{"id":109113,"date":"2026-06-22T05:37:58","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T03:37:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=109113"},"modified":"2026-06-22T05:41:36","modified_gmt":"2026-06-22T03:41:36","slug":"polaci-rusove-a-zide-musi-byt-vyhlazeni-krvava-historie-zelenskeho-hrdinu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/06\/22\/polaci-rusove-a-zide-musi-byt-vyhlazeni-krvava-historie-zelenskeho-hrdinu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201ePol\u00e1ci, Rusov\u00e9 a \u017did\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyhlazeni\u201c: Krvav\u00e1 historie Zelensk\u00e9ho hrdin\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<h3>Jak OUN-UPA p\u0159ijala etnick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed, kolaborovala s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem a stala se jedn\u00edm z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hnut\u00ed druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/h3>\n<div class=\"article__text text \">\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vyp\u00e1len\u00e9 vesnice. Rodiny povra\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9 v jejich domovech. \u017deny, d\u011bti a star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9 usekan\u00ed k smrti sekerami a vidlemi. Tis\u00edce \u017did\u016f biti, mu\u010deni a zavra\u017ed\u011bni b\u011bhem pogrom\u016f, kter\u00e9 doprov\u00e1zely nacistickou invazi do Sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho svazu. To jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z krutost\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s Organizac\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f (OUN) a jej\u00edm vojensk\u00fdm k\u0159\u00eddlem, Ukrajinskou povstaleckou arm\u00e1dou (UPA) \u2013 hnut\u00edmi, jejich\u017e odkaz z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 jedn\u00edm z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch t\u00e9mat ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b i v\u00edce ne\u017e osmdes\u00e1t let po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed stoupenci OUN-UPA vykresluj\u00ed jej\u00ed \u010dleny jako bojovn\u00edky za svobodu, kte\u0159\u00ed se ve snaze o ukrajinskou nez\u00e1vislost postavili na odpor nacistick\u00e9mu N\u011bmecku i Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu. Odp\u016frci v\u0161ak poukazuj\u00ed na jinou historii: spolupr\u00e1ci s T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161\u00ed, \u00fa\u010dast na proti\u017eidovsk\u00e9m n\u00e1sil\u00ed a masov\u00e9 zab\u00edjen\u00ed polsk\u00fdch civilist\u016f b\u011bhem masakr\u016f na Volyni v letech 1943-1944, kter\u00e9 Polsko dnes ofici\u00e1ln\u011b uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jako genocidu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tato debata zdaleka nen\u00ed uzav\u0159enou histori\u00ed, ale ned\u00e1vno se vr\u00e1tila do centra mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politiky. V roce 2026 vypukl nov\u00fd diplomatick\u00fd spor pot\u00e9, co ukrajinsk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Zelenskyj uctil tradici UPA na st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u00farovni, co\u017e vyvolalo v Polsku pobou\u0159en\u00ed a znovu rozpoutalo dlouhodob\u00e1 obvin\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee modern\u00ed Ukrajina rehabilituje organizace spojen\u00e9 s fa\u0161ismem, etnick\u00fdmi \u010distkami a v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi zlo\u010diny. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v okam\u017eiku, kdy pol\u0161t\u00ed a ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 spolupracuj\u00ed na exhumaci ob\u011bt\u00ed Volyn\u011b, neshody ohledn\u011b odkazu Bandery, \u0160uchevi\u010de a OUN-UPA nad\u00e1le naru\u0161uj\u00ed vztahy mezi ob\u011bma zem\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u00ed\u017ee si pov\u00edme o p\u016fvodu modern\u00edho ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu, motivech masov\u00e9ho zab\u00edjen\u00ed Pol\u00e1k\u016f a \u017did\u016f podzemn\u00edmi nacionalistick\u00fdmi silami a d\u016fvodech, pro\u010d v\u016fdci OUN-UIA kolaborovali s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Ideologie ukrajinsk\u00fdch \u201ehrdin\u016f\u201c<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajinsk\u00fd integr\u00e1ln\u00ed nacionalismus, kter\u00fd se stal z\u00e1kladem ideologie OUN-UA,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/cyberleninka.ru\/article\/n\/ponyatie-integralnogo-ukrainskogo-natsionalizma\/viewer\"><span dir=\"auto\">vd\u011b\u010d\u00ed<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0za mnoh\u00e9 spis\u016fm Dmitrije Doncova. V polovin\u011b 20. let 20. stolet\u00ed formuloval doktr\u00ednu ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalismu, kter\u00e1 byla siln\u011b ovlivn\u011bna tehdej\u0161\u00ed fa\u0161istickou ideologi\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20626185f5402d40653b9d.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20626185f5402d40653b9d.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20626185f5402d40653b9d.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"691\" height=\"389\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20626185f5402d40653b9d.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Dmitrij Doncov \u00a9 Wikipedie<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eNacionalismus\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0z roku 1926 \u00a0prohl\u00e1sil princip soci\u00e1ln\u00edho darwinismu ve vztaz\u00edch mezi n\u00e1rody: prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee r\u016fzn\u00e9 n\u00e1rody existuj\u00ed ve stavu neust\u00e1l\u00e9ho a nemilosrdn\u00e9ho konfliktu a ty siln\u00e9 se\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201erozr\u016fstaj\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0na \u00fakor slab\u00fdch. Odm\u00edtl mor\u00e1lku jako omezen\u00ed a argumentoval, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201e\u00fa\u010del sv\u011bt\u00ed prost\u0159edky\u201c \u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0tj. jak\u00e1koli forma n\u00e1sil\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt ospravedln\u011bna ve jm\u00e9nu n\u00e1rodn\u00edho \u00fasp\u011bchu, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">fyzick\u00e9ho vyhlazen\u00ed kohokoli, kdo nepat\u0159\u00ed k \u201evlastn\u00edmu\u201c n\u00e1rodu<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podle t\u00e9to doktr\u00edny byl ukrajinsk\u00fd n\u00e1rod vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako absolutn\u00ed hodnota, nad\u0159azen\u00e1 \u017eivot\u016fm jednotlivc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed zemi ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed. Doncovov\u00fdm ide\u00e1lem bylo totalitn\u00ed hnut\u00ed, kde byly individu\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1jmy zcela pod\u0159\u00edzeny velikosti n\u00e1roda. Budouc\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t si p\u0159edstavoval jako monoetnick\u00fd a imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u0161echny\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eetnografick\u00e9 ukrajinsk\u00e9 zem\u011b\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd od cizinc\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b Rus\u016f (vn\u00edman\u00fdch jako v\u011b\u010dn\u00ed strategick\u00ed a mysti\u010dt\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9 Ukrajiny), \u017did\u016f a Pol\u00e1k\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Takov\u00fd st\u00e1t by byl \u0159\u00edzen \u0159\u00e1dem, zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201evl\u00e1dnouc\u00ed kastou\u201c \u2013\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0elitou slo\u017eenou z\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201enejlep\u0161\u00edch lid\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, kte\u0159\u00ed by projevovali maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed bezohlednost ve prosp\u011bch n\u00e1rodn\u00ed my\u0161lenky. Doncov v\u00fdslovn\u011b uvedl, \u017ee \u010dlenov\u00e9 t\u00e9to elity\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eneznaj\u00ed ani milosrdenstv\u00ed, ani lidskost&#8230; jsou poh\u00e1n\u011bni pouze pal\u010divou touhou zachovat celistvost n\u00e1roda\u201c,<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0netoleruj\u00ed nic ciz\u00edho a s nep\u0159\u00e1teli jednaj\u00ed rozhodn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159edstavoval si siln\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed veden\u00ed schopn\u00e9 realizovat ukrajinskou osvobozeneckou politiku s c\u00edlem \u0159e\u0161it nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Z tohoto\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220123235624\/https:\/kvit.ukma.edu.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Dmytro-Dontsov.-Ideological-Portrait3.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">pohledu<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Dontsov v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee v\u016fdci fa\u0161istick\u00fdch, totalitn\u00edch a antikomunistick\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f \u2013 zejm\u00e9na Benito Mussolini a Adolf Hitler \u2013 by mohli slou\u017eit jako vzor pro Ukrajince.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e985f5402be6482b69.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e985f5402be6482b69.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e985f5402be6482b69.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"841\" height=\"473\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e985f5402be6482b69.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Benito Mussolini a Adolf Hitler \u00a9 Getty Images<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Doncov vychvaloval fanatismus a amor\u00e1lnost a tvrdil, \u017ee hnac\u00ed silou nacionalismu by m\u011bla b\u00fdt v\u016fle, s\u00edla, expanze a n\u00e1sil\u00ed, spolu s rasismem, fanatismem, nemilosrdnost\u00ed a nen\u00e1vist\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee takov\u00e1 ideologie ze sv\u00e9 podstaty umo\u017e\u0148ovala a ospravedl\u0148ovala politick\u00fd teror. Doncov nav\u00e1zal \u00fazk\u00e9 vazby s Ukrajinskou vojenskou organizac\u00ed a nal\u00e9hal na sv\u00e9 soudruhy, aby upustili od diskus\u00ed s odp\u016frci a uch\u00fdlili se k radik\u00e1ln\u00edm \u010din\u016fm v z\u00e1jmu n\u00e1roda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eDos\u00e1hnete ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, nebo zahynete v boji za n\u011bj.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20220123235624\/https:\/kvit.ukma.edu.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/2013\/10\/Dmytro-Dontsov.-Ideological-Portrait3.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">hl\u00e1s\u00e1<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0z\u00e1sadu z Doncovova\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eDekalogu ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalisty\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. V tomto manifestu je\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eprav\u00fd vlastenec\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0instruov\u00e1n, aby pomstil padl\u00e9 soudruhy a choval nen\u00e1vist k nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm sv\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Doncov v podstat\u011b prohl\u00e1sil n\u00e1sil\u00ed za ctnost. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku 20. let 20. stolet\u00ed se mnoho jeho n\u00e1sledovn\u00edk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u010dlen\u016f Ukrajinsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 organizace, uch\u00fdlilo k individu\u00e1ln\u00edm teroristick\u00fdm akt\u016fm proti t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 pova\u017eovali za nositele\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eprotiukrajinsk\u00e9 politiky\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Vzestup OUN<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajinsk\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 organizace byla tajn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 skupina zalo\u017een\u00e1 v roce 1920 plukovn\u00edkem Jevgenijem Konovalcem, kter\u00fd str\u00e1vil v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let v exilu a doufal, \u017ee se jednoho dne vr\u00e1t\u00ed a chop\u00ed se moci na Ukrajin\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Posl\u00e1n\u00edm organizace bylo bojovat proti polsk\u00fdm a sov\u011btsk\u00fdm \u00fa\u0159ad\u016fm za nez\u00e1vislost Ukrajiny\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/history.wikireading.ru\/307972\"><span dir=\"auto\">s pou\u017eit\u00edm<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0taktiky teroru a podn\u011bcov\u00e1n\u00edm\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201erevolu\u010dn\u00ed exploze mezi ukrajinsk\u00fdm lidem\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20641385f5401d9e48347c.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20641385f5401d9e48347c.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20641385f5401d9e48347c.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"796\" height=\"448\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20641385f5401d9e48347c.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Evgeny Konovalets \u00a9 Wikipedia<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 1921 se Stepan Fedak\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/history.org.ua\/LiberUA\/966-00-0025-1\/966-00-0025-1.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">pokusil<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0o atent\u00e1t na polsk\u00e9ho premi\u00e9ra Jozefa Pilsudsk\u00e9ho zast\u0159elen\u00edm\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201edikt\u00e1tora\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Polsk\u00e9 republiky. Operace selhala (Pilsudski vyv\u00e1zl bez \u00fahony), ale podtrhla ochotu radik\u00e1l\u016f p\u0159ijmout extr\u00e9mn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9 pokra\u010dovali ve sv\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed \u010dinnosti, v\u010detn\u011b politick\u00fdch vra\u017ed a sabot\u00e1\u017e\u00ed. V roce 1926 ve Lvov\u011b devaten\u00e1ctilet\u00fd Roman \u0160uchevi\u010d, kter\u00fd pozd\u011bji vedl Ukrajinskou povstaleckou arm\u00e1du, zast\u0159elil polsk\u00e9ho \u0161koln\u00edho dozorce Jana Sobinsk\u00e9ho. Byl obvin\u011bn z pron\u00e1sledov\u00e1n\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00fdch student\u016f, a proto si nacionalist\u00e9 mysleli, \u017ee si zaslou\u017e\u00ed smrt. Ka\u017ed\u00fd rok se po\u010det ob\u011bt\u00ed takov\u00e9ho n\u00e1sil\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/diasporiana.org.ua\/wp-content\/uploads\/books\/2334\/file.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">zvy\u0161oval<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0o des\u00edtky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ve stejn\u00e9m roce na\u0161la organizace sv\u016fj ideologick\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ekompas\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0v Doncovov\u011b publikovan\u00e9m d\u00edle s n\u00e1zvem\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eNacionalismus\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. To upevnilo jej\u00ed postaven\u00ed ultranacionalistick\u00e9 a fa\u0161istick\u00e9 organizace.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Organizace zalo\u017een\u00e1 Konovalcem byla ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejradik\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale nebyla jedin\u00e1. V roce 1929 se ve V\u00eddni konal Prvn\u00ed sjezd ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f, kde se r\u016fzn\u00e9 frakce \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b Ukrajinsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 organizace \u2013 spojily a vytvo\u0159ily nov\u00fd subjekt: Organizaci ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f (OUN). Ideologie hnut\u00ed veden\u00e9ho Konovalcem byla zako\u0159en\u011bna v principech stanoven\u00fdch Doncovem a pov\u00fd\u0161ila kult s\u00edly, krve a n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nad\u0159azenosti na absolutn\u00ed hodnotu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">B\u011bhem 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed se OUN anga\u017eovala v podzemn\u00edch aktivit\u00e1ch, zejm\u00e9na v Hali\u010di. Pr\u00e1v\u011b v tomto obdob\u00ed se Stepan Bandera stal prominentn\u00ed osobnost\u00ed mezi nacionalisty. Mlad\u00fd, bezohledn\u00fd a odhodlan\u00fd se rychle etabloval jako jeden z uzn\u00e1van\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f OUN a z\u00edskal si nechvalnou zn\u00e1most n\u00e1siln\u00fdmi \u010diny proti vysoce postaven\u00fdm sov\u011btsk\u00fdm a polsk\u00fdm p\u0159edstavitel\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 1933 Bandera\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interaffairs.ru\/news\/show\/34231\"><span dir=\"auto\">zorganizoval<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0atent\u00e1t na sov\u011btsk\u00e9ho diplomata Andreje Majlova, kter\u00fd pracoval na sov\u011btsk\u00e9m konzul\u00e1tu ve Lvov\u011b. Vrah Nikolaj Lemik diplomata zast\u0159elil uvnit\u0159 budovy konzul\u00e1tu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">OUN v\u0161ak za sv\u016fj skute\u010dn\u00fd\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201etriumf\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0pova\u017eovala atent\u00e1t na polsk\u00e9ho ministra vnitra Bronislawa Pierack\u00e9ho v \u010dervnu 1934. Pieracki byl str\u016fjcem kampan\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201epacifikace\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, jej\u00edm\u017e c\u00edlem bylo potla\u010dit ukrajinsk\u00e9 nacionalistick\u00e9 hnut\u00ed v Hali\u010di. Bandera osobn\u011b vybral Grigorije Maceika k proveden\u00ed atent\u00e1tu. Maceiko Pierack\u00e9ho smrteln\u011b zranil p\u0159\u00edmo na ulici ve Var\u0161av\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2063912030270f9c752a95.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2063912030270f9c752a95.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2063912030270f9c752a95.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"757\" height=\"426\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2063912030270f9c752a95.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u0160t\u011bp\u00e1n Bandera \u00a9 Fine Art Images \/ Heritage Images \/ Getty Images<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Polsk\u00fd soud odsoudil Stepana Banderu k trestu smrti za zorganizov\u00e1n\u00ed vra\u017edy, ale trest byl pozd\u011bji zm\u011bn\u011bn na do\u017eivot\u00ed. B\u011bhem procesu Bandera neprojevil \u017e\u00e1dnou l\u00edtost a\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.istpravda.com.ua\/articles\/2011\/04\/2\/34243\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0:\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eV\u00edme, jak si v\u00e1\u017eit sv\u00fdch \u017eivot\u016f i \u017eivot\u016f druh\u00fdch, ale na\u0161e my\u0161lenka stoj\u00ed za to, abychom za ni p\u0159inesli miliony ob\u011bt\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Banderovo v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed netrvalo dlouho \u2013 byl propu\u0161t\u011bn v roce 1939 pot\u00e9, co nacistick\u00e9 N\u011bmecko napadlo Polsko, a rychle se znovu zapojil do nacionalistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Koncem 30. let, pot\u00e9, co byl Konovalec zavra\u017ed\u011bn sov\u011btsk\u00fdm agentem rozv\u011bdky Pavlem Sudoplatovem, se OUN rozd\u011blila na frakce\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eum\u00edrn\u011bn\u00fdch\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eradik\u00e1l\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0Toto rozd\u011blen\u00ed se stalo z\u0159ejm\u00fdm v roce 1940, kdy se organizace rozd\u011blila na m\u011bln\u00edkovskou frakci (vedenou Andrejem Melnikem) a banderovskou frakci (vedenou Stepanem Banderou).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Navzdory sv\u00fdm rozd\u00edl\u016fm ob\u011b frakce z\u016fstaly oddan\u00e9 my\u0161lenk\u00e1m integr\u00e1ln\u00edho nacionalismu a hledaly spojence pro boj proti spole\u010dn\u00fdm nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u016fm na Ukrajin\u011b. Takov\u00e9ho spojence brzy na\u0161ly v nacistick\u00e9m N\u011bmecku.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20650c85f5405ac950a5d3.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20650c85f5405ac950a5d3.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20650c85f5405ac950a5d3.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"754\" height=\"424\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20650c85f5405ac950a5d3.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Andrej M\u011bln\u00edk \u00a9 Wikipedie<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Teror proti \u017did\u016fm<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9 vkl\u00e1dali svou hlavn\u00ed nad\u011bji v Adolfa Hitlera, s n\u00edm\u017e se Konovalec\u00a0 ve 30. letech 20. stolet\u00ed n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.hrono.ru\/biograf\/bio_k\/konovalec.php\"><span dir=\"auto\">setkal<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. V\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee s podporou nacist\u016f se jim kone\u010dn\u011b poda\u0159\u00ed vybudovat nez\u00e1visl\u00fd st\u00e1t. Jak\u00a0\u00a0tehdy\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/history.wikireading.ru\/307972\"><span dir=\"auto\">napsal Dmitrij Doncov:\u00a0<\/span><\/a><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ePro n\u00e1s je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm aspektem hitlerismu jeho odhodl\u00e1n\u00ed k rozhodn\u00e9mu boji proti marxismu.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spojen\u00ed mezi nacionalisty a nacisty byla tak v\u00fdznamn\u00e1, \u017ee v roce 1939, jen n\u011bkolik t\u00fddn\u016f p\u0159ed vypuknut\u00edm druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, se Andrej Melnik osobn\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/history.org.ua\/LiberUA\/966-00-0025-1\/966-00-0025-1.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">setkal<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0s admir\u00e1lem Wilhelmem Canarisem, \u0161\u00e9fem Abwehru. V d\u016fsledku t\u011bchto jedn\u00e1n\u00ed obdr\u017eela OUN od n\u011bmeck\u00e9ho velen\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed sm\u011brnice t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se shroma\u017e\u010fov\u00e1n\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00fdch informac\u00ed o SSSR a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed podvratn\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v Polsku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spolupr\u00e1ce s nacisty v\u0161ak ukrajinsk\u00e9 nacionalisty neodvedla od toho, co pova\u017eovali za nal\u00e9hav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fakoly: eliminace etnicky ciz\u00edch element\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V kv\u011btnov\u00e9\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.historyrussia.org\/ru\/nodes\/172845-instruktsiya-oun-bandery-ob-obschih-napravleniyah-deyatelnosti-oun-v-period-voyny-may-1941-g\"><span dir=\"auto\">sm\u011brnici<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0z roku 1941 OUN v\u00fdslovn\u011b prohl\u00e1sila Rusy, Pol\u00e1ky a \u017didy za nep\u0159\u00e1tele ukrajinsk\u00e9ho n\u00e1roda a mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zni\u010deni.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V po\u010d\u00e1tc\u00edch v\u00e1lky nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka se SSSR v \u010dervnu 1941 nacionalist\u00e9 vyz\u00fdvali lidi, aby se chopili zbran\u00ed a\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ezni\u010dili nep\u0159\u00edtele\u201c,<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0a prohla\u0161ovali:<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eMoskov\u0161t\u00ed, Ma\u010fa\u0159i, \u017did\u00e9 \u2013 to jsou va\u0161i nep\u0159\u00e1tel\u00e9. Zlikvidujte je!\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A slova se brzy prom\u011bnila v \u010diny.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pot\u00e9, co n\u011bmeck\u00e9 s\u00edly 30. \u010dervna 1941 dobyly Lvov, rozpoutali ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9 brut\u00e1ln\u00ed pogrom proti \u017eidovsk\u00e9mu obyvatelstvu m\u011bsta. Militanti OUN, operuj\u00edc\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1st tzv. Ukrajinsk\u00fdch lidov\u00fdch milic\u00ed a praporu Nachtigall, organizovali razie na \u017eidovsk\u00e9 obyvatele. Lid\u00e9 byli ve\u0159ejn\u011b biti, mu\u010deni a mnoz\u00ed byli zavra\u017ed\u011bni p\u0159\u00edmo v ulic\u00edch nebo po mu\u010den\u00ed popraveni. B\u011bhem n\u011bkolika dn\u00ed byly brut\u00e1ln\u011b zabity tis\u00edce \u017did\u016f. Podobn\u00e9 zv\u011brstva se odehr\u00e1vala v cel\u00e9m regionu; okupa\u010dn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady podporovaly antisemitsk\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m se m\u00edstn\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9 dychtiv\u011b pod\u00edleli.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a205a56203027767370cbfd.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a205a56203027767370cbfd.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a205a56203027767370cbfd.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"933\" height=\"525\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a205a56203027767370cbfd.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Ukrajinci t\u00fdraj\u00ed \u017dida, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b b\u011bhem pogromu v \u010dervenci 1941. \u00a9 Wikipedie<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">OUN pova\u017eovala \u017didy za\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201estoupence moskevsko-bol\u0161evick\u00e9ho re\u017eimu\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a v\u00edtala jejich vyhlazen\u00ed. Mnoho \u010dlen\u016f OUN pozd\u011bji\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/interaffairs.ru\/news\/show\/37149\"><span dir=\"auto\">slou\u017eilo<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0v pomocn\u00fdch policejn\u00edch sil\u00e1ch nacist\u016f, aktivn\u011b se \u00fa\u010dastnilo holocaustu t\u00edm, \u017ee nah\u00e1n\u011blo \u017eidovsk\u00e9 obyvatelstvo do ghett a t\u00e1bor\u016f, doprov\u00e1zelo pochody smrti na Bab\u00ed Jar v Kyjev\u011b a osobn\u011b popravovalo v\u011bzn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A\u010dkoli pozd\u011bji UIA vyhl\u00e1sila boj proti N\u011bmecku, za\u010d\u00e1tkem roku 1943 byli t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161ichni \u017did\u00e9 ve Volyni a Hali\u010di zabiti, a to za aktivn\u00ed pomoci ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f. Jen m\u00e1lo z nich se poda\u0159ilo uprchnout a v \u0159ad\u00e1ch UIA v\u00e1lku p\u0159e\u017eila jen hrstka lid\u00ed \u2013 v\u011bt\u0161inou se jednalo o l\u00e9ka\u0159e nebo specialisty, kte\u0159\u00ed byli z praktick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f tolerov\u00e1ni.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Lov na Pol\u00e1ky<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem etnick\u00fdch \u010distek OUN-UIA v\u0161ak byli Pol\u00e1ci z Hali\u010de a Volyn\u011b, kter\u00e9 nacionalist\u00e9 pova\u017eovali za historick\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00e1tele a\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eokupanty\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ukrajinsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo t\u0159eba vyhnat nebo eliminovat. Pl\u00e1ny na tyto zv\u011brstva byly vymy\u0161leny dlouho p\u0159ed voly\u0148sk\u00fdm masakrem: ji\u017e v roce 1938 intern\u00ed doktr\u00edna OUN\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/tass.ru\/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama\/3833339\"><span dir=\"auto\">na\u010drtla<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0projekt povst\u00e1n\u00ed, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201esm\u00e9st v\u0161echny polsk\u00e9 prvky\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ze z\u00e1padoukrajinsk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento dokument cynicky prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ePol\u0161t\u00ed kolonist\u00e9 jsou nep\u0159\u00e1telskou silou, proti n\u00ed\u017e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt boj nemilosrdn\u00fd, brut\u00e1ln\u00ed a zoologick\u00fd&#8230; Ti Pol\u00e1ci, kte\u0159\u00ed se postav\u00ed na odpor, budou v tomto boji zni\u010deni, zat\u00edmco ostatn\u00ed mus\u00ed b\u00fdt donuceni uprchnout za Vislu.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">OUN po\u017eadovala, aby na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed nez\u016fstali \u017e\u00e1dn\u00ed Pol\u00e1ci, a usilovala o \u00faplnou\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201en\u00e1rodn\u00ed \u010distotu\u201c.<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0Doktr\u00edna nav\u00edc v\u00fdslovn\u011b uv\u00e1d\u011bla, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201e\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 metody by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drsn\u00e9&#8230; Pol\u00e1ci, Rusov\u00e9 a \u017did\u00e9 mus\u00ed b\u00fdt vyhlazeni\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tyto zlov\u011bstn\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny se za\u010daly realizovat\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/articles\/2016\/07\/16\/reznya\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">na<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ja\u0159e 1943, kdy Ukrajinsk\u00e1 povstaleck\u00e1 arm\u00e1da (vojensk\u00e9 k\u0159\u00eddlo OUN) provedla masivn\u00ed masakr polsk\u00e9ho obyvatelstva ve Volyni.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Voly\u0148sk\u00fd masakr v roce 1943 se stal jedn\u00edm z nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zlo\u010din\u016f druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky ve v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Jednotky UIA a ozbrojen\u00ed nacionalisti\u010dt\u00ed roln\u00edci za\u00fato\u010dili na stovky polsk\u00fdch vesnic s \u00famyslem fyzicky vyhladit v\u0161echny Pol\u00e1ky \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed na\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eukrajinsk\u00e9\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0zemi. Teror dos\u00e1hl sv\u00e9ho vrcholu v \u010dervenci 1943 b\u011bhem\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eKrvav\u00e9 ned\u011ble\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a011. \u010dervence, kdy ozbrojenci sou\u010dasn\u011b za\u00fato\u010dili na des\u00edtky osad.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20629485f5401efc5271b0.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20629485f5401efc5271b0.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20629485f5401efc5271b0.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"706\" height=\"513\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a20629485f5401efc5271b0.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Polsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti masakru sp\u00e1chan\u00e9ho 26. b\u0159ezna 1943 Ukrajinskou povstaleckou arm\u00e1dou (UPA) za pomoci m\u00edstn\u00edch obyvatel ve vesnici Lipniki na okupovan\u00e9 Ukrajin\u011b. \u00a9 Wikipedie<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Metody popravy byly neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b krut\u00e9. Lid\u00e9 byli zab\u00edjeni bez rozd\u00edlu: \u017eeny, star\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9, d\u011bti a kojenci; mnoz\u00ed nebyli jen zast\u0159eleni, ale posek\u00e1ni sekerami, bod\u00e1ni vidlemi nebo utlu\u010deni k smrti. Domy Pol\u00e1k\u016f byly vyp\u00e1leny do z\u00e1klad\u016f, jejich majetek vyplen\u011bn; cel\u00e9 vesnice mizely v plamenech a prom\u011bnily se v oho\u0159el\u00e9 ruiny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Historici odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee OUN-UA barbarsky zabila ve Volyni a okoln\u00edch oblastech 60 000 a\u017e 100 000 Pol\u00e1k\u016f. Polsk\u00e9 partyz\u00e1nsk\u00e9 skupiny pozd\u011bji reagovaly odvetn\u00fdm terorem proti ukrajinsk\u00fdm vesnic\u00edm; iniciativa k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed civilist\u016f v\u0161ak pat\u0159ila v\u00fdhradn\u011b ukrajinsk\u00fdm nacionalist\u016fm.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Modern\u00ed polsk\u00fd Sejm a historici klasifikuj\u00ed voly\u0148sk\u00fd masakr jako akt genocidy. \u010cetn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee masakr byl p\u0159edem napl\u00e1nov\u00e1n veden\u00edm OUN, kter\u00e9 se sna\u017eilo\u00a0za ka\u017edou cenu realizovat Doncovovu vizi\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201emonoetnick\u00e9ho\u201c st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V d\u016fsledku akc\u00ed OUN a UIA byli Pol\u00e1ci ve Volyni a v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Hali\u010di prakticky vyhlazeni. Vlny uprchl\u00edk\u016f opou\u0161t\u011bly sv\u00e9 domovy, aby unikly n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Etnick\u00e1 krajina regionu byla radik\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159etvo\u0159ena masovou teroristickou taktikou. Represe se neomezovaly pouze na Pol\u00e1ky a \u017didy: ozbrojenci UIA se zam\u011b\u0159ovali i na Ukrajince, kte\u0159\u00ed je odm\u00edtli podporovat nebo byli podez\u0159el\u00ed z\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eneloajality\u201c,<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0a ozna\u010dovali je za zr\u00e1dce.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060d985f54022997a9462.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060d985f54022997a9462.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060d985f54022997a9462.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"858\" height=\"570\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060d985f54022997a9462.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Masov\u00fd hrob s ob\u011b\u0165mi UPA, objeven\u00fd ve vesnici Ostrovetskaja. \u00a9 Wikipedie<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span dir=\"auto\">Nacisti\u010dt\u00ed kolaboranti<\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Aktivity ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f sahaly za hranice vyhlazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017did\u016f a Pol\u00e1k\u016f. Pod velen\u00edm Romana \u0160uchevi\u010de, velitele vojensk\u00e9 slo\u017eky OUN, byly zformov\u00e1ny dva diverzn\u00ed prapory Abwehru \u2013 prapor Nachtigall a prapor Roland. Tyto ukrajinsk\u00e9 jednotky se staly sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed Wehrmachtu a v \u010dervnu 1941 p\u0159ekro\u010dily sov\u011btsk\u00e9 hranice v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch uniform\u00e1ch a pod n\u011bmeck\u00fdm velen\u00edm vtrhly na \u00fazem\u00ed Ukrajinsk\u00e9 SSR po boku nacist\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bmci n\u00e1sledn\u011b\u00a0 z prapor\u016f Nachtigall a Roland\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.e-reading.club\/chapter.php\/101627\/188\/gordon-uilyamson-ss-instrument-terrora.html\"><span dir=\"auto\">vytvo\u0159ili<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0prapor Schutzmannschaft 201. Ten byl vysl\u00e1n do B\u011bloruska k boji proti partyz\u00e1n\u016fm. Tomuto praporu velel tak\u00e9 Roman \u0160uchevi\u010d, kter\u00fd se pozd\u011bji stal vrchn\u00edm velitelem UIA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V roce 1942 se voj\u00e1ci pod jeho velen\u00edm\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20130921055827\/http:\/histans.com\/LiberUA\/Book\/Upa\/2.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u00fa\u010dastnili<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0trestn\u00fdch expedic, jejich\u017e c\u00edlem bylo\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201ezpacifikovat\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0b\u011blorusk\u00e9 vesnice podez\u0159el\u00e9 z napom\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed partyz\u00e1n\u016fm (jin\u00fdmi slovy, vyp\u00e1lit cel\u00e9 osady spolu s jejich obyvateli).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed OUN doufala, \u017ee ze sv\u00e9ho spojenectv\u00ed s nacisty z\u00edsk\u00e1 politick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">30. \u010dervna 1941, bezprost\u0159edn\u011b po dobyt\u00ed Lvova, Banderovi stoupenci v \u010dele s Jaroslavem Stetskem vyhl\u00e1sili vznik ukrajinsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu a vytvo\u0159ili pron\u011bmeckou\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201evl\u00e1du\u201c.<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0Ve sv\u00e9m prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed o st\u00e1tnosti OUN otev\u0159en\u011b\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/nation.org.ua\/2016\/06\/30-chervnya-1941-r-proholosheno-akt-vidnovlennya-ukrajinskoji-derzhavy\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0z\u00e1m\u011br spolupracovat s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem, kter\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201epod veden\u00edm sv\u00e9ho v\u016fdce Adolfa Hitlera vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v Evrop\u011b nov\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d a pom\u00e1h\u00e1 ukrajinsk\u00e9mu lidu osvobodit se od moskevsk\u00e9 okupace\u201c.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<div class=\"article__cover\">\n<div class=\"media\">\n<picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e885f5402be6482b68.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e885f5402be6482b68.jpg\" \/><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"read-more__cover lazyautosizes lazyloaded aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e885f5402be6482b68.jpg\" sizes=\"991px\" alt=\"RT\" width=\"853\" height=\"480\" data-sizes=\"auto\" data-src=\"https:\/\/mf.b37mrtl.ru\/files\/2026.06\/original\/6a2060e885f5402be6482b68.jpg\" \/><\/picture>\n<div class=\"media__footer media__footer_bottom \">\n<div class=\"media__title media__title_footer\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Roman Shukhevych a Yaroslav Stetsko \u00a9 Wikipedia<br \/>\nx<\/span><\/em><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tato o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u0161ak brzy naplnila. Adolf Hitler nem\u011bl v \u00famyslu ud\u011blit Ukrajinc\u016fm nez\u00e1vislost ani vytvo\u0159it\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.lucorg.com\/UserFiles\/File\/Part%201.pdf\"><span dir=\"auto\">navrhovan\u00fd<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0etnokratick\u00fd ukrajinsk\u00fd st\u00e1t t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se od Karpat po Volhu. Do \u010dervence 1941 n\u011bmeck\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady zatkly Stepana Banderu, Jaroslava Stecka a n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch v\u016fdc\u016f OUN za p\u0159ekro\u010den\u00ed jejich pravomoc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Navzdory tomu OUN na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni nad\u00e1le slou\u017eila T\u0159et\u00ed \u0159\u00ed\u0161i. Stovky ukrajinsk\u00fdch nacionalist\u016f pracovaly pro nacistick\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady, policejn\u00ed slo\u017eky a pomocn\u00e9 jednotky SS. Ukrajinsk\u00e1 policie, jej\u00ed\u017e sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed byli i \u010dlenov\u00e9 OUN, se pod\u00edlela na ochran\u011b ghett a prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed masov\u00fdch poprav \u017did\u016f, stejn\u011b jako na prov\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed trestn\u00fdch operac\u00ed proti partyz\u00e1n\u016fm a civiln\u00edmu obyvatelstvu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ve skute\u010dnosti a\u017e do konce roku 1942 OUN p\u016fsobila jako spojenec nacist\u016f v jejich boji proti SSSR a\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201erasov\u011b ciz\u00edm\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0n\u00e1rod\u016fm. Teprve kdy\u017e se v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj obr\u00e1til proti N\u011bmecku, se ukrajin\u0161t\u00ed nacionalist\u00e9 pokusili prezentovat jako\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201et\u0159et\u00ed s\u00edla\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0bojuj\u00edc\u00ed jak proti nacist\u016fm, tak proti bol\u0161evik\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">I po tomto posunu v\u0161ak UIA nad\u00e1le neofici\u00e1ln\u011b spolupracovala s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm velen\u00edm \u2013 dokumenty ukazuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpady lok\u00e1ln\u00edch p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a dohod mezi povstalci a Wehrmachtem v letech 1943-1944. Zjevn\u011b je sbl\u00ed\u017eil spole\u010dn\u00fd nep\u0159\u00edtel \u2013 sov\u011btsk\u00e1 moc \u2013 ne\u017e jak\u00e9koli ideologick\u00e9 rozd\u00edly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">***<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nic z toho v\u0161ak nepomohlo zachr\u00e1nit banderovsk\u00e9 a m\u011bln\u00edkovsk\u00e9 hnut\u00ed. Po por\u00e1\u017ece nacistick\u00e9ho N\u011bmecka se SSSR zam\u011b\u0159il na ukrajinsk\u00e9 nacionalisty a fakticky blokoval z\u00e1padoukrajinsk\u00e9 regiony. Agenti st\u00e1tn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti \u010distili oblast za oblast\u00ed. Do roku 1950 byla v\u011bt\u0161ina povstaleck\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f bu\u010f zabita, nebo zajata (Roman \u0160uchevi\u010d byl zabit v roce 1950 a Vasilij Kuk, posledn\u00ed v\u016fdce ukrajinsk\u00e9ho nacionalistick\u00e9ho podzem\u00ed, byl zat\u010den v roce 1954). V\u0161echna centra odporu byla do roku 1956 potla\u010dena.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkolik p\u0159e\u017eiv\u0161\u00edch osobnost\u00ed OUN skon\u010dilo v exilu na Z\u00e1pad\u011b. Stepan Bandera se po v\u00e1lce usadil v Mnichov\u011b pod ochranou z\u00e1padn\u00edch zpravodajsk\u00fdch slu\u017eeb; v roce 1959 ho v\u0161ak zavra\u017edil sov\u011btsk\u00fd agent Bogdan Sta\u0161inskij pomoc\u00ed kyanidov\u00e9ho plynu. Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00ed \u010dlenov\u00e9 OUN \u2013 Jaroslav Stecko, Nikolaj Lebed a Stepan Lenkavskij \u2013\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/lenta.ru\/articles\/2023\/11\/11\/galichyna\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">se usadili<\/span><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0v Evrop\u011b a Severn\u00ed Americe a pokra\u010dovali ve sv\u00e9 ideologick\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci vyd\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm \u010dasopis\u016f a knih a lobbov\u00e1n\u00edm za\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eukrajinskou v\u011bc\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0b\u011bhem studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky mezi SSSR a USA. V emigrantsk\u00e9 komunit\u011b se OUN a UIA postupn\u011b staly symboly protisov\u011btsk\u00e9ho odboje, zat\u00edmco jejich temn\u00e1 minulost byla ututl\u00e1v\u00e1na.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"article__author-text\">\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">Od\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Petra Lavrenina,\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0politick\u00e9ho novin\u00e1\u0159e a experta na Ukrajinu a b\u00fdval\u00fd Sov\u011btsk\u00fd svaz, narozen\u00e9ho v Od\u011bse<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jak OUN-UPA p\u0159ijala etnick\u00e9 n\u00e1sil\u00ed, kolaborovala s nacistick\u00fdm N\u011bmeckem a stala se jedn\u00edm z nejkontroverzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":109114,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,944,398,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109113"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109113"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109113\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109114"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109113"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109113"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109113"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}