{"id":108343,"date":"2026-06-07T00:13:54","date_gmt":"2026-06-06T22:13:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=108343"},"modified":"2026-06-06T20:57:01","modified_gmt":"2026-06-06T18:57:01","slug":"usa-uvaluji-cla-ve-vysi-10-nebo-125-na-60-ekonomik-zasah-proti-nucene-praci-meni-podobu-svetoveho-obchodu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/06\/07\/usa-uvaluji-cla-ve-vysi-10-nebo-125-na-60-ekonomik-zasah-proti-nucene-praci-meni-podobu-svetoveho-obchodu\/","title":{"rendered":"USA uvaluj\u00ed cla ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 % nebo 12,5 % na 60 ekonomik: Z\u00e1sah proti nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ci m\u011bn\u00ed podobu sv\u011btov\u00e9ho obchodu"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaly obchodn\u00ed politiku jako n\u00e1stroj k otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed trh\u016f a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eek. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup nyn\u00ed kon\u010d\u00ed. Dne 2. \u010dervna 2026 ozn\u00e1mila Trumpova administrativa n\u00e1vrh na zaveden\u00ed cel ve v\u00fd\u0161i 10 % nebo 12,5 % na dovoz ze 60 ekonomik pot\u00e9, co zjistila, \u017ee tyto zem\u011b nezak\u00e1zaly dovoz zbo\u017e\u00ed vyroben\u00e9ho za pomoci nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Americk\u00fd obchodn\u00ed z\u00e1stupce Jamieson Greer se odvolal na \u010dl\u00e1nek 301 obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona z roku 1974 a zah\u00e1jil tak nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti pracovn\u00edch pr\u00e1v v americk\u00e9 historii. [1]<\/em><\/p>\n

Dv\u011b \u00farovn\u011b cel zalo\u017een\u00e9 na prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch pr\u00e1v<\/strong><\/p>\n

Navrhovan\u00e1 cla rozd\u011bluj\u00ed 60 ekonomik do dvou \u00farovn\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b jejich ochrany p\u0159ed nucenou prac\u00ed. \u0160estn\u00e1ct zem\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Kanady, Mexika, Evropsk\u00e9 unie, Tchaj-wanu a Argentiny, bude \u010delit 10 % clu, proto\u017ee zavedly \u00fapln\u00fd nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd z\u00e1kaz zbo\u017e\u00ed vyroben\u00e9ho nucenou prac\u00ed nebo p\u0159ijaly z\u00e1vazn\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky k zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00fdch dovoz\u016f prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm dohod o vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m obchodu. Zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 45 ekonomik \u010del\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed sazb\u011b 12,5 %, v\u010detn\u011b hlavn\u00edch v\u00fdrobc\u016f, jako jsou \u010c\u00edna, Japonsko, Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Braz\u00edlie, Indie a Indon\u00e9sie, kter\u00e9 podle USTR nezavedly ani \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b nevym\u00e1haly z\u00e1kazy dovozu v\u00fdrobk\u016f z nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce. Tato stup\u0148ovit\u00e1 struktura d\u00e1v\u00e1 zem\u00edm jasnou motivaci k pos\u00edlen\u00ed vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch pr\u00e1v, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e st\u00e1le penalizuje v\u0161ech 60 zem\u00ed za nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed. Rozd\u00edl mezi 10 % a 12,5 % se m\u016f\u017ee zd\u00e1t mal\u00fd, ale p\u0159i ro\u010dn\u00edm obchodu v \u0159\u00e1du miliard dolar\u016f p\u0159edstavuje pro v\u00fdvozce miliony dolar\u016f dodate\u010dn\u00fdch n\u00e1klad\u016f.<\/p>\n

Zm\u011bny pr\u00e1vn\u00ed strategie po por\u00e1\u017ece u Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu<\/strong><\/p>\n

Vl\u00e1da buduje tento celn\u00ed re\u017eim na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u00a7 301 obchodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona z roku 1974 pot\u00e9, co Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soud v \u00fanoru rozhodl, \u017ee prezident Trump nem\u011bl pravomoc uvalit rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 cla na z\u00e1klad\u011b z\u00e1kona o mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch pravomoc\u00edch. \u00a7 301 d\u00e1v\u00e1 vl\u00e1d\u011b pravomoc vy\u0161et\u0159ovat nekal\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed praktiky a uvalit cla nebo jin\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u011b trvalej\u0161\u00ed, ale pomalej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1stroj ne\u017e d\u0159\u00edve pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 pravomoci. Ministr financ\u00ed Scott Bessent nazna\u010dil, \u017ee do\u010dasn\u00e1 10 % cla ulo\u017een\u00e1 podle \u00a7 122 t\u00e9ho\u017e z\u00e1kona by mohla b\u00fdt do p\u011bti m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f nahrazena t\u011bmito cly podle \u00a7 301, jeliko\u017e \u00a7 122 povoluje cla pouze na dobu a\u017e 150 dn\u016f a obchodn\u00ed soud ned\u00e1vno tato cla prohl\u00e1sil za neplatn\u00e1. Tento pr\u00e1vn\u00ed obrat ukazuje, \u017ee vl\u00e1da je odhodl\u00e1na obnovit sv\u016fj glob\u00e1ln\u00ed celn\u00ed syst\u00e9m navzdory soudn\u00edm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m a vyu\u017eije ve\u0161ker\u00e9 z\u00e1konn\u00e9 pravomoci, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed zb\u00fdvaj\u00ed. [2]<\/p>\n

V\u00fdjimky a dopady na jednotliv\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed ur\u010duj\u00ed skute\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady<\/strong><\/p>\n

Cla se budou vztahovat na t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u0161echny produkty z 60 ekonomik, s v\u00fdjimkou konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b hov\u011bz\u00edho masa, raj\u010dat a k\u00e1vy, kter\u00e9 USTR z cel vylou\u010dil. \u00da\u0159ad tak\u00e9 zva\u017euje samostatn\u00fd textiln\u00ed mechanismus, kter\u00fd by umo\u017enil dovoz ur\u010dit\u00fdch objem\u016f od\u011bv\u016f a textilu za sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 celn\u00ed sazby podle \u00a7 301, pokud zem\u011b dovezou stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed americk\u00e9ho textilu, \u010d\u00edm\u017e by se vytvo\u0159ila recipro\u010dn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed pob\u00eddka pro od\u011bvn\u00ed sektor. Greer uvedl, \u017ee neschopnost d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch partner\u016f \u0159e\u0161it dovoz v\u00fdrobk\u016f z\u00edskan\u00fdch nucenou prac\u00ed je nep\u0159ijateln\u00e1, proto\u017ee vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed nerovn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, kdy ameri\u010dt\u00ed pracovn\u00edci sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s firmami, kter\u00e9 profituj\u00ed z nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce nebo vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed zbo\u017e\u00ed za um\u011ble n\u00edzk\u00e9 n\u00e1klady. Cla mus\u00ed p\u0159ed vstupem v platnost proj\u00edt procesem ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho p\u0159ipom\u00ednkov\u00e1n\u00ed, co\u017e d\u00e1v\u00e1 podnik\u016fm a zahrani\u010dn\u00edm vl\u00e1d\u00e1m \u010das na reakci a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vyjedn\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdjimek.<\/p>\n

Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed vztahy \u010del\u00ed trval\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tento krok hroz\u00ed zkomplikovat prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed obchodn\u00ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed s mnoha zem\u011bmi, v\u010detn\u011b Indie, kde se navrhovan\u00e9 12,5 % clo ji\u017e objevilo uprost\u0159ed jedn\u00e1n\u00ed o bilater\u00e1ln\u00ed obchodn\u00ed dohod\u011b. Seznam 60 ekonomik zahrnuje spojence USA, jako jsou Austr\u00e1lie, Kanada, Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed, Izrael a Evropsk\u00e1 unie, vedle konkurent\u016f, jako jsou \u010c\u00edna a Rusko, co\u017e ukazuje, \u017ee administrativa up\u0159ednost\u0148uje prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch pr\u00e1v p\u0159ed tradi\u010dn\u00edmi alian\u010dn\u00edmi vztahy. Ekonomov\u00e9 varuj\u00ed, \u017ee takov\u00e1to \u0161irok\u00e1 cla obvykle zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9 ceny a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ekonomick\u00fd r\u016fst, a\u010dkoli Trump tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee cla sni\u017euj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed deficity a \u0159e\u0161\u00ed nekal\u00e9 praktiky. Toto ozn\u00e1men\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje dosud nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed obchodn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed v oblasti nucen\u00e9 pr\u00e1ce a signalizuje, \u017ee pracovn\u00ed pr\u00e1va se v budoucnu stanou \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm pil\u00ed\u0159em americk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed politiky. Pro podniky to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee dodavatelsk\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce zalo\u017een\u00e9 pouze na n\u00e1kladech ji\u017e nesta\u010d\u00ed a spole\u010dnosti nyn\u00ed mus\u00ed p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o n\u00e1kupu zohled\u0148ovat dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f. [3]<\/p>\n

Peter Svore\u0148, CEO <\/strong>ApmeFX Trading Europe Ltd.<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

[1,2,3] V\u00fdhledov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed vych\u00e1zej\u00ed z p\u0159edpoklad\u016f a sou\u010dasn\u00fdch o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e1 mohou b\u00fdt nep\u0159esn\u00e1, nebo z aktu\u00e1ln\u00edho ekonomick\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee zm\u011bnit. Takov\u00e1 prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed nezaru\u010duj\u00ed budouc\u00ed v\u00fdkonnost. Zahrnuj\u00ed rizika a dal\u0161\u00ed nejistoty, kter\u00e9 je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159edv\u00eddat. V\u00fdsledky se mohou podstatn\u011b li\u0161it od t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 jsou vyj\u00e1d\u0159eny nebo implikov\u00e1ny v jak\u00fdchkoli v\u00fdhledov\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Zdroje:<\/strong><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/china\/us-proposes-additional-tariffs-imports-60-economies-over-forced-labor-2026-06-03\/<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/ustr.gov\/about\/policy-offices\/press-office\/press-releases\/2026\/june\/ustr-makes-findings-and-proposes-action-60-section-301-investigations-relating-failures-take-action<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cnbc.com\/2026\/06\/03\/us-tariffs-60-economies-dection-301-forced-labor-trade-practices-.html<\/a><\/p>\n

https:\/\/www.cbsnews.com\/news\/trump-administration-tariffs-60-trading-partners-forced-labor-probes\/<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty vyu\u017e\u00edvaly obchodn\u00ed politiku jako n\u00e1stroj k otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed trh\u016f a sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":108344,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,1026,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108343"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=108343"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/108343\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/108344"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=108343"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=108343"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=108343"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}