{"id":110077,"date":"2026-07-05T00:20:33","date_gmt":"2026-07-04T22:20:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=110077"},"modified":"2026-07-04T09:14:46","modified_gmt":"2026-07-04T07:14:46","slug":"nova-harmonie-jak-socialismus-pred-dvema-stoletimi-znicil-prosperitu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/07\/05\/nova-harmonie-jak-socialismus-pred-dvema-stoletimi-znicil-prosperitu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 harmonie: Jak socialismus p\u0159ed dv\u011bma stolet\u00edmi zni\u010dil prosperitu"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Levicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy jednoty v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a jejich zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed voli\u010di v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee bohatstv\u00ed je prost\u011b t\u0159eba rozd\u011blovat spravedliv\u011bji. Sta\u010d\u00ed jen trochu v\u00edce zelen\u00e9ho socialismu a v\u0161echno bude v po\u0159\u00e1dku \u2013 tentokr\u00e1t doopravdy. P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh experimentu Roberta Owena v New Harmony ukazuje, pro\u010d tato rovnice nikdy nefunguje. Nikdy nem\u016f\u017ee.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 1825 koupil vel\u0161sk\u00fd textiln\u00ed podnikatel Robert Owen osadu Harmony v Indian\u011b od n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 komunity rapist\u016f. Za p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 150 000 dolar\u016f z\u00edskal 20 000 akr\u016f p\u016fdy a v\u00edce ne\u017e 160 budov, ml\u00fdn\u016f a farem, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e byly v provozu. M\u00edsto pojmenoval Nov\u00e1 Harmonie a vyzval podobn\u011b sm\u00fd\u0161lej\u00edc\u00ed jednotlivce, aby zalo\u017eili spole\u010dnost bez soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed, bez konkurence a se stejnou odm\u011bnou pro v\u0161echny. B\u011bhem kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 doby se do osady hrnuly stovky, n\u011bkdy a\u017e tis\u00edc lid\u00ed. Mezi nimi byl i takzvan\u00fd \u201eLo\u010f znalost\u00ed\u201c \u2013 v\u011bdci, u\u010ditel\u00e9 a p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdci, jako byli Thomas Say a Charles-Alexandre Lesueur, kter\u00e9 William Maclure v roce 1826 p\u0159ivedl po \u0159ece Ohio, aby intelektu\u00e1ln\u011b obohatil novou komunitu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Projekt se ale rychle zhroutil.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Pracuj\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 krmili, obl\u00e9kali a zaji\u0161\u0165ovali ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed pracovali m\u00e9n\u011b nebo v\u016fbec, a to stejn\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem. Mnoz\u00ed se pak p\u0159estali sna\u017eit.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Produkce klesala, potravin se staly vz\u00e1cn\u00fdmi a budovy ch\u00e1traly, proto\u017ee nikdo nebyl zodpov\u011bdn\u00fd za jejich \u00fadr\u017ebu. M\u00edsto pr\u00e1ce tr\u00e1vili obyvatel\u00e9 \u010das nekone\u010dn\u00fdmi sch\u016fzkami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Owen s\u00e1m navrhl sedm r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fastav, aby projekt zachr\u00e1nil, ale v\u0161echny bezv\u00fdsledn\u011b. V roce 1827 to vzdal a opustil New Harmony. Ve sv\u00e9m rozlu\u010dkov\u00e9m projevu obvinil osadn\u00edky a prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee byli \u201enep\u0159ipraveni\u201c na spole\u010dnost spole\u010dn\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed a rovnosti. Jeho vlastn\u00ed syn, Robert Dale Owen,\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lawliberty.org\/the-failure-of-a-socialist-dreamer\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">pozd\u011bji dosp\u011bl k jin\u00e9mu z\u00e1v\u011bru<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">jak\u00fdkoli kooperativn\u00ed syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd odm\u011b\u0148uje schopn\u00e9 a piln\u00e9 stejn\u011b jako neschopn\u00e9 a l\u00edn\u00e9, ni\u010d\u00ed s\u00e1m sebe, proto\u017ee odh\u00e1n\u011bje produktivn\u00ed \u010dleny spole\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00da\u010dastn\u00edk Josiah Warren, pozd\u011bji jeden z prvn\u00edch zast\u00e1nc\u016f individualistick\u00fdch my\u0161lenek (dnes bychom je nazvali libertarianismus), byl sv\u011bdkem ne\u00fasp\u011bchu na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei. Uv\u011bdomil si, \u017ee tlak na konformitu jen zhor\u0161uje rozd\u00edly v n\u00e1zorech, sklonech a c\u00edlech lid\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Bez soukrom\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed by neexistovala odpov\u011bdnost; bez cen by nebyl zp\u016fsob, jak p\u0159i\u0159adit hodnotu. To, co za\u010dalo jako vize velk\u00e9 rovnosti, skon\u010dilo rozpadem a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdm obvi\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Rappist\u00e9 \u017eili \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b na stejn\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b ji\u017e l\u00e9ta p\u0159edt\u00edm d\u00edky p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 discipl\u00edn\u011b, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 motivaci, jasn\u00fdm struktur\u00e1m odpov\u011bdnosti a samoz\u0159ejm\u011b soukrom\u00e9mu vlastnictv\u00ed. Jakmile bylo toto nahrazeno p\u0159\u00edslibem kolektivn\u00edho vlastnictv\u00ed, syst\u00e9m se zhroutil.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3 id=\"h-linke-regierungen-ignorieren-lehren-der-geschichte\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span dir=\"auto\">Levicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy ignoruj\u00ed ponau\u010den\u00ed z historie<\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Levicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy jednoty v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b op\u011bt ignoruj\u00ed v\u0161echna ponau\u010den\u00ed z historie. Nap\u0159\u00edklad rakousk\u00e1 koalice \u00d6MPEL se tak\u00e9 spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na je\u0161t\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed dan\u011b, je\u0161t\u011b \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u201ezelen\u00fd\u201c socialismus, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 zajistit prosperitu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm st\u00e1tn\u00ed kontroly a p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed. P\u0159itom p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed (a\u0165 u\u017e \u00famysln\u011b, nebo z \u010dir\u00e9 hlouposti?) skute\u010dnost, \u017ee prosperita se netvo\u0159\u00ed p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed, ale pob\u00eddkami k tvorb\u011b hodnot a inovac\u00edm. Osobn\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost\u00ed. Tam, kde je majetek a individu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchy znehodnoceny, kles\u00e1 motivace; tam, kde chyb\u00ed ceny a trhy, selh\u00e1v\u00e1 koordinace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nov\u00e1 harmonie je jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch a dob\u0159e zdokumentovan\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f toho, jak socialismus bohatstv\u00ed nerozd\u011bluje, ale ni\u010d\u00ed. Iluze, \u017ee tentokr\u00e1t prost\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme \u201elep\u0161\u00ed\u201c nebo \u201ezelen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed\u201c socialismus, je pr\u00e1v\u011b to \u2013 iluze. \u00d6mpelovo hnut\u00ed opakuje stejnou chybu, jej\u00ed\u017e d\u016fsledky Owen a jeho n\u00e1sledovn\u00edci za\u017eili na vlastn\u00ed k\u016f\u017ei p\u0159ed 200 lety. Ti, kdo se cht\u011bj\u00ed pou\u010dit z historie, si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed, \u017ee socialismus a prosperita jsou neslu\u010diteln\u00e9, proto\u017ee jsou zalo\u017eeny na protich\u016fdn\u00fdch z\u00e1kladech. Ti, kdo se odm\u00edtaj\u00ed pou\u010dit z historie, vedou nekone\u010dn\u00e9 diskuse, eliminuj\u00ed ve\u0161ker\u00e9 pob\u00eddky k dosa\u017een\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu, spol\u00e9haj\u00ed se na p\u0159erozd\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed a nakonec obvi\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed, kdy\u017e cel\u00e1 zem\u011b jde do pekla.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Levicov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy jednoty v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a jejich zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00ed voli\u010di v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee bohatstv\u00ed je prost\u011b&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":110078,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[533,1312,4948],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110077"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=110077"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/110077\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/110078"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=110077"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=110077"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=110077"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}