{"id":111301,"date":"2026-07-22T00:31:21","date_gmt":"2026-07-21T22:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=111301"},"modified":"2026-07-21T18:35:48","modified_gmt":"2026-07-21T16:35:48","slug":"studie-ukazuje-vedci-vyvinuli-prepinac-nicici-rakovinu-ktery-se-aktivuje-zableskem-svetla","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/22\/studie-ukazuje-vedci-vyvinuli-prepinac-nicici-rakovinu-ktery-se-aktivuje-zableskem-svetla\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie ukazuje: V\u011bdci vyvinuli \u201ep\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d ni\u010d\u00edc\u00ed rakovinu\u201c, kter\u00fd se aktivuje z\u00e1bleskem sv\u011btla"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Fotonika ovliv\u0148uje chov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk pomoc\u00ed sv\u011btla. Technokrat\u00e9 objevili, \u017ee mnoho bun\u011bk \u2013 nebo geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch bun\u011bk \u2013 exprimuje sv\u011btlocitliv\u00e9 proteiny (opsiny, rodopsiny), kter\u00e9 p\u0159i vystaven\u00ed sv\u011btlu otev\u00edraj\u00ed nebo zav\u00edraj\u00ed iontov\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly, \u010d\u00edm\u017e m\u011bn\u00ed membr\u00e1nov\u00fd potenci\u00e1l a vzorce p\u00e1len\u00ed. V neuronech to p\u0159\u00edmo \u0159\u00edd\u00ed excitabilitu, synaptick\u00fd p\u0159enos a dynamiku s\u00edt\u011b v \u0159\u00e1du milisekund<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u2013 Patrick Wood, editor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rakovina m\u00e1 v ruk\u00e1vu nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd trik: m\u016f\u017ee se sama upadnout do stavu dormance. Kdy\u017e n\u00e1dorov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky vstoup\u00ed do jak\u00e9hosi biologick\u00e9ho hibernace, je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je zab\u00edt, odol\u00e1vaj\u00ed l\u00e9\u010db\u011b a z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed skryt\u00e9, dokud se podm\u00ednky nezlep\u0161\u00ed \u2013 pak se probud\u00ed a zp\u016fsob\u00ed n\u00e1vrat nemoci. V\u011bdci se po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed sna\u017e\u00ed naru\u0161it tuto strategii skryt\u00ed, ani\u017e by v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kodili jin\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti t\u011bla. T\u00fdm ve \u0160v\u00fdcarsku nyn\u00ed vyvinul molekulu, kterou lze zap\u00ednat a vyp\u00ednat z\u00e1blesky sv\u011btla, co\u017e v\u011bdc\u016fm nab\u00edz\u00ed p\u0159esn\u00fd nov\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak studovat a potenci\u00e1ln\u011b naru\u0161ovat mechanismy skryt\u00ed sp\u00edc\u00edch rakovinn\u00fdch bun\u011bk.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za touto bun\u011b\u010dnou dormanci \u2013 alespo\u0148 u n\u011bkter\u00fdch typ\u016f rakoviny \u2013 se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 protein zvan\u00fd glukokortikoidn\u00ed receptor, senzor v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch, kter\u00fd reaguje na stresov\u00e9 hormony. Po aktivaci m\u016f\u017ee uv\u00e9st rakovinn\u00e9 bu\u0148ky \u2013 zejm\u00e9na u n\u011bkter\u00fdch solidn\u00edch n\u00e1dor\u016f, jako je rakovina plic \u2013 do stavu odoln\u00e9ho v\u016f\u010di l\u00e9k\u016fm, do stavu dormance. Z\u0159ejm\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm by bylo receptor jednodu\u0161e zni\u010dit, ale je tu h\u00e1\u010dek: stejn\u00fd receptor vykon\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017eivotn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 funkce v cel\u00e9m t\u011ble, v\u010detn\u011b sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btu. Jeho odstran\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ude by zp\u016fsobilo zna\u010dn\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Proto bylo zapot\u0159eb\u00ed naj\u00edt zp\u016fsob, jak zac\u00edlit receptor v n\u00e1doru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 ponechat zbytek t\u011bla nedot\u010den\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esn\u011b to cht\u011bl t\u00fdm vyvinout. Jejich \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, popsan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise\u00a0<\/span>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/span><\/a><\/em>\u00a0, p\u0159edstavuje t\u0159\u00eddu molekul zvan\u00fdch photoPROTAC: slou\u010deniny podobn\u00e9 l\u00e9k\u016fm, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem je naru\u0161it receptor stresov\u00e9ho hormonu \u2013 ale pouze tehdy, kdy\u017e jsou aktivov\u00e1ny specifickou barvou sv\u011btla. Kdy\u017e jsou vystaveny spr\u00e1vn\u00e9mu sv\u011btlu, za\u010dnou fungovat. Pokud z\u016fstanou ve tm\u011b, z\u016fstanou neaktivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eZastavova\u010d\u201c receptoru stresov\u00e9ho hormonu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Je u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, co je PROTAC. PROTAC je molekula, kter\u00e1 se v\u00e1\u017ee na specifick\u00fd protein uvnit\u0159 bu\u0148ky a ozna\u010duje ho pro zni\u010den\u00ed vlastn\u00edm syst\u00e9mem likvidace odpadu bu\u0148ky. Funguje to jako nalepen\u00ed pozn\u00e1mky \u201esma\u017e m\u011b\u201c na ne\u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed protein. PROTACy vyvolaly v medic\u00edn\u011b velk\u00e9 nad\u0161en\u00ed, proto\u017ee dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed eliminovat proteiny, ke kter\u00fdm se b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9ky nedostanou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konven\u010dn\u00ed PROTACy v\u0161ak maj\u00ed probl\u00e9m: jsou neust\u00e1le aktivn\u00ed. Po po\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fsob\u00ed v cel\u00e9m t\u011ble a ni\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj c\u00edl v rakovinn\u00fdch i zdrav\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch. Pro receptor, kter\u00fd je tak z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro norm\u00e1ln\u00ed zdrav\u00ed, je to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed faktor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aby se tomuto probl\u00e9mu vyhnuli, t\u00fdm zabudoval do molekuly PROTAC sv\u011btlocitlivou slo\u017eku. P\u0159id\u00e1n\u00edm chemick\u00e9 struktury, kter\u00e1 fyzik\u00e1ln\u011b m\u011bn\u00ed sv\u016fj tvar v z\u00e1vislosti na vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lce dopadaj\u00edc\u00edho sv\u011btla, vytvo\u0159ili molekul\u00e1rn\u00ed p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d. V jedn\u00e9 form\u011b, tzv. E-form\u011b, m\u00e1 molekula spr\u00e1vnou geometrii pro pln\u011bn\u00ed sv\u00e9 funkce a ni\u010den\u00ed receptoru. V druh\u00e9 form\u011b, Z-form\u011b, se oh\u00fdb\u00e1 do konfigurace, kde je mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b aktivn\u00ed. P\u0159ep\u00edna\u010d funguje v obou sm\u011brech: jedna vlnov\u00e1 d\u00e9lka molekulu zapne, jin\u00e1 ji vypne.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdvoj sv\u011btlem aktivovan\u00e9ho p\u0159ep\u00edna\u010de rakoviny<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u011bdci vyvinuli a testovali n\u011bkolik verz\u00ed t\u011bchto molekul, kter\u00e9 se m\u011bn\u00ed pod vlivem sv\u011btla, aby na\u0161li optim\u00e1ln\u00ed rovnov\u00e1hu mezi stabilitou a reaktivitou. Zejm\u00e9na vynikaly dv\u011b hlavn\u00ed slou\u010deniny, KH-5-306 a KH-5-309. Ob\u011b se za r\u016fzn\u00fdch vlnov\u00fdch d\u00e9lek sv\u011btla t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u00fapln\u011b m\u011bnily mezi aktivn\u00ed a neaktivn\u00ed formou a ani po opakovan\u00e9m oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nevykazovaly \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 zn\u00e1mky degradace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uvnit\u0159 bun\u011bk ob\u011b slou\u010deniny ve sv\u00e9 aktivn\u00ed form\u011b E ni\u010dily receptor stresov\u00e9ho hormonu i p\u0159i velmi n\u00edzk\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch. V neaktivn\u00ed form\u011b Z se \u00fa\u010dinek v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eil, a\u010dkoli neaktivn\u00ed forma si st\u00e1le zachovala ur\u010ditou aktivitu. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se forma Z p\u0159i t\u011blesn\u00e9 teplot\u011b p\u0159irozen\u011b vrac\u00ed do aktivn\u00ed formy E, v\u011bdci ji b\u011bhem experiment\u016f udr\u017eovali na m\u00edst\u011b oz\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm bun\u011bk ka\u017ed\u00fdch 30 minut kr\u00e1tk\u00fdmi pulzy ultrafialov\u00e9ho sv\u011btla \u2013 toto \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed lze pou\u017e\u00edt pouze v laborato\u0159i a potvrdili, \u017ee nepo\u0161kozuje bu\u0148ky ani nenaru\u0161uje zkouman\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 procesy; tato metoda nen\u00ed ur\u010dena pro pou\u017eit\u00ed u pacient\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed testy potvrdily, \u017ee receptory byly zni\u010deny norm\u00e1ln\u00ed degrada\u010dn\u00ed cestou bu\u0148ky: kdy\u017e samostatn\u00fd inhibitor tuto cestu zablokoval, fotoPROTACy ztratily sv\u016fj \u00fa\u010dinek. Tyto slou\u010deniny tak\u00e9 zanechaly bl\u00edzce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd receptor nedot\u010den\u00fd, a to i p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch \u2013 co\u017e je zn\u00e1mka toho, \u017ee molekuly zas\u00e1hly sv\u016fj zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd c\u00edl a nepo\u0161kozovaly podobn\u00e9 molekuly. A \u00fa\u010dinek se uk\u00e1zal b\u00fdt do\u010dasn\u00fd. Kdy\u017e byla aktivn\u00ed slou\u010denina po 12 hodin\u00e1ch vymyta, koncentrace receptor\u016f se za\u010daly op\u011bt zvy\u0161ovat do 24 hodin.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Infografika od StudyFinds<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u201eProbuzen\u00ed\u201c sp\u00edc\u00edch bun\u011bk rakoviny plic<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Jakmile byl stanoven chemick\u00fd z\u00e1klad, v\u011bdci p\u0159e\u0161li k testu bli\u017e\u0161\u00edmu re\u00e1ln\u00e9 l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 praxi. Vzali lidsk\u00e9 bu\u0148ky rakoviny plic a o\u0161et\u0159ili je dexamethasonem, b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm steroidem, kter\u00fd aktivuje glukokortikoidn\u00ed receptor a uv\u00e1d\u00ed tyto bu\u0148ky do latentn\u00edho stavu. Tento experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed model odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed probl\u00e9m z re\u00e1ln\u00e9ho sv\u011bta: Dexamethason se b\u011b\u017en\u011b pod\u00e1v\u00e1 pacient\u016fm s rakovinou ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed z\u00e1n\u011btu a vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f l\u00e9\u010dby, ale mohl by ne\u00famysln\u011b vyvolat tento l\u00e9kov\u011b rezistentn\u00ed latentn\u00ed stav v n\u00e1dorov\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co se potvrdilo, \u017ee dexamethason vyvolal o\u010dek\u00e1vanou klidovou reakci, t\u00fdm testoval, zda by ji hlavn\u00ed fotoPROTAC, KH-5-309, mohl zvr\u00e1tit. V bu\u0148k\u00e1ch o\u0161et\u0159en\u00fdch aktivn\u00ed E-formou se aktivita gen\u016f klidov\u00e9ho stavu vr\u00e1tila k norm\u00e1lu a anal\u00fdza tis\u00edc\u016f gen\u016f potvrdila posun do aktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho stavu. Naproti tomu neaktivn\u00ed Z-forma tyto geny v podstat\u011b nedotkla a v tomto experimentu se chovala jako neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrola, srovnateln\u00e1 s \u017e\u00e1dnou l\u00e9\u010dbou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak\u00e9 jsou dal\u0161\u00ed kroky v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rakoviny pomoc\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9ho nav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed?<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci otev\u0159en\u011b hovo\u0159\u00ed o omezen\u00edch. Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou pou\u017eit\u00ed t\u011bchto slou\u010denin u skute\u010dn\u00fdch pacient\u016f je typ pou\u017eit\u00e9ho sv\u011btla. Vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, kter\u00e9 tyto slou\u010deniny aktivuj\u00ed, nepronikaj\u00ed hluboko do \u017eiv\u00e9 tk\u00e1n\u011b, tak\u017ee sou\u010dasn\u00e1 verze by nebyla schopna dos\u00e1hnout n\u00e1doru skryt\u00e9ho hluboko v t\u011ble. V\u00fdvoj slou\u010denin, kter\u00e9 reaguj\u00ed na del\u0161\u00ed, \u010derven\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlnov\u00e9 d\u00e9lky, jako je bl\u00edzk\u00e9 infra\u010derven\u00e9 sv\u011btlo, kter\u00e9 pronik\u00e1 hloub\u011bji do tk\u00e1n\u011b, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm c\u00edlem pro budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum, ale dosud nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed potenci\u00e1l v sou\u010dasnosti spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v laborato\u0159i: studium biologie rakoviny v bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch kultur\u00e1ch, tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00fdch \u0159ezech a laboratorn\u011b p\u011bstovan\u00fdch miniaturn\u00edch org\u00e1nech zvan\u00fdch organoidy, kam lze p\u0159esn\u011b a opakovan\u011b sm\u011brovat sv\u011btlo. Tyto n\u00e1stroje nab\u00edzej\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost zkoumat, jak signalizace stresov\u00fdch hormon\u016f \u0159\u00edd\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed rakoviny \u2013 \u010deho\u017e nelze dos\u00e1hnout pomoc\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Schopnost rakoviny p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee je mrtv\u00e1, je ji\u017e dlouho jednou z nejfrustruj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek trval\u00e9ho vyl\u00e9\u010den\u00ed. I kdy\u017e se jedn\u00e1 o v\u00fdzkum v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, roky vzd\u00e1len\u00fd klinick\u00e9mu vyu\u017eit\u00ed, c\u00edlen\u00fd z\u00e1blesk sv\u011btla, kter\u00fd prolom\u00ed strategii skryt\u00ed rakoviny, je p\u0159esn\u011b t\u00edm druhem d\u016fkazu o funk\u010dnosti, kter\u00fd v\u011bdc\u016fm poskytuje nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edmu probl\u00e9mu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Publikov\u00e1no: Patrisha Antonaros prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm StudyFinds<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fotonika ovliv\u0148uje chov\u00e1n\u00ed bun\u011bk pomoc\u00ed sv\u011btla. Technokrat\u00e9 objevili, \u017ee mnoho bun\u011bk \u2013 nebo geneticky modifikovan\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":111302,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1366,839,1561],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111301"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=111301"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/111301\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/111302"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=111301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=111301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=111301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}