{"id":110147,"date":"2026-07-06T00:19:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-05T22:19:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=110147"},"modified":"2026-07-05T13:54:50","modified_gmt":"2026-07-05T11:54:50","slug":"toxicky-dest-vedci-nalezli-v-oblacich-alarmujici-mnozstvi-pesticidu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/06\/toxicky-dest-vedci-nalezli-v-oblacich-alarmujici-mnozstvi-pesticidu\/","title":{"rendered":"Toxick\u00fd d\u00e9\u0161\u0165: V\u011bdci nalezli v oblac\u00edch alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed pesticid\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Celoevropsk\u00e9 studie \u00fadajn\u011b dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee i na\u0161e mraky jsou pln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch toxin\u016f. Dokonce i dlouho zak\u00e1zan\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie putuj\u00ed atmosf\u00e9rou a padaj\u00ed na n\u00e1s jako pr\u0161e. Nam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 hladiny n\u011bkdy dokonce p\u0159ekra\u010duj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 limity EU pro pitnou vodu. Co to znamen\u00e1 pro n\u00e1s lidi?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e se lid\u00e9 zamysl\u00ed nad zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm pesticidy, obvykle si p\u0159edstav\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo post\u0159ikovan\u00e1 pole, kontaminovanou p\u016fdu nebo zbytky pesticid\u016f v podzemn\u00ed vod\u011b. Kontaminace se v\u0161ak nekon\u010d\u00ed na okraji pole. V\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm z Univerzity Clermont Auvergne zkoumal obla\u010dnou vodu na observato\u0159i Puy de D\u00f4me ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Francii. V\u00fdsledky t\u011bchto vzork\u016f, kter\u00e9 v\u011bdci odebrali v nadmo\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ce 1 465 metr\u016f daleko od p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed, byly publikov\u00e1ny ve studii s n\u00e1zvem \u201e\u00a0<\/span>Jsou mraky zanedban\u00fdm rezervo\u00e1rem pesticid\u016f?<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c v \u010dasopise Environmental Science & Technology.<\/span><\/p>\n

Detekov\u00e1no 32 r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek<\/span><\/h3>\n

V\u011bdci nalezli zbytky zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch toxin\u016f ve v\u0161ech zkouman\u00fdch vzorc\u00edch. Celkem bylo izolov\u00e1no 32 r\u016fzn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek \u2013 skute\u010dn\u00fd koktejl herbicid\u016f, insekticid\u016f, fungicid\u016f a produkt\u016f chemick\u00e9ho rozkladu. Proto\u017ee se m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed stanice nach\u00e1z\u00ed vysoko v ho\u0159e, nemohl tento toxin poch\u00e1zet ze sousedn\u00edho pole. Chemik\u00e1lie se odpa\u0159uj\u00ed, p\u0159ichyt\u00e1vaj\u00ed se na jemn\u00e9 prachov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1stice, rozpou\u0161t\u011bj\u00ed se v kap\u00e9nk\u00e1ch v oblac\u00edch a s proudy vzduchu se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti. Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno: Toxin, rozpr\u00e1\u0161en\u00fd v obrovsk\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed n\u011bkde, stoup\u00e1 a pr\u0161\u00ed stovky kilometr\u016f daleko \u2013 na na\u0161e hlavy, na\u0161e m\u011bsta, nedot\u010den\u00e9 lesy a dokonce i p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b kontrolovan\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 farmy.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 kritizovali masivn\u00ed koncentraci zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek. V polovin\u011b ze \u0161esti odebran\u00fdch vzork\u016f vody z oblak\u016f celkov\u00e1 kontaminace p\u0159ekro\u010dila 0,5 mikrogramu pesticid\u016f na litr. Tato hranice je v Evropsk\u00e9 unii pova\u017eov\u00e1na za absolutn\u00ed limit pro rezidua pesticid\u016f v pitn\u00e9 vod\u011b! I kdy\u017e vylou\u010d\u00edme l\u00e1tky, kter\u00e9 mohou vznikat i jin\u00fdmi atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdmi reakcemi (nap\u0159\u00edklad 2,4-dinitrofenol), dva vzorky st\u00e1le p\u0159ekro\u010dily tento kritick\u00fd limit. I kdy\u017e de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu p\u0159\u00edmo nepijeme, toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ilustruje rozsah kontaminace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie odhalila dal\u0161\u00ed, velmi nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00fd detail: v oblac\u00edch byly nalezeny chemik\u00e1lie, jejich\u017e zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed je ve Francii a Evropsk\u00e9 unii ji\u017e dlouho p\u0159\u00edsn\u011b zak\u00e1z\u00e1no. Jak se tam tyto l\u00e1tky dostaly? V\u011bdci maj\u00ed podez\u0159en\u00ed na neleg\u00e1ln\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed, d\u00e1lkovou p\u0159epravu z jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed s m\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdmi p\u0159edpisy nebo zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 star\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi. Mnoho z t\u011bchto toxin\u016f je tak perzistentn\u00edch, \u017ee se z p\u016fdy odpa\u0159uj\u00ed a znovu se dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed do atmosf\u00e9rick\u00e9ho cyklu je\u0161t\u011b roky, a dokonce i desetilet\u00ed pot\u00e9, co byly zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny. Pouh\u00fd z\u00e1kaz prodeje ze strany \u00fa\u0159ad\u016f proto probl\u00e9m zdaleka nevy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mraky jako l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed chemick\u00e9 reaktory<\/span><\/h3>\n

Ale zhor\u0161uje se to. V\u011bdci varuj\u00ed p\u0159ed pojet\u00edm mrak\u016f pouze jako \u201etransportn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f\u201c. V atmosf\u00e9\u0159e se rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 toxiny setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed se slune\u010dn\u00edm sv\u011btlem a dal\u0161\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami. Mraky funguj\u00ed jako chemick\u00fd reaktor, ve kter\u00e9m se insekticidy a fungicidy rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed nebo transformuj\u00ed na zcela nov\u00e9 vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty. \u0160kodliv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky t\u011bchto vedlej\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f na \u010dlov\u011bka a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou \u010dasto mnohem m\u00e9n\u011b pochopeny ne\u017e \u00fa\u010dinky p\u016fvodn\u00edch aktivn\u00edch slo\u017eek.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed modelov\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det francouzsk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f ilustruje velk\u00fd rozsah: Za p\u0159edpokladu, \u017ee vzorky jsou reprezentativn\u00ed, se v z\u00e1vislosti na pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch odhaduje, \u017ee v doln\u00edch a st\u0159edn\u00edch vrstv\u00e1ch obla\u010dnosti jen nad Franci\u00ed vzn\u00e1\u0161\u00ed 6 a\u017e 139 tun pesticid\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vzdu\u0161n\u011b p\u0159epravov\u00e1no po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b \u2013 dokonce i v Arktid\u011b a vysok\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch<\/span><\/h3>\n

Objev v oblac\u00edch nad st\u0159edn\u00ed Franci\u00ed nen\u00ed ojedin\u011bl\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpad. V roce 2024 evropsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm zkoumal atmosf\u00e9ru na 29 m\u00edstech \u2013 od venkovsk\u00fdch oblast\u00ed p\u0159es pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed a vysok\u00e9 hory a\u017e po pol\u00e1rn\u00ed m\u011b\u0159ic\u00ed body. Hledali 76 aktivn\u00edch slo\u017eek pesticid\u016f. V\u011bdci jich na\u0161li 58. Tato data byla publikov\u00e1na ve studii \u201e\u00a0<\/span>\u0160iroce roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed pesticid\u016f v evropsk\u00e9 atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zpochyb\u0148uje jejich rozlo\u017eitelnost ve vzduchu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c, kter\u00e1 byla rovn\u011b\u017e publikov\u00e1na ve stejn\u00e9m \u010dasopise.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee koncentrace sedmi \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek se mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi regiony li\u0161ily jen m\u00edrn\u011b. Pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky to nazna\u010duje rozlo\u017een\u00ed v kontinent\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ve voln\u00e9 troposf\u00e9\u0159e a v arktick\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch klasifikovali 22 pesticid\u016f jako l\u00e1tky s obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b vysok\u00fdm transportn\u00edm potenci\u00e1lem. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159ilo 15 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 jsou v evropsk\u00e9m zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed st\u00e1le povoleny \u2013 ale tak\u00e9 sedm l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 jsou ji\u017e zak\u00e1z\u00e1ny. Studie uv\u00e1d\u00ed mimo jin\u00e9 atrazin, cyprodinil, spiroxamin, tebukonazol, terbuthylazin a thiakloprid jako l\u00e1tky, jejich\u017e koncentrace v odlehl\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch nazna\u010duj\u00ed dlouhou dobu setrv\u00e1n\u00ed v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dopady tohoto chemick\u00e9ho zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed byly dosud jen m\u00e1lo prozkoum\u00e1ny. Lze v\u0161ak p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat, \u017ee i toto vede k dalekos\u00e1hl\u00fdm naru\u0161en\u00edm. Nejen\u017ee to \u010din\u00ed ekologick\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed absurdn\u00ed, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b to ovlivn\u00ed i populace hmyzu po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b (kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 slovo: \u00fahyn hmyzu). A to nemluv\u00edme o cel\u00e9m potravn\u00edm \u0159et\u011bzci \u2013 a\u017e po \u010dlov\u011bka a jeho zdrav\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, kdy\u017e se pesticidy rozkl\u00e1daj\u00ed vlivem UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed a atmosf\u00e9rick\u00fdch plyn\u016f, vznikaj\u00ed tzv. transforma\u010dn\u00ed produkty (metabolity). Tyto produkty rozkladu jsou \u010dasto je\u0161t\u011b toxi\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, perzistentn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a ve vod\u011b rozpustn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed l\u00e1tky. P\u0159\u00edroda a lidstvo se tak pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed nejen se zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi toxiny, ale i s velmi slo\u017eit\u00fdm a nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00fdm koktejlem chemik\u00e1li\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro \u010dlov\u011bka to znamen\u00e1 nep\u0159etr\u017eitou, chronickou expozici n\u00edzk\u00fdm d\u00e1vk\u00e1m. U mnoha post\u0159ikovan\u00fdch l\u00e1tek (a produkt\u016f jejich rozkladu) je podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee po\u0161kozuj\u00ed nervov\u00fd syst\u00e9m, jsou endokrinn\u00edmi disruptory nebo karcinogenn\u00ed. Tyto l\u00e1tky neust\u00e1le vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1me vzduchem, kter\u00fd d\u00fdch\u00e1me, k\u016f\u017e\u00ed (kdy\u017e je vystavena de\u0161ti) a j\u00eddlem \u2013 kter\u00e9 je ve skute\u010dnosti ozna\u010deno jako \u201e\u010dist\u00e9\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Celoevropsk\u00e9 studie \u00fadajn\u011b dokazuj\u00ed, \u017ee i na\u0161e mraky jsou pln\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00fdch toxin\u016f. Dokonce i dlouho…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":110148,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[905,6356,3016,1561],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110147"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110147"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110147\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/110148"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110147"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110147"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110147"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}