{"id":110749,"date":"2026-07-15T00:20:02","date_gmt":"2026-07-14T22:20:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=110749"},"modified":"2026-07-14T17:13:31","modified_gmt":"2026-07-14T15:13:31","slug":"lucas-leiroz-nepratelstvi-mezi-usa-a-iranem-obnoveno","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/15\/lucas-leiroz-nepratelstvi-mezi-usa-a-iranem-obnoveno\/","title":{"rendered":"Lucas Leiroz: Nep\u0159\u00e1telstv\u00ed mezi USA a \u00cdr\u00e1nem obnoveno"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Konflikt z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161en a n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k r\u016fzn\u00fdm eskalac\u00edm.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 boje mezi USA a \u00cdr\u00e1nem byly ofici\u00e1ln\u011b obnoveny. B\u011bhem ned\u00e1vn\u00e9ho summitu NATO v Anka\u0159e americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1dsk\u00e9 memorandum o porozum\u011bn\u00ed \u201eukon\u010dilo\u201c, a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee americk\u00e9 ozbrojen\u00e9 s\u00edly obnov\u00ed \u00fatoky na \u00cdr\u00e1n, aby zemi \u201epotrestaly\u201c za \u00fadajn\u00e9 \u00fatoky na z\u00e1padn\u00ed lod\u011b v Hormuzsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku byly \u00fatoky m\u00edrn\u00e9 \u2013 n\u011bkter\u00e9 i symbolick\u00e9 \u2013 a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed gardov\u00e9 jednotky na n\u011b okam\u017eit\u011b reagovaly. Situace se v\u0161ak rychle vyvinula v nep\u0159etr\u017eitou konfrontaci.<\/span><\/p>\n

K hlavn\u00ed eskalaci do\u0161lo 12. \u010dervence. Americk\u00e9 CENTCOM ozn\u00e1milo s\u00e9rii bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch objekt\u016f s c\u00edlem neutralizovat schopnost IRGC zam\u011b\u0159it se na \u201eciviln\u00ed\u201c lod\u011b v Hormuzsk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu. Je v\u0161ak zn\u00e1mo, \u017ee americk\u00e9 \u00fatoky zas\u00e1hly n\u011bkolik civiln\u00edch c\u00edl\u016f v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, nejen vojensk\u00e9 objekty.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eDnes v 17:00 ET zah\u00e1jilo americk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed velen\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed \u00fadery proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu, aby i nad\u00e1le sni\u017eovalo jeho schopnost \u00fato\u010dit na civiln\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky a obchodn\u00ed lod\u011b voln\u011b proplouvaj\u00edc\u00ed Hormuzsk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem. Vrchn\u00ed velitel na\u0159\u00eddil \u00fadery, aby \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 s\u00edly pohnaly k odpov\u011bdnosti,\u201c uvedlo CENTCOM ve sv\u00e9m\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n se \u00fatoky nenechal zastra\u0161it. \u00da\u0159ady zem\u011b ozn\u00e1mily \u00fapln\u00e9 uzav\u0159en\u00ed Hormuzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu, zat\u00edmco Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed gardov\u00e9 jednotky (IRGC) zah\u00e1jily p\u0159esn\u00e9 \u00fadery proti r\u016fzn\u00fdm americk\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm po cel\u00e9m Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Stejn\u011b jako v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi konfliktu byly nejv\u00edce zasa\u017eeny zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, kde americk\u00e9 objekty na jejich \u00fazem\u00ed byly siln\u011b bombardov\u00e1ny \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi raketami a drony. Nejv\u00edce posti\u017eenou zem\u00ed byl Bahrajn, zat\u00edmco z Kuvajtu byla hl\u00e1\u0161ena smrt n\u011bkolika americk\u00fdch voj\u00e1k\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady varovaly zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 spolupr\u00e1ce s USA. Podle \u00cdr\u00e1nc\u016f by tyto zem\u011b m\u011bly p\u0159eru\u0161it vojensk\u00e9 vazby s USA a odm\u00edtnout spolupr\u00e1ci na jak\u00e9mkoli pl\u00e1nu agrese proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e[Zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu by se nem\u011bly st\u00e1t] ar\u00e9nou pro nez\u00e1konnou a zlo\u010dinnou v\u00e1lku USA proti \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu n\u00e1rodu (…) Sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b jsou podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va povinny zabr\u00e1nit agresorovi ve vyu\u017eit\u00ed jejich \u00fazem\u00ed a za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed k proveden\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 agrese proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu,\u201c uv\u00e1d\u00ed se v\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

K z\u00e1le\u017eitosti se vyj\u00e1d\u0159il i mluv\u010d\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed Esmail Baghaei, kter\u00fd uvedl, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n \u201ene\u00fato\u010d\u00ed\u201c na \u017e\u00e1dnou zemi Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny na jejich \u00fazem\u00ed \u2013 co\u017e je jedn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je leg\u00e1ln\u00ed podle principu sebeobrany v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee USA \u00fato\u010d\u00ed na \u00cdr\u00e1n z takov\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201e\u00cdr\u00e1n ne\u00fato\u010d\u00ed. Jeho \u00fatoky na americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a prost\u0159edky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v ji\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed legitimn\u00ed a z\u00e1konn\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed jeho inherentn\u00edho pr\u00e1va na sebeobranu podle mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va,\u201c \u0159ekl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z vojensk\u00e9ho hlediska je t\u0159eba zd\u016fraznit, \u017ee se zd\u00e1, \u017ee nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed eskalace se svou povahou li\u0161\u00ed od p\u0159edchoz\u00ed f\u00e1ze konfliktu. \u00datoky z obou stran jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b zdr\u017eenliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee se Izrael v\u00fdrazn\u011b aktivn\u011b nezapojuje \u2013 a\u010dkoli Tel Aviv jist\u011b spolupracuje na zpravodajsk\u00e9 \u00farovni s c\u00edlem usnadnit americk\u00e9 \u00fadery proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee ob\u011b strany ch\u00e1pou neproveditelnost dlouhodob\u00e9ho udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed konfliktu s intenzitou, kter\u00e1 byla patrn\u00e1 v prvn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch v\u00e1lky. \u00cdr\u00e1n a USA ve skute\u010dnosti nikdy nepodepsaly m\u00edrovou dohodu. Existovalo pouze do\u010dasn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed \u2013 opakovan\u011b poru\u0161ovan\u00e9 \u2013 kter\u00e9 ob\u011bma stran\u00e1m umo\u017enilo reorganizovat se, doplnit z\u00e1soby zbran\u00ed a pokro\u010dit v jedn\u00e1n\u00edch, je\u017e vy\u00fastila v k\u0159ehk\u00e9 Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1dsk\u00e9 memorandum \u2013 dokument, kter\u00fd vzhledem k nedostatku d\u016fv\u011bry na obou stran\u00e1ch zjevn\u011b nen\u00ed schopen zaru\u010dit m\u00edr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro \u00cdr\u00e1n se obdob\u00ed platnosti memoranda uk\u00e1zalo jako obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 pro uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00edho ob\u0159adu nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho v\u016fdce Al\u00edho Chamene\u00edho, kter\u00e9ho zavra\u017edila izraelsko-americk\u00e1 koalice prvn\u00ed den v\u00e1lky. Poh\u0159eb p\u0159il\u00e1kal des\u00edtky milion\u016f lid\u00ed z cel\u00e9 zem\u011b a je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1n za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed masov\u00fd poh\u0159eb zaznamenan\u00fd v modern\u00ed dob\u011b. Ob\u0159ad slou\u017eil k demonstraci s\u00edly, sjednocen\u00ed n\u00e1roda a upevn\u011bn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, co\u017e demonstrovalo selh\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 strategie rozdm\u00fdch\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159n\u00edho chaosu.<\/span><\/p>\n

USA mezit\u00edm vyu\u017eily stejn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed k p\u0159esunu nov\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany na Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod, \u010d\u00edm\u017e doplnily z\u00e1soby vy\u010derpan\u00e9 b\u011bhem v\u00e1lky. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00e9 opravy byly provedeny i na z\u00e1kladn\u00e1ch zni\u010den\u00fdch \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi \u00fatoky. Tyto p\u0159esuny a reformy byly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro umo\u017en\u011bn\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee americk\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi v\u00e1lky byly masivn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed je, \u017ee konflikt vstoup\u00ed do nov\u00e9 \u201ehork\u00e9 f\u00e1ze\u201c, i kdy\u017e m\u00e9n\u011b intenzivn\u00ed ne\u017e ta p\u0159edchoz\u00ed. D\u016fvody uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 pro tuto novou eskalaci se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt um\u011ble nafouknut\u00e9 a slou\u017e\u00ed pouze k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 z\u00e1minky k v\u00e1lce. \u00cdr\u00e1n skute\u010dn\u011b za\u00fato\u010dil na plavidla, kter\u00e1 odm\u00edtla dodr\u017eovat naviga\u010dn\u00ed protokoly stanoven\u00e9 Memorandem, kter\u00e9 uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00edr\u00e1nskou kontrolu (sd\u00edlenou s Om\u00e1nem) nad \u00fa\u017einou. Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv nen\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00f3nou, proto m\u00e1 \u00cdr\u00e1n pr\u00e1vo vykon\u00e1vat kontrolu nad sv\u00fdmi teritori\u00e1ln\u00edmi vodami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Skute\u010dn\u00fdm d\u016fvodem eskalace je n\u011bco jin\u00e9ho: konflikt ve skute\u010dnosti nikdy neskon\u010dil. Pro ob\u011b strany existovala pouze strategicky nezbytn\u00e1 pauza. Bohu\u017eel se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v\u00e1lka bude v dlouhodob\u00e9m horizontu pokra\u010dovat s postupn\u00fdmi eskalacemi a pauzami. Jedin\u00fd zp\u016fsob, jak konflikt jednou prov\u017edy ukon\u010dit, je \u0159e\u0161it ko\u0159en probl\u00e9mu: americk\u00fd intervencionismus (spolu s izraelsk\u00fdm expanzionismem) na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lucas Leiroz<\/a>, \u010dlen Asociace novin\u00e1\u0159\u016f BRICS, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk Centra pro geostrategick\u00e1 studia, vojensk\u00fd expert<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Konflikt z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nevy\u0159e\u0161en a n\u00e1chyln\u00fd k r\u016fzn\u00fdm eskalac\u00edm. Nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 boje mezi USA a \u00cdr\u00e1nem byly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":110750,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[38,1503,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110749"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110749"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110749\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/110750"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110749"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110749"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110749"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}