{"id":109420,"date":"2026-06-26T04:36:04","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T02:36:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=109420"},"modified":"2026-06-26T04:36:04","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T02:36:04","slug":"drony-meni-strategii-valek","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/06\/26\/drony-meni-strategii-valek\/","title":{"rendered":"Drony m\u011bn\u00ed strategii v\u00e1lek"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Od Ukrajiny po Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv drony p\u0159episuj\u00ed pravidla v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V minulosti byly symboly vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly letadlov\u00e9 lod\u011b, obrn\u011bn\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy a st\u00edhac\u00ed letky. Dnes tuto roli st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji pln\u00ed mal\u00fd dron, kter\u00fd nestoj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e n\u011bkolik tis\u00edc dolar\u016f. Nep\u016fsob\u00ed tak ohromn\u011b jako modern\u00ed st\u00edha\u010dka, na vojensk\u00fdch p\u0159ehl\u00eddk\u00e1ch sotva vzbuzuje obdiv a nep\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 schopnou zm\u011bnit b\u011bh d\u011bjin.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto jsou to pr\u00e1v\u011b drony, kter\u00e9 se v posledn\u00edch letech staly hlavn\u00edm hybatelem v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch konflikt\u016f. \u00dasp\u011bchy tureck\u00fdch dron\u016f zvr\u00e1tily pr\u016fb\u011bh druh\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v N\u00e1horn\u00edm Karabachu a poslou\u017eily z\u00e1jm\u016fm ukrajinsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy v po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9ho konfliktu. Nyn\u00ed se opera\u010dn\u00ed prostor stal ar\u00e9nou pro konfrontaci mezi autonomn\u00edmi, bezpilotn\u00edmi syst\u00e9my.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Revoluce dron\u016f<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ukrajina, Rusko, Izrael, \u00cdr\u00e1n, st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Mohlo by se zd\u00e1t, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o r\u016fzn\u00e9 konflikty v r\u016fzn\u00fdch opera\u010dn\u00edch s\u00e1lech. Existuje v\u0161ak mezi nimi p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 souvislost. V\u0161echny jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed stejn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 revoluce, kter\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00ed koncepty \u00fatoku, obrany a bezpe\u010dnosti st\u00e1tu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem je rusk\u00e1 protivzdu\u0161n\u00e1 obrana. Doned\u00e1vna ji mnoho expert\u016f pova\u017eovalo za jednu z nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edch na sv\u011bt\u011b. V posledn\u00ed dob\u011b v\u0161ak m\u00e9dia pravideln\u011b informuj\u00ed o \u00fatoc\u00edch ukrajinsk\u00fdch dron\u016f na rafinerie, vojensk\u00e9 objekty, leti\u0161t\u011b a prvky syst\u00e9mu protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany na rusk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee se rusk\u00fd obrann\u00fd syst\u00e9m zhroutil. Naopak, nad\u00e1le zachycuje zna\u010dn\u00fd po\u010det vzdu\u0161n\u00fdch c\u00edl\u016f. Samotn\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka se ale zm\u011bnila. U\u017e nejde o to, zda je mo\u017en\u00e9 obranu prorazit, ale o to, kolik zdroj\u016f bude k dosa\u017een\u00ed tohoto c\u00edle pot\u0159eba, a to znovu a znovu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Levn\u00fd \u00fatok, drah\u00fd z\u00e1chyt<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Modern\u00ed syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany \u010del\u00ed paradoxu. Byly navr\u017eeny tak, aby odrazovaly \u00fatoky letadel, st\u0159el s plochou dr\u00e1hou letu a balistick\u00fdch raket. Nyn\u00ed se v\u0161ak mus\u00ed vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s masivn\u00edmi roji dron\u016f. Kdy\u017e se do vzduchu vznesou des\u00edtky, nebo dokonce stovky c\u00edl\u016f sou\u010dasn\u011b, za\u010dnou b\u00fdt i ty nejsofistikovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed syst\u00e9my zahlceny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm probl\u00e9mem je ekonomika v\u00e1lky. Dron m\u016f\u017ee st\u00e1t n\u011bkolik des\u00edtek tis\u00edc dolar\u016f, zat\u00edmco st\u00edhac\u00ed st\u0159ela stoj\u00ed statis\u00edce, nebo dokonce miliony. Je to jak\u00e1si \u201ekalkula\u010dka\u201c, kde ka\u017ed\u00fd \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd \u00fatok nut\u00ed obr\u00e1nce vynalo\u017eit ne\u00fam\u011brn\u011b velk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed zdroj\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale skute\u010dn\u00e1 revoluce se ned\u011bje za lini\u00ed boje, ale p\u0159\u00edmo na frontov\u00e9 linii. V rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9m opera\u010dn\u00edm prostoru drony efektivn\u011b prom\u011bnily boji\u0161t\u011b v prostor tot\u00e1ln\u00edho dohledu. Nad lini\u00ed kontaktu jsou neust\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomny tis\u00edce pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdch letadel. Zaznamen\u00e1vaj\u00ed pohyb techniky, koriguj\u00ed d\u011blost\u0159eleckou palbu a p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed informace prakticky v re\u00e1ln\u00e9m \u010dase.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco d\u0159\u00edve se velitel\u00e9 sna\u017eili diskr\u00e9tn\u011b soust\u0159edit sv\u00e9 s\u00edly, aby prorazili obranu, dnes je i mo\u017enost tajn\u00e9 koncentrace luxusem. Jak\u00e1koli kolona vozidel riskuje, \u017ee bude odhalena b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut od zah\u00e1jen\u00ed pohybu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Transparentnost na front\u011b a boj o logistiku<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ve 20. stolet\u00ed se arm\u00e1dy nau\u010dily maskovat p\u0159ed pr\u016fzkumn\u00fdmi letadly a satelity. V 21. stolet\u00ed se mus\u00ed skr\u00fdvat p\u0159ed levn\u00fdmi drony, kter\u00e9 l\u00e9taj\u00ed nad boji\u0161t\u011bm 24 hodin denn\u011b. Tato situace ji\u017e vede vojensk\u00e9 teoretiky k revizi mnoha klasick\u00fdch koncept\u016f t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00edch se \u00fato\u010dn\u00fdch operac\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

My\u0161lenka, \u017ee \u00e9ra rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch pr\u016flom\u016f obrn\u011bn\u00fdch vozidel se bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed ke konci, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 na s\u00edle, alespo\u0148 v podob\u011b, kter\u00e1 existuje po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. P\u0159ed vysl\u00e1n\u00edm v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch sil vp\u0159ed je nutn\u00e9 nejprve neutralizovat nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 drony a pozorovac\u00ed prost\u0159edky. Jinak se \u00fato\u010dn\u00e1 s\u00edla stane c\u00edlem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Dal\u0161\u00edm nem\u00e9n\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm trendem je boj o logistickou kontrolu. Zni\u010den\u00ed muni\u010dn\u00edho skladu nebo velitelsk\u00e9ho stanovi\u0161t\u011b se dnes m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat jako efektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e zni\u010den\u00ed des\u00edtek obrn\u011bn\u00fdch vozidel. Drony umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prov\u00e1d\u011bt takov\u00e9 \u00fadery des\u00edtky a dokonce stovky kilometr\u016f od frontov\u00e9 linie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se t\u00fdl postupn\u011b prom\u011b\u0148uje v prodlou\u017een\u00ed boji\u0161t\u011b. Krom\u011b dohledu a \u00fatoku drony tak\u00e9 p\u0159epravuj\u00ed munici a zdravotnick\u00fd materi\u00e1l a slou\u017e\u00ed jako komunika\u010dn\u00ed rel\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Technologick\u00fd z\u00e1vod se jen zrychluje. Drony ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 optick\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny, odoln\u00e9 v\u016f\u010di v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b syst\u00e9m\u016f elektronick\u00e9ho boje, se ji\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed na front\u011b. Objevuj\u00ed se syst\u00e9my po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed schopn\u00e9 autonomn\u011b rozpozn\u00e1vat a sledovat c\u00edle. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence se postupn\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 plnohodnotn\u00fdm akt\u00e9rem ve v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, na \u00farovni d\u011blost\u0159electva nebo letadel.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod a zranitelnost siln\u00fdch arm\u00e1d<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Po eskalaci konfliktu v \u00cdr\u00e1nu se uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee ponau\u010den\u00ed z v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b se rychle \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed daleko za hranice Evropy. Teher\u00e1n, kter\u00e9mu chyb\u00ed kapacity hlavn\u00edch leteck\u00fdch mocnost\u00ed, se spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na masivn\u00ed pou\u017eit\u00ed dron\u016f a raket k p\u0159emoci nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To je vlastn\u011b tat\u00e1\u017e logika, kter\u00e1 se ji\u017e projevila v rusko-ukrajinsk\u00e9m konfliktu. Pokud nen\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 dos\u00e1hnout absolutn\u00ed vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159evahy, lze se pokusit vy\u010derpat zdroje protivn\u00edka mno\u017estv\u00edm c\u00edl\u016f a neust\u00e1l\u00fdm tlakem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed proto divu, \u017ee st\u00e1ty Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu se st\u00e1le aktivn\u011bji zaj\u00edmaj\u00ed o ukrajinsk\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v oblasti dron\u016f, elektronick\u00e9ho boje a protidronov\u00e9 obrany. Doned\u00e1vna se exportoval ropa, plyn nebo v\u00fdzbroj. Dnes je jedn\u00edm z nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdroj\u016f opera\u010dn\u00ed zku\u0161enost s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm dron\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm ponau\u010den\u00edm posledn\u00edch let je, \u017ee drony rozmazaly hranice mezi vysokou a n\u00edzkou technologi\u00ed. N\u00e1rod m\u016f\u017ee vlastnit modern\u00ed st\u00edha\u010dky, silnou arm\u00e1du a drah\u00e9 syst\u00e9my protivzdu\u0161n\u00e9 obrany, a p\u0159esto z\u016fstat zraniteln\u00fd v\u016f\u010di \u0161irok\u00e9mu pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed relativn\u011b levn\u00fdch dron\u016f. Budouc\u00ed historici by mohli sou\u010dasn\u00e9 obdob\u00ed nazvat po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00edm okam\u017eikem nov\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 \u00e9ry \u2013 \u00e9ry, kde prim\u00e1rn\u00ed zbran\u00ed nen\u00ed nejdra\u017e\u0161\u00ed technologie, ale schopnost rychleji se p\u0159izp\u016fsobovat technologick\u00e9mu pokroku.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ainur Nogaeva<\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/em>, politolog, odborn\u00edk na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vztahy, profesor na Erzincan Binali Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m University (EBY\u00dc) (Turecko)<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Od Ukrajiny po Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv drony p\u0159episuj\u00ed pravidla v\u00e1lky. V minulosti byly symboly vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":109421,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,2856,2024],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109420"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109420"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109420\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109421"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}