahrazeny v\u011btrnou a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energi\u00ed. M\u00edsto toho mus\u00ed z\u016fstat v provozu (za dodate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady), aby zas\u00e1hly v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b selh\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011btrn\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren. Je ironi\u00ed, \u017ee tyto nepostradateln\u00e9 z\u00e1lo\u017en\u00ed elektr\u00e1rny se staly je\u0161t\u011b dra\u017e\u0161\u00edmi kv\u016fli politicky motivovan\u00e9mu odklonu od levn\u00e9ho rusk\u00e9ho plynovodn\u00edho plynu. Energetick\u00e9 sankce byly na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b od\u016fvodn\u011bny v\u00e1lkou na Ukrajin\u011b a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b tvrzen\u00edm Strany zelen\u00fdch, \u017ee N\u011bmecko stejn\u011b brzy zemn\u00ed plyn u\u017e nebude pot\u0159ebovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Berl\u00edn nyn\u00ed pl\u00e1nuje nov\u00e9 plynov\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny, proto\u017ee bez regulovateln\u00e9 v\u00fdroby nelze udr\u017eet stabiln\u00ed rozvodnou s\u00ed\u0165 v obdob\u00edch n\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu v\u011btrn\u00e9 a sol\u00e1rn\u00ed energie. Levn\u00fd plyn z plynovod\u016f je pry\u010d, dra\u017e\u0161\u00ed zkapaln\u011bn\u00fd zemn\u00ed plyn (LNG) z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 \u2013 a stejn\u011b tak i popt\u00e1vka po plynu. K tomu se p\u0159id\u00e1vaj\u00ed dan\u011b z CO2 a evropsk\u00fd syst\u00e9m obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s emisemi, kter\u00e9 z ideologicky motivovan\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f zdra\u017euj\u00ed uhl\u00ed a plyn. Dov\u00e1\u017een\u00e1 elekt\u0159ina z francouzsk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch elektr\u00e1ren nebo skandin\u00e1vsk\u00fdch vodn\u00edch elektr\u00e1ren se tak jev\u00ed jako levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e v\u00fdroba v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch uheln\u00fdch a plynov\u00fdch elektr\u00e1rn\u00e1ch. Dovoz je pak prezentov\u00e1n jako d\u016fkaz funguj\u00edc\u00edho trhu. Politici nejprve zdra\u017euj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny a pot\u00e9 chv\u00e1l\u00ed ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b za to, \u017ee jsou schopny dod\u00e1vat elekt\u0159inu levn\u011bji.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-der-industriestandort-bezahlt-die-zeche\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd are\u00e1l za to plat\u00ed.<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00da\u010det nakonec plat\u00ed dom\u00e1cnosti a podniky. V prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b roku 2025 platily n\u011bmeck\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/eurostat\/statistics-explained\/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics\"><span dir=\"auto\">podle Eurostatu<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed cenu elekt\u0159iny v Evropsk\u00e9 unii, v pr\u016fm\u011bru 38,35 cent\u016f za kilowatthodinu. Ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b roku Irsko p\u0159edb\u011bhlo N\u011bmecko; N\u011bmecko z\u016fstalo na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b s 38,69 centy, st\u00e1le v\u00fdrazn\u011b nad pr\u016fm\u011brem EU ve v\u00fd\u0161i 28,96 cent\u016f. Dostatek v\u011btru a slunce koneckonc\u016f neznamen\u00e1 automaticky levnou elekt\u0159inu \u2013 i kdy\u017e ti, kte\u0159\u00ed z energetick\u00e9 transformace profituj\u00ed, r\u00e1di tvrd\u00ed opak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro pr\u016fmysl je tato politika je\u0161t\u011b ni\u010div\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Pap\u00edrny, skl\u00e1rny, chemick\u00e9 z\u00e1vody, cement\u00e1rny a v\u00fdrobci oceli a hlin\u00edku nemohou provozovat sv\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed podle p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed. Pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed elekt\u0159iny v kteroukoli denn\u00ed i no\u010dn\u00ed dobu a konkuruj\u00ed spole\u010dnostem ze Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, \u010c\u00edny, Francie nebo \u0160pan\u011blska. Ceny energi\u00ed jsou tam v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed \u2013 proto\u017ee skute\u010dnou \u201etemnou str\u00e1nkou N\u011bmecka\u201c je zcela jasn\u011b \u201ezelen\u00e9\u201c N\u011bmecko. V\u00fdroba se p\u0159esouv\u00e1 tam, kde je spolehliv\u011b a cenov\u011b dostupn\u00e9 uhl\u00ed, plyn, jadern\u00e1 energie a vodn\u00ed energie.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bmecko investovalo stovky miliard eur do energetick\u00e9 transformace a na opl\u00e1tku z\u00edskalo elektriza\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed p\u0159ebytky do zahrani\u010d\u00ed za extr\u00e9mn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9 ceny, dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed je draho, kdy\u017e je ho m\u00e1lo, a st\u00e1le se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na uhl\u00ed a plyn jako na svou p\u00e1te\u0159. Jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny byly uzav\u0159eny, plyn z plynovod\u016f byl penalizov\u00e1n, elektr\u00e1rny na fosiln\u00ed paliva jsou prodra\u017eov\u00e1ny prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm certifik\u00e1t\u016f CO2 a v\u00fdsledn\u00e9 cenov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my jsou pak maskov\u00e1ny nov\u00fdmi dotacemi. Berl\u00edn sice m\u016f\u017ee tyto n\u00e1klady skr\u00fdt na \u00fa\u010dtu za elekt\u0159inu, ale nem\u016f\u017ee je jednodu\u0161e odstranit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>N\u011bmecko nakupuje elekt\u0159inu p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm tehdy, kdy\u017e je drah\u00e1, a prod\u00e1v\u00e1 ji levn\u011b do zahrani\u010d\u00ed, kdy\u017e&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1299,285,1503,84],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111489"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111489"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111489\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111490"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111489"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111489"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111489"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}