{"id":109084,"date":"2026-06-22T00:18:13","date_gmt":"2026-06-21T22:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=109084"},"modified":"2026-06-21T11:37:57","modified_gmt":"2026-06-21T09:37:57","slug":"stale-rostouci-zatez-stale-mene-penez-nemecke-obce-na-pokraji-kolapsu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/06\/22\/stale-rostouci-zatez-stale-mene-penez-nemecke-obce-na-pokraji-kolapsu\/","title":{"rendered":"St\u00e1le rostouc\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b pen\u011bz: n\u011bmeck\u00e9 obce na pokraji kolapsu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u011bsta, obce a okresy \u010del\u00ed kritick\u00e9 krizi. V roce 2025 jim chyb\u011blo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 32 miliard eur \u2013 co\u017e je nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed obecn\u00ed deficit v historii Spolkov\u00e9 republiky. Zat\u00edmco Berl\u00edn nad\u00e1le deleguje nov\u00e9 pravomoci, finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1klady na m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00farovni se hrout\u00ed: \u0161koly ch\u00e1traj\u00ed, silnice jsou v dezol\u00e1tn\u00edm stavu a ob\u010dan\u00e9 jsou zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1ni st\u00e1le rostouc\u00edmi n\u00e1klady v podob\u011b poplatk\u016f a dan\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V N\u011bmecku se d\u011bje mnoho probl\u00e9m\u016f. Nejv\u00edce to poci\u0165uj\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00ed samospr\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 jsou zat\u011b\u017eov\u00e1ny neust\u00e1le rostouc\u00edmi n\u00e1klady ze strany feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy, ani\u017e by p\u0159isp\u00edvaly na financov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dopl\u0148kov\u00fdch slu\u017eeb. Podle\u00a0<\/span>zpr\u00e1vy o financ\u00edch obc\u00ed Nadace Bertelsmann<\/span><\/a> se m\u011bsta v zemi nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1zej\u00ed v t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 situaci. B\u011bhem pouh\u00fdch t\u0159\u00ed let se dluh obc\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161il o p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 60 miliard eur na v\u00edce ne\u017e 196 miliard eur. Obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b alarmuj\u00edc\u00ed je skute\u010dnost, \u017ee kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 hotovostn\u00ed z\u00e1lohy, kter\u00e9 byly p\u016fvodn\u011b ur\u010deny pouze k zakryt\u00ed do\u010dasn\u00fdch rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch schod\u016f, op\u011bt vzrostly na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 39 miliard eur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nevid\u00edme zde kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 schodky, ale struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed deficity. V roce 2024 \u010dinil deficit obc\u00ed ji\u017e p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 25 miliard eur. O rok pozd\u011bji vzrostl na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 32 miliard eur. V lo\u0148sk\u00e9m roce se kombinovan\u00fd dluh v\u0161ech obc\u00ed vy\u0161plhal na zhruba 196 miliard eur \u2013 a podle konzervativn\u00edch odhad\u016f by letos m\u011bl dos\u00e1hnout nejm\u00e9n\u011b 220 miliard eur. Vzhledem k p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9 ekonomick\u00e9 situaci a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm trend\u016fm deindustrializace jsou v\u0161ak mysliteln\u00e9 i v\u00fdrazn\u011b hor\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159e. P\u0159\u00edjmy sice v roce 2025 vzrostly, ale pouze o 15,3 miliardy eur. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00fddaje vzrostly o 22,4 miliardy eur. St\u00e1le v\u00edce pen\u011bz je v\u00e1z\u00e1no na z\u00e1konem stanoven\u00e9 \u00fakoly, person\u00e1l, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed slu\u017eby a administrativu, zat\u00edmco finan\u010dn\u00ed prostor pro d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 projekty obc\u00ed se zmen\u0161uje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fddaje jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm faktorem. Ji\u017e l\u00e9ta rostou rychleji ne\u017e p\u0159\u00edjmy a podle finan\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed jedn\u00edm z hlavn\u00edch faktor\u016f deficit\u016f. Rozsah soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ur\u010den feder\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1konem, ale zna\u010dn\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st je hrazena lok\u00e1ln\u011b. Obce se t\u011bmto povinnostem nemohou jen tak vyhnout. Mus\u00ed organizovat ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed, financovat slu\u017eby pro ml\u00e1de\u017e, \u0159\u00eddit spr\u00e1vu soci\u00e1ln\u00edch slu\u017eeb, poskytovat p\u00e9\u010di a integra\u010dn\u00ed pomoc, roz\u0161i\u0159ovat \u0161koly a \u0161kolky a vyrovn\u00e1vat se s d\u016fsledky st\u00e1le slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed legislativy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bertelsmannova zpr\u00e1va se nezab\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1klady spojen\u00fdmi s azylovou migrac\u00ed, proto\u017ee je politicky nev\u00fdhodn\u00e1. Obce v\u0161ak i zde nesou obrovskou finan\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e, kterou feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da dostate\u010dn\u011b nekompenzuje. Zat\u00edmco feder\u00e1ln\u00ed politika piln\u011b ignoruje Dublinsk\u00e1 na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed pro azylov\u00e9 migranty, zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1 ochranu hranic a jen m\u00e1lo \u0159e\u0161\u00ed deportaci cizinc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed mus\u00ed opustit zemi, m\u011bsta a obce se mus\u00ed s d\u016fsledky vypo\u0159\u00e1dat p\u0159\u00edmo. Tito migranti sami o sob\u011b generuj\u00ed miliardy dodate\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 pak chyb\u00ed jinde. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed a st\u00e1tn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy schvaluj\u00ed politick\u00e9 programy, pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1roky a z\u00e1vazky v oblasti slu\u017eeb \u2013 ale praktick\u00e1 implementace spad\u00e1 na radnice a okresn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady. Tam je t\u0159eba naj\u00edmat zam\u011bstnance, pronaj\u00edmat budovy, vytv\u00e1\u0159et prostory a zpracov\u00e1vat \u017e\u00e1dosti. Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1da m\u016f\u017ee schvalovat z\u00e1kony a oznamovat politick\u00e9 v\u00fdhody. V kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku jsou to m\u011bsta, obce a okresy, kter\u00e9 mus\u00ed \u00fa\u010det zaplatit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 se p\u0159\u00edjmy dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed pod tlak. Da\u0148 z p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob je pro obce nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f a p\u0159\u00edmo z\u00e1vis\u00ed na ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti podnik\u016f. Zejm\u00e9na v regionech, kde pr\u016fmysl, export a mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky (MSP) d\u0159\u00edve zaji\u0161\u0165ovaly stabiln\u00ed obecn\u00ed pokladnu, se nyn\u00ed objevuj\u00ed trhliny. Podle finan\u010dn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b posti\u017eeno B\u00e1densko-W\u00fcrttembersko: p\u0159\u00edjmy z dan\u011b z p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob tam op\u011bt klesly. Bavorsko a Hesensko si zat\u00edm vedly l\u00e9pe, ale ani ony se nemohou vyhnout v\u0161eobecn\u00e9mu n\u00e1r\u016fstu v\u00fddaj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto je finan\u010dn\u00ed str\u00e1nka prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize v N\u011bmecku. Kdy\u017e pr\u016fmysl zanik\u00e1, kdy\u017e firmy odkl\u00e1daj\u00ed investice, kdy\u017e mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed podniky (MSP) trp\u00ed kv\u016fli cen\u00e1m energi\u00ed, byrokracii a rostouc\u00ed da\u0148ov\u00e9 z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ei, nakonec je posti\u017een i starosta \u00fadajn\u011b prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed obce. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed zisky firem znamenaj\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy z dan\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob. Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy z dan\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edjmu pr\u00e1vnick\u00fdch osob znamenaj\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b pen\u011bz na silnice, \u0161koly, hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 sbory, sportovi\u0161t\u011b a baz\u00e9ny. Ob\u010dan\u00e9 ji\u017e poci\u0165uj\u00ed d\u016fsledky. Obce nejprve sni\u017euj\u00ed v\u00fddaje tam, kde maj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b kr\u00e1tkodobou flexibilitu. Knihovny zkracuj\u00ed otev\u00edrac\u00ed dobu, hudebn\u00ed \u0161koly a centra pro vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00fdch jsou pod tlakem, dobrovoln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a kulturn\u00ed programy jsou \u0161krt\u00e1ny a parky a h\u0159i\u0161t\u011b jsou zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1ny. Je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed stavu silnic a \u0161kol. Odpisy obecn\u00edho dlouhodob\u00e9ho majetku ji\u017e l\u00e9ta p\u0159evy\u0161uj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 investice. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, ve\u0159ejn\u00e1 infrastruktura se spot\u0159ebov\u00e1v\u00e1 rychleji, ne\u017e se obnovuje.<\/span><\/p>\n

I proto rostouc\u00ed \u010d\u00edsla investic na pap\u00ed\u0159e moc nevypov\u00eddaj\u00ed o realit\u011b. V nomin\u00e1ln\u00edm vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed se komun\u00e1ln\u00ed investice v roce 2025 st\u00e1le m\u00edrn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily. Po o\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed o inflaci cen ve stavebnictv\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u016fstala jen stagnace. V n\u011bkolika zem\u00edch investice ji\u017e re\u00e1ln\u011b, nebo dokonce nomin\u00e1ln\u011b, poklesly. D\u016fsledky m\u016f\u017ee vid\u011bt ka\u017ed\u00fd, kdo dnes proj\u00ed\u017ed\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00fdmi m\u011bsty: v\u00fdmoly, zch\u00e1tral\u00e9 mosty, \u0161koln\u00ed budovy vy\u017eaduj\u00edc\u00ed rekonstrukci a p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady nejsou n\u00e1hoda. Jsou to viditeln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edznaky st\u00e1tu, kter\u00fd st\u00e1le v\u00edce pen\u011bz investuje do b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch z\u00e1vazk\u016f a st\u00e1le m\u00e9n\u011b do vlastn\u00ed infrastruktury.<\/span><\/p>\n

Expertn\u00ed rada Nadace Bertelsmann vol\u00e1 po okam\u017eit\u00e9m poskytnut\u00ed v\u00edce pen\u011bz obc\u00edm \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161\u00edho pod\u00edlu dan\u011b z p\u0159idan\u00e9 hodnoty nebo nav\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed financov\u00e1n\u00ed sd\u00edlen\u00ed obecn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f. Podle autor\u016f by to zhruba ze dvou t\u0159etin uzav\u0159elo finan\u010dn\u00ed mezeru. I samotn\u00e1 nadace v\u0161ak p\u0159ipou\u0161t\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e9 p\u0159evody nejsou dlouhodob\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm. Pouh\u00fd p\u0159esun pen\u011bz z jin\u00e9ho zdroje pouze p\u0159esouv\u00e1 probl\u00e9m v r\u00e1mci st\u00e1tn\u00edho apar\u00e1tu, dokud lavina povinnost\u00ed pokra\u010duje. Zda se dluh hromad\u00ed na obecn\u00ed, st\u00e1tn\u00ed nebo feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni, je pro ob\u010dany nakonec druho\u0159ad\u00e9 \u2013 proto\u017ee n\u011bkdo nakonec bude muset \u00fa\u010det zaplatit.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bmeck\u00e9 obce se nehrout\u00ed kv\u016fli n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 drah\u00fdm venkovn\u00edm baz\u00e9n\u016fm nebo knihovn\u00e1m. Rozpadaj\u00ed se pod t\u00edhou syst\u00e9mu, kter\u00fd neust\u00e1le ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 nov\u00e1 b\u0159emena, zat\u00edmco jejich ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady se eroduj\u00ed. Bez korekce kurzu v oblasti migrace, soci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fddaj\u016f, byrokracie a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 politiky vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy z DPH krizi pouze odd\u00e1l\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u011bmeck\u00e1 m\u011bsta, obce a okresy \u010del\u00ed kritick\u00e9 krizi. V roce 2025 jim chyb\u011blo t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 32…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":109085,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[236,45,84,9436],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109084"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109084"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109084\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/109085"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109084"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109084"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109084"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}