{"id":111455,"date":"2026-07-24T00:34:27","date_gmt":"2026-07-23T22:34:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111455"},"modified":"2026-07-23T17:40:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-23T15:40:50","slug":"nemecko-svoboda-je-vyhrazena-pouze-pro-dobre-lidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/24\/nemecko-svoboda-je-vyhrazena-pouze-pro-dobre-lidi\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u011bmecko: \u201eSvoboda je vyhrazena pouze pro \u201adobr\u00e9\u2018 lidi\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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N\u011bmeck\u00fd den\u00edk\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Die Welt<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o svobodu projevu v dob\u011b, kdy Francie jako prvn\u00ed zem\u011b EU zav\u00e1d\u00ed z\u00e1kon zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b pro osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 15 let.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V Evrop\u011b existuje\u00a0<\/span>svoboda projevu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0pouze pro stoupence dan\u00e9 politick\u00e9 moci, jak nazna\u010duje titulek v\u00a0<\/span>\u00a0Die Welt.<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0Ti, kdo kritizuj\u00ed a poskytuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 jsou nepohodln\u00e9, i kdy\u017e jsou zalo\u017eeny na faktech, jsou ter\u010dem v\u00fdhr\u016f\u017eek ze strany kontroln\u00edch organizac\u00ed z\u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch politick\u00fdmi mocnostmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ka\u017ed\u00fd ob\u010dan, kter\u00fd se odv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed kritizovat syst\u00e9m, je obvin\u011bn ze zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed nepravdiv\u00fdch informac\u00ed. Sou\u010dasn\u00fd syst\u00e9m proto podporuje ty, kte\u0159\u00ed zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed \u201espr\u00e1vn\u00e9\u201c informace, a uvaluje sankce na ty, kte\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed spolehliv\u00e9, ale odli\u0161n\u00e9 informace. Tito se st\u00e1vaj\u00ed disidenty ve sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed zemi.<\/span><\/p>\n

EU se sna\u017e\u00ed chr\u00e1nit svobodu projevu. To je ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 ur\u010duje, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1zory si zaslou\u017e\u00ed podporu a kter\u00e9 jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. To je v rozporu s jej\u00edmi vlastn\u00edmi principy svobody.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eEU prohla\u0161uje, \u017ee chr\u00e1n\u00ed svobodu projevu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 rozhoduje o tom, kter\u00e9 hlasy si zaslou\u017e\u00ed podporu a kter\u00e9 jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. T\u00edmto jedn\u00e1n\u00edm odporuje sv\u00e9mu vlastn\u00edmu z\u00e1vazku ke svobod\u011b,\u201c poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Die Welt.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Pod heslem ochrany informac\u00ed, svobody a demokracie blok dosahuje opa\u010dn\u00e9ho efektu. \u201eEvropsk\u00e1 unie aktivn\u011b chr\u00e1n\u00ed svobodu projevu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Listiny z\u00e1kladn\u00edch pr\u00e1v. Upravuje moderov\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch s\u00edt\u00ed z\u00e1konem o digit\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eb\u00e1ch (DSA) s c\u00edlem bojovat proti neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmu obsahu. Chr\u00e1n\u00ed tak\u00e9 nez\u00e1vislost novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f a m\u00e9di\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o svobod\u011b sd\u011blovac\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>uv\u00e1d\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0francouzsk\u00e9 ministerstvo kultury.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e1 komise na sv\u00fdch webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch pod nadpisem \u201e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Svoboda m\u00e9di\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0uv\u00e1d\u00ed : \u201e\u00a0<\/span>EU chr\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to, na \u010dem z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b va\u0161eho pr\u00e1va na nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 a spolehliv\u00e9 informace. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stech sv\u011bta jsou novin\u00e1\u0159i uml\u010dov\u00e1ni, m\u00e9dia jsou kontrolov\u00e1na a lid\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup pouze k jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu. V EU m\u016f\u017ee tisk kl\u00e1st t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, volat k odpov\u011bdnosti ty, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou u moci, a poskytovat spolehliv\u00e9 zdroje informac\u00ed. Demokracie umo\u017e\u0148uje pluralitu m\u00e9di\u00ed a rozkv\u011bt svobodn\u00e9ho tisku, aby ka\u017ed\u00fd mohl pochopit, co se d\u011bje, a vytvo\u0159it si vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1zor.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

EU se stav\u00ed do role obr\u00e1nce svobody projevu \u2013 p\u0159esto\u017ee americk\u00fd viceprezident J. D. Vance, kter\u00fd odsuzoval erozi svobod v Evrop\u011b, o tom pochybuje. Ostr\u00e1 kritika svobody projevu v EU ze strany viceprezidenta Vancea\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>vyvrcholila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0transatlantick\u00e9 diplomatick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed na 61. mnichovsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konferenci. Obvinil Evropu z uml\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f a cenzurov\u00e1n\u00ed disentn\u00edch hlas\u016f pod rou\u0161kou boje proti dezinformac\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byla zve\u0159ejn\u011bna sedm\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va EU<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o pr\u00e1vn\u00edm st\u00e1tu. V d\u016fsledku toho bude spu\u0161t\u011bn nov\u00fd program financov\u00e1n\u00ed s n\u00e1zvem AgoraEU, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je pos\u00edlit \u201edemokratickou \u00fa\u010dast, odolnost spole\u010dnosti, svobodu m\u00e9di\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1va, rovnost a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed st\u00e1t v cel\u00e9 EU\u201c.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho financov\u00e1n\u00ed je v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edm rozpo\u010dtu EU na obdob\u00ed 2028 a\u017e 2034 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no na 8,6 miliardy eur. Zpr\u00e1va i zde zd\u016fraz\u0148uje: \u201eSvoboda a pluralita m\u00e9di\u00ed jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00edmi aspekty pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu, proto\u017ee nez\u00e1visl\u00e1 m\u00e9dia pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zaru\u010dit odpov\u011bdnost ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f a voln\u00fd tok informac\u00ed a n\u00e1zor\u016f. Politick\u00fd nebo st\u00e1tn\u00ed tlak m\u016f\u017ee tuto svobodu oslabit a omezit p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm. \u00datoky na novin\u00e1\u0159e a beztrestnost, kter\u00e9 se pachatel\u00e9 t\u011bchto trestn\u00fdch \u010din\u016f t\u011b\u0161\u00ed, se \u010dasto shoduj\u00ed s obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm poklesem standard\u016f pr\u00e1vn\u00edho st\u00e1tu.\u201c\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Iniciativa je zalo\u017eena na ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed svobody, kter\u00e9 definuje, co je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 a co nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee se v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 skute\u010dnou svobodou. \u017durnalistika nav\u00edc nen\u00ed profes\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bnou n\u011bjakou n\u00e1lepkou. Toto je z\u00e1m\u011brn\u00e9 a navr\u017een\u00e9 tak, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu re\u017eimu v potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody projevu definov\u00e1n\u00edm toho, kdo je novin\u00e1\u0159. \u017durnalistika je svobodn\u00e1 \u010dinnost zalo\u017een\u00e1 na hled\u00e1n\u00ed fakt\u016f. Pojem \u201enovin\u00e1\u0159\u201c\u00a0<\/span>nen\u00ed chr\u00e1n\u011bn,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0proto\u017ee je synonymem pro svobodu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed pr\u00e1vo na svobodu projevu je tedy ch\u00e1p\u00e1no jako pr\u00e1vo na ochranu p\u0159ed st\u00e1tem. \u00da\u0159ady by m\u011bly identifikovat trestn\u00e9 \u010diny, nikoli st\u00edhat vyjad\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1zor\u016f. Pokud za\u010dnou hodnotit kvalitu diskuse a rozhodovat o tom, kter\u00e9 hlasy slou\u017e\u00ed demokracii a kter\u00e9 j\u00ed \u0161kod\u00ed, pak diskuse p\u0159est\u00e1v\u00e1 b\u00fdt svobodn\u00e1. Pr\u00e1v\u011b k tomu se J. D. Vance vyjad\u0159oval ve sv\u00e9m senza\u010dn\u00edm projevu na lo\u0148sk\u00e9 Mnichovsk\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed konferenci. EU interpretuje svobodu projevu st\u00e1le odli\u0161n\u011bji. U\u017e nep\u0159edstavuje pr\u00e1vo, kter\u00e9 ob\u010dan m\u00e1 a kter\u00e9 ho chr\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ed st\u00e1tn\u00edmi z\u00e1sahy. Tato svoboda projevu se stala ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed demokratick\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, kter\u00fd st\u00e1t kontroluje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Svoboda projevu je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b chr\u00e1n\u011bna z\u00e1konem, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, do jak\u00e9 slou\u017e\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 demokracii, a EU by rad\u011bji p\u0159esn\u011b definovala, kdy takov\u00e1 situace nast\u00e1v\u00e1. Tat\u00e1\u017e osoba, kter\u00e1 je klasifikov\u00e1na jako publikov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201edezinformac\u00ed\u201c, jako hrozba pro \u201espole\u010denskou stabilitu\u201c nebo jako \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk procesu \u201emanipulace se zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi informacemi\u201c, se rychle ocit\u00e1 mimo chr\u00e1n\u011bnou z\u00f3nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bt\u0161ina nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed financovan\u00fdch EU podporuje politiku Bruselu a levicov\u00e9 a aktivistick\u00e9 n\u00e1zory. Logika financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u0161ak jasn\u011b vede k nerovnov\u00e1ze, kter\u00e1, alespo\u0148 na prvn\u00ed pohled, vede k tomu, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina nevl\u00e1dn\u00edch organizac\u00ed financovan\u00fdch EU se \u0159\u00edd\u00ed stejn\u00fdmi pokyny jako EU. Pen\u00edze dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed ty, kter\u00e9 slibuj\u00ed rovnost, boj proti diskriminaci, diverzitu, ochranu klimatu nebo \u201eboj proti dezinformac\u00edm\u201c. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 konzervativn\u00ed, nacionalistick\u00e9 nebo libertari\u00e1nsk\u00e9 organizace b\u00fdvaj\u00ed opom\u00edjeny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuto snahu politick\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f kontrolovat obsah potvrdilo rozhodnut\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho parlamentu schv\u00e1lit z\u00e1kon zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed d\u011btmi mlad\u0161\u00edmi 15 let. Francie se stala prvn\u00ed zem\u00ed EU, kter\u00e1 takov\u00e9 omezen\u00ed zavedla.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eOpat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e9 podporuje Emmanuel Macron, se m\u00e1 na nov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty vztahovat od 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed 2026,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>vysv\u011btluje<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0web\u00a0<\/span>Toute l’Europe a<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u00a0poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eN\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed p\u0159ipravuje podobn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed.\u201c CRIF (Reprezentativn\u00ed rada \u017eidovsk\u00fdch instituc\u00ed Francie)\u00a0<\/span>poukazuje na to<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0, \u017ee Laure Millerov\u00e1 spolu s Gabrielem Attalem prosazovala n\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je zak\u00e1zat pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed osobami mlad\u0161\u00edmi 15 let, a \u017ee \u201evelk\u00e9 americk\u00e9 platformy, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed s naprost\u00fdm nedostatkem transparentnosti, se sna\u017e\u00ed vyhnout regulaci a dovol\u00e1vaj\u00ed se poru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed svobody projevu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZ\u00e1kaz ve skute\u010dnosti vstoup\u00ed v platnost\u00a0<\/span>ve dvou f\u00e1z\u00edch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: od 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pro nov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty. Pro st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fa\u010dty bude platit s \u010dty\u0159m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00edm zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm, 1. ledna 2027,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>20 Minutes<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201eOd 1. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed se opat\u0159en\u00ed bude vztahovat na otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed nov\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f. U st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch \u00fa\u010dt\u016f budou m\u00edt soci\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b \u010dty\u0159i m\u011bs\u00edce na ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed v\u011bku v\u0161ech u\u017eivatel\u016f. Osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 15 let proto obdr\u017e\u00ed mezi z\u00e1\u0159\u00edm a lednem \u017e\u00e1dost o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9ho v\u011bku,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>vysv\u011btlila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0ministryn\u011b pro digit\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitosti Anne Le H\u00e9nanff.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNavrhovan\u00fd z\u00e1kon zakazuj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u00e9dia osob\u00e1m mlad\u0161\u00edm 15 let ve Francii, kter\u00fd v \u00fater\u00fd schv\u00e1lil parlament s c\u00edlem za\u010d\u00edt platit letos na podzim, nespecifikuje, jak budou platformy muset ov\u011b\u0159ovat v\u011bk u\u017eivatel\u016f,\u201c\u00a0<\/span>varuje\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a024 Heures<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u0160v\u00fdcarsk\u00fd den\u00edk popisuje hlavn\u00ed metody ov\u011b\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed: skenov\u00e1n\u00ed pasu, \u0159idi\u010dsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fkazu nebo jak\u00e9hokoli jin\u00e9ho ofici\u00e1ln\u00edho dokladu toto\u017enosti k prok\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed v\u011bku. Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b u\u017eivatel prok\u00e1\u017ee sv\u016fj v\u011bk nahr\u00e1n\u00edm dokladu toto\u017enosti do aplikace t\u0159et\u00ed strany a na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b webov\u00e1 str\u00e1nka obdr\u017e\u00ed informace o v\u011bku n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edka, ani\u017e by znala jeho toto\u017enost.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ot\u00e1zkou je, s k\u00fdm aplikace t\u0159et\u00ed strany spolupracuje? Poskytuje \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm jm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed zve\u0159ej\u0148uj\u00ed informace, kter\u00e9 pova\u017euj\u00ed za nevhodn\u00e9? Tento ov\u011b\u0159ovac\u00ed proces, ur\u010den\u00fd pro osoby mlad\u0161\u00ed 15 let, se t\u00fdk\u00e1 v\u0161ech u\u017eivatel\u016f soci\u00e1ln\u00edch m\u00e9di\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Philippe Rosenthal<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u011bmeck\u00fd den\u00edk\u00a0\u00a0Die Welt\u00a0\u00a0se zaj\u00edm\u00e1 o svobodu projevu v dob\u011b, kdy Francie jako prvn\u00ed zem\u011b EU…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111456,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1503,84,117],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111455"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111455"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111455\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111455"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111455"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111455"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}