{"id":107907,"date":"2026-06-01T06:26:27","date_gmt":"2026-06-01T04:26:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107907"},"modified":"2026-06-01T06:26:27","modified_gmt":"2026-06-01T04:26:27","slug":"eric-ross-dlouha-valka-spojenych-statu-proti-kube","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/06\/01\/eric-ross-dlouha-valka-spojenych-statu-proti-kube\/","title":{"rendered":"Eric Ross: Dlouh\u00e1 v\u00e1lka Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f proti Kub\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Americk\u00e1 invaze by znamenala pouze nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi dlouh\u00e9 dvoustranick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti Kub\u011b za \u201eh\u0159\u00edch\u201c znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity a toho, \u017ee \u0161la p\u0159\u00edkladem nez\u00e1vislosti na Imp\u00e9riu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V posledn\u00edch t\u00fddnech a m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch Washington zintenzivnil svou dlouhodobou kampa\u0148\u00a0<\/span>kolektivn\u00edho trest\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed sankc\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0d\u00e1le zp\u0159\u00edsnilo sev\u0159en\u00ed trestaj\u00edc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00e9 blok\u00e1dy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 ostrov dus\u00ed u\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00fd \u201e\u00a0<\/span>energetick\u00fd hladomor \u201c zhor\u0161il\u00a0<\/span><\/a>um\u011ble vytvo\u0159enou krizi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a ohro\u017euje p\u0159\u00edstup Kub\u00e1nc\u016f k potravin\u00e1m, vod\u011b, zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, paliv\u016fm, elekt\u0159in\u011b\u00a0a dal\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pr\u00e1v\u016fm a pot\u0159eb\u00e1m, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zintenziv\u0148uje \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u00fatok na suverenitu a rozvoj ostrova.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od roku 2017, kdy prvn\u00ed Trumpova administrativa za\u010dala\u00a0<\/span>ru\u0161it<\/span><\/a>\u00a0omezen\u00e1 normaliza\u010dn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed zaveden\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>za b\u00fdval\u00e9ho prezidenta Baracka Obamy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, je Kuba op\u011bt vystavena re\u017eimu ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky \u201e\u00a0<\/span>maxim\u00e1ln\u00edho tlaku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c .<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky byly z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9. Tato politika zhor\u0161ila materi\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky na cel\u00e9m ostrov\u011b, urychlila exodus v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>milionu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Kub\u00e1nc\u016f a zp\u016fsobila ne\u00fam\u011brn\u00e9 utrpen\u00ed nejzraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm skupin\u00e1m obyvatelstva zem\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato\u00a0<\/span>ekonomick\u00e1 zbra\u0148<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e1 vl\u00e1dnouc\u00edmi elitami nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed a vojensk\u00e9 mocnosti sv\u011bta, m\u00e1 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b ni\u010div\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro matky a d\u011bti.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem tohoto obdob\u00ed vzrostla\u00a0<\/span>kojeneck\u00e1 \u00famrtnost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ze 4 \u00famrt\u00ed na 1 000 \u017eiv\u011b narozen\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed v roce 2018 na 9,9 v roce 2025. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, odhaduje se, \u017ee v t\u011bchto letech zem\u0159elo p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 1 800 kub\u00e1nsk\u00fdch kojenc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed by p\u0159e\u017eili, neb\u00fdt zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00fdch trestn\u00edch sankc\u00ed uvalen\u00fdch Washingtonem. To je jen jeden z nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch projev\u016f hlubok\u00e9 brutality a nelidskosti blok\u00e1dy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedin\u00fdm \u201ezlo\u010dinem\u201c t\u011bchto d\u011bt\u00ed, stejn\u011b jako u bezpo\u010dtu dal\u0161\u00edch Kub\u00e1nc\u016f, bylo, \u017ee se narodily v zemi, kter\u00e1 i nad\u00e1le trv\u00e1 na sv\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu ur\u010dovat si vlastn\u00ed politickou a ekonomickou budoucnost mimo hemisf\u00e9rick\u00e9 struktury dominance, kter\u00e9 se Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty sna\u017e\u00ed zav\u00e9st\u00a0<\/span>v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Karibiku a po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u016fsobov\u00e1n\u00ed takov\u00e9ho utrpen\u00ed nikdy nebylo druho\u0159ad\u00fdm prvkem t\u011bchto politik. Bylo a z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>\u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm rysem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tot\u00e9\u017e plat\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>od roku 1959<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kdy Washington sleduje\u00a0\u00a0jedine\u010dnou, t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 fanatickou\u00a0<\/span>posedlost svrhnout\u00a0<\/span><\/a>kub\u00e1nskou revoluci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a obnovit neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzy, kter\u00e9 kdysi na ostrov\u011b uvalil.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jeho c\u00edlem nebylo jen podkopat kub\u00e1nskou soci\u00e1ln\u00ed transformaci a internacionalistick\u00e9 z\u00e1vazky, ale tak\u00e9 zni\u010dit p\u0159\u00edklad, kter\u00fd revoluce p\u0159edstavovala: \u017ee alternativa k\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00e9 hegemonii<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a kapitalistick\u00e9 zaostalosti je mo\u017en\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory ned\u00e1vn\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m\u00a0<\/span>\u201edobyt\u00ed\u201c<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Kuby nelze takovou r\u00e9toriku ch\u00e1pat izolovan\u011b, ani nem\u016f\u017ee zast\u00ednit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed realitu:\u00a0<\/span>americk\u00e1 invaze<\/span><\/a>\u00a0by v \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nezah\u00e1jila nov\u00fd konflikt. Sp\u00ed\u0161e by znamenala nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi dlouh\u00e9 v\u00e1lky veden\u00e9 ob\u011bma stranami proti Kub\u011b za \u201eh\u0159\u00edch\u201c znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed jej\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00ed suverenity tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 imperialistick\u00e9mu \u0159\u00e1du podporovan\u00e9mu Washingtonem, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed Kubu potrestat za jej\u00ed odpor a odm\u00edtnut\u00ed pokorn\u011b se pod\u0159\u00eddit dikt\u00e1tu imp\u00e9ria.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuba ve st\u00ednu americk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Nez\u00e1vislost Kuby je ji\u017e dlouho ohro\u017eena jej\u00ed bl\u00edzkost\u00ed ke Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm a jej\u00edmi ekonomick\u00fdmi vazbami s touto zem\u00ed. Ostrov, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 145 kilometr\u016f od pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Floridy, zauj\u00edmal \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed m\u00edsto v\u00a0\u00a0americk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159edstavivosti .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Po cel\u00e9 19. stolet\u00ed washingtonsk\u00e9 elity\u00a0<\/span>nepova\u017eovaly Kubu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0za vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1t, ale za nevyhnuteln\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch a geopolitick\u00fdch ambic\u00ed, za \u201eklenot koruny\u201c, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 b\u00fdt vta\u017een do ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1hy Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00a0<\/span>se naskytla v roce 1898.<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty \u00a0vyu\u017eily t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>v\u00e1lky za nez\u00e1vislost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Kuby \u00a0proti \u0160pan\u011blsku a zas\u00e1hly ne proto, aby ukon\u010dily \u0159\u00ed\u0161i na t\u00e9to polokouli, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e proto, aby ji zd\u011bdily.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washington prezentoval svou intervenci jako\u00a0<\/span>nezi\u0161tnou misi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0k osvobozen\u00ed Kuby. Pro mnoh\u00e9 v regionu v\u0161ak byly rozpory do o\u010d\u00ed bij\u00edc\u00ed. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, samy ukovan\u00e9 v tavic\u00edm tavi\u010di imp\u00e9ria, se v\u0161\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00edm a vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00edm, kter\u00e9 tento projekt obn\u00e1\u0161el, \u0161ly na Kubu nikoli proto, aby zaru\u010dily svobodu, ale aby nahradily\u00a0<\/span>Madrid Washingtonem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0jako imperi\u00e1ln\u00ed metropoli Ameriky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017e v roce 1829 Sim\u00f3n Bol\u00edvar\u00a0<\/span>varoval, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201eSpojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt Proz\u0159etelnost\u00ed p\u0159edur\u010deny k tomu, aby Ameriku zaplavily b\u00eddou ve jm\u00e9nu svobody<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c O n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji kub\u00e1nsk\u00fd revolucion\u00e1\u0159 Jos\u00e9 Mart\u00ed u\u010dinil podobnou kritiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9 eseji z roku 1891 s n\u00e1zvem\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/em>Na\u0161e Amerika<\/span><\/em><\/a>\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0vyz\u00fdval k \u201espole\u010dn\u00e9 v\u011bci\u201c utla\u010dovan\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a varoval p\u0159ed hrozbou pod\u0159\u00edzenosti rostouc\u00ed mocnosti severu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mart\u00ed tak\u00e9 br\u00e1nil sob\u011bsta\u010dnost proti integraci do nerovn\u00e9ho glob\u00e1ln\u00edho kapitalistick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a trval na tom, \u017ee Kuba by m\u011bla\u00a0<\/span>\u201evyr\u00e1b\u011bt v\u00edno z ban\u00e1n\u016f plantain. M\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt kysel\u00e9, ale je to na\u0161e v\u00edno!\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9, co str\u00e1vil roky v exilu v New Yorku, Mart\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>tuto kritiku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kr\u00e1tce p\u0159ed svou smrt\u00ed v roce 1895 zdokonalil a napsal:\u00a0<\/span>\u201e\u017dil jsem v monstru a zn\u00e1m jeho vnit\u0159nosti<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Historie brzy potvrdila, \u017ee tato slova byla pravdiv\u00e1. Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00edm sv\u00e9ho \u201eManifest Destiny\u201c na zahrani\u010dn\u00ed hranice Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty opakovan\u011b intervenovaly\u00a0<\/span>po cel\u00e9 polokouli<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a sna\u017eily se ji prom\u011bnit v de facto\u00a0<\/span>protektor\u00e1t<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0. Washington se tak systematicky postavil na stranu z\u00e1jm\u016f kapit\u00e1lu a m\u00edstn\u00edch elit proti po\u017eadavk\u016fm na lidovou suverenitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00ed Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty\u00a0<\/span>napadly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zem\u011b v cel\u00e9m regionu,\u00a0<\/span>svrhly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0demokratick\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy,\u00a0<\/span>potla\u010dily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0revolu\u010dn\u00ed hnut\u00ed a podporovaly\u00a0<\/span>brut\u00e1ln\u00ed diktatury<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na Kub\u011b to vedlo ke t\u0159em dlouh\u00fdm\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00fdm okupac\u00edm , kter\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaly polovinu prvn\u00edch 24 let \u201e\u00a0<\/span><\/a>nez\u00e1vislosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c ostrova\u00a0, a to od roku 1898 do roku 1902, od roku 1906 do roku 1909 a od roku 1917 do roku 1922. V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bylo c\u00edlem zachovat neokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159\u00e1d nastolen\u00fd b\u011bhem prvn\u00ed okupace a zalo\u017een\u00fd na americk\u00fdch ekonomick\u00fdch z\u00e1jmech.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto\u00a0<\/span>omezuj\u00edc\u00edm r\u00e1mci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0byla kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b odep\u0159ena kontrola nad sv\u00fdmi zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi vztahy a dom\u00e1c\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou politikou, byla nucena postoupit \u00fazem\u00ed americk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b a akceptovat pr\u00e1vo Washingtonu na jednostrannou intervenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve 20. letech 20. stolet\u00ed tento vztah vedl k hlubok\u00e9 z\u00e1vislosti na v\u00fdvozu, zejm\u00e9na cukru, do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporoval\u00a0<\/span>hluboce zkorumpovan\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0syst\u00e9m , neschopn\u00fd uspokojit pot\u0159eby a aspirace kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u016fda ostrova z\u016fstala\u00a0<\/span>soust\u0159ed\u011bna<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v rukou americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed a n\u00e1rodn\u011b kolabora\u010dn\u00ed aristokracie, zat\u00edmco st\u00e1t investoval v\u00edce do repres\u00ed ne\u017e do soci\u00e1ln\u00edho rozvoje a stav\u011bl v\u00edce\u00a0<\/span>kas\u00e1ren ne\u017e \u0161kol<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

S n\u00e1stupem Velk\u00e9 hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize a\u00a0<\/span>kolapsem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0cukrovarnick\u00e9ho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed, na kter\u00e9m se zem\u011b stala z\u00e1vislou, se nespokojenost ve\u0159ejnosti jen zintenzivnila.<\/span><\/p>\n

Do roku 1933 se vl\u00e1da\u00a0<\/span>Gerarda Machada<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 slibovala prom\u011bnit Kubu v ostrov stability pro americk\u00e9 investice a z\u00e1rove\u0148 n\u00e1siln\u011b potla\u010dovat nacionalistick\u00e9 a antiimperialistick\u00e9 proudy v kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti, stala neudr\u017eitelnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 rostouc\u00edm nepokoj\u016fm byl Machado sesazen a vznikla\u00a0<\/span>revolu\u010dn\u00ed koalice<\/span><\/a>\u00a0veden\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>Ram\u00f3nem Grau San Mart\u00ednem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017eila zpochybnit polokoloni\u00e1ln\u00ed status Kuby. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty to v\u0161ak odm\u00edtly uznat.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledn\u00e1 nestabilita vytvo\u0159ila podm\u00ednky pro vzestup jedn\u00e9 z nejkonzervativn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch osobnost\u00ed protimachadovsk\u00e9 koalice, arm\u00e1dn\u00edho d\u016fstojn\u00edka\u00a0<\/span>Fulgencia Batisty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd v roce 1934 svrhl kr\u00e1tkodobou vl\u00e1du a s podporou Washingtonu upevnil faktickou moc ve sv\u00fdch rukou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ko\u0159eny kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluce<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Batista tahal za politick\u00e9 nitky Kuby, p\u0159\u00edmo \u010di nep\u0159\u00edmo, po v\u011bt\u0161inu n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edho \u010dtvrtstolet\u00ed. A\u010dkoli jeho prvn\u00ed funk\u010dn\u00ed obdob\u00ed p\u0159ijalo\u00a0<\/span>populisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed orientaci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 vyvrcholila jeho zvolen\u00edm prezidentem v letech 1940 a\u017e 1944, \u017eivot Kub\u00e1nc\u016f se sotva zlep\u0161il.<\/span><\/p>\n

Korupce<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a z\u00e1vislost na zahrani\u010dn\u00edm kapit\u00e1lu z\u016fst\u00e1valy hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9. A v roce 1952 se Batista chopil moci\u00a0<\/span>vojensk\u00fdm p\u0159evratem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a nastolil autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd re\u017eim podporovan\u00fd zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdm st\u00e1tn\u00edm n\u00e1sil\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byl to vzestup Batisty v kombinaci s desetilet\u00edmi\u00a0<\/span>ekonomick\u00e9 nerovnosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, politick\u00e9 represe a soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zanedb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, co vytvo\u0159ilo podm\u00ednky p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>pro revoluci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed se v dan\u00e9m roce p\u0159ipravovali na \u00fa\u010dast v\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159eru\u0161en\u00fdch volb\u00e1ch,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0byl i mlad\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00edk Fidel Castro. Batistovo uzav\u0159en\u00ed i t\u011bch nejomezen\u011bj\u0161\u00edch cest k demokratick\u00e9 zm\u011bn\u011b dodalo v\u00e1hu\u00a0<\/span>pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu post\u0159ehu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Johna F. Kennedyho \u00a0, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>\u201eti, kdo znemo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed m\u00edrovou revoluci, \u010din\u00ed n\u00e1silnou revoluci nevyhnutelnou<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c .<\/span><\/p>\n

Castrova prvn\u00ed revolu\u010dn\u00ed ofenz\u00edva se odehr\u00e1la kr\u00e1tce pot\u00e9, \u00fatokem na\u00a0<\/span>kas\u00e1rna Moncada<\/span><\/a>\u00a026. \u010dervence 1953. A\u010dkoli \u00fatok selhal, Castrovo zat\u010den\u00ed a soud mu daly p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost obh\u00e1jit nikoli svou nevinu, ale legitimitu a nezbytnost revoluce, a p\u0159ednesl\u00a0<\/span>dvouhodinov\u00fd projev<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, v n\u011bm\u017e odsoudil hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00e9 nerovnosti na ostrov\u011b a re\u017eim, kter\u00fd je udr\u017eoval.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1t\u00a0<\/span>uv\u011bznil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Castra a jeho revolu\u010dn\u00ed spole\u010dn\u00edky, ne\u017e jim v roce 1955 pod tlakem lidu\u00a0<\/span>zm\u00edrnil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tresty, na\u010de\u017e ode\u0161li do exilu. Z Mexika se k nim p\u0159ipojil\u00a0<\/span>Che Guevara<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a za\u010dali p\u0159ipravovat na n\u00e1vrat na Kubu a svr\u017een\u00ed re\u017eimu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na konci roku 1956 se vylodili na Kub\u011b a zah\u00e1jili\u00a0<\/span>povst\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ze\u00a0<\/span>Sierry Maestry<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Pouh\u00e9 dva roky pot\u00e9 Batista\u00a0na Nov\u00fd rok 1959\u00a0<\/span>uprchl ze zem\u011b a vzal si s sebou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0<\/span><\/a>300 milion\u016f dolar\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ze zpronev\u011b\u0159en\u00fdch ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch fond\u016f a nekal\u00fdch zisk\u016f, nashrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00fdch na \u00fakor kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho lidu, a zanechal po sob\u011b trosky re\u017eimu zkrvaven\u00e9ho krv\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159\u00a0<\/span>20 000 Kub\u00e1nc\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kontrarevoluce v Karibiku<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V roce 1959\u00a0<\/span>nov\u00ed v\u016fdci<\/span><\/a>\u00a0zd\u011bdili vyprahlou zemi, zpusto\u0161enou supy zahrani\u010dn\u00edho kapit\u00e1lu a zkorumpovanou m\u00edstn\u00ed elitou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kub\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed revolucion\u00e1\u0159i se vydali na cestu p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek a vybudov\u00e1n\u00ed spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du, schopn\u00e9ho zaru\u010dit z\u00e1kladn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00ed \u00farove\u0148, kter\u00e1 byla kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu obyvatelstvu dlouho odep\u00edr\u00e1na kv\u016fli zpronev\u011b\u0159e bohatstv\u00ed a zdroj\u016f ostrova.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi prvn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed pat\u0159ila\u00a0<\/span>agr\u00e1rn\u00ed reforma<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>celost\u00e1tn\u00ed kampa\u0148 za gramotnost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>m\u011bstsk\u00e9 reformy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e9 vydl\u00e1\u017edily cestu k vlastnictv\u00ed dom\u016f pro kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 pracuj\u00edc\u00ed obyvatele, a antidiskrimina\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kony zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na demont\u00e1\u017e\u00a0\u00a0hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bn\u00fdch\u00a0<\/span>rasov\u00fdch hierarchi\u00ed .<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Revoluce, kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd prvek ve v\u00fdvoji americko-kub\u00e1nsk\u00fdch vztah\u016f, tak\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>zn\u00e1rodnila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0parazitick\u00fd a privatizovala zahrani\u010dn\u00ed pr\u016fmysl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da se zpo\u010d\u00e1tku t\u011b\u0161ila ur\u010dit\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>podpo\u0159e ve\u0159ejnosti<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9mu medi\u00e1ln\u00edmu pokryt\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, kterou d\u00e1le umocnila n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bva Fidela Castra v USA\u00a0<\/span>v dubnu 1959, b\u011bhem n\u00ed\u017e se pokusil vysv\u011btlit revoluci americk\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti. Ve Washingtonu se Castro dokonce\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u00a0setkal s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0viceprezidentem Richardem Nixonem, ale Eisenhowerova administrativa se k revolu\u010dn\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b rychle obr\u00e1tila z\u00e1dy a brzy se rozhodla ji svrhnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obavou nebyla samotn\u00e1 Kuba, ale to, co by revoluce mohla p\u0159edstavovat. Jak\u00a0<\/span>v dan\u00e9m roce varoval \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed J. C. Hill<\/span><\/a>\u00a0: \u201eV\u0161echno nasv\u011bd\u010duje tomu, \u017ee pokud kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 revoluce usp\u011bje, budou jej\u00edho p\u0159\u00edkladu n\u00e1sledovat i dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe a mo\u017en\u00e1 i jinde. Budeme se proto muset rozhodnout, zda chceme, aby kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 revoluce usp\u011bla, \u010di nikoli\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span>\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

V \u0159\u00edjnu 1960 bylo toto rozhodnut\u00ed fakticky u\u010din\u011bno zaveden\u00edm blok\u00e1dy ostrova. Logika tohoto vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky byla vysv\u011btlena ve zpr\u00e1v\u011b Lestera Malloryho, \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edka ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mallory<\/span><\/a>\u00a0si uv\u011bdomil, \u017ee si Castro udr\u017euje \u0161irokou podporu ve\u0159ejnosti, a proto dosp\u011bl k z\u00e1v\u011bru\u00a0, \u017ee nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zp\u016fsobem, jak ho svrhnout, je \u00famysln\u00e9 o\u017eebra\u010den\u00ed kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho lidu. Memorandum obhajovalo zastaven\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>\u201epen\u011bz a z\u00e1sob\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0na ostrov\u011b s c\u00edlem vyvolat\u00a0<\/span>\u201ehlad, zoufalstv\u00ed a svr\u017een\u00ed vl\u00e1dy<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u201c .<\/span><\/p>\n

V dubnu 1961 Washington zintenzivnil svou kampa\u0148 podporou p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho \u00fatoku na ostrov. Ne\u00fasp\u011bch\u00a0<\/span>invaze v Z\u00e1toce svin\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u0161ak nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 nepotla\u010dil posedlost Castrovou touhou po odstran\u011bn\u00ed moci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Po t\u011bchto ud\u00e1lostech se\u00a0v Kennedyho administrativ\u011b\u00a0<\/span>pos\u00edlil konsenzus :\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u201eAmerick\u00e1 politika v\u016f\u010di Kub\u011b musela usilovat o p\u00e1d Castra<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.\u201c N\u00e1sledovala\u00a0<\/span>rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0tajn\u00e1 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 kampa\u0148 zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed sabot\u00e1\u017ee, atent\u00e1ty a podporu protikomunistick\u00fdch exulant\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi zva\u017eovan\u00fdmi n\u00e1vrhy byly pl\u00e1ny na z\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho souhlasu s vojenskou eskalac\u00ed prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm vykonstruovan\u00fdch provokac\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span>Jedn\u00edm z n\u00e1vrh\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bylo\u00a0<\/span>\u201erozvinout kub\u00e1nskou komunistickou teroristickou kampa\u0148 v oblasti Miami\u2026 zam\u011b\u0159enou na kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>uprchl\u00edky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0hledaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech\u2026 [co\u017e] by pomohlo vyvolat obraz nezodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy pat\u0159ily\u00a0<\/span>\u00fatoky pod fale\u0161nou vlajkou<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti americk\u00e9mu n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvu a sest\u0159elen\u00ed civiln\u00edho letadla, z \u010deho\u017e by pak byla obvin\u011bna kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato posedlost americk\u00fdm c\u00edl\u016fm moc neposlou\u017eila. Naopak, Kubu je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eila\u00a0<\/span>Sov\u011btsk\u00e9mu svazu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00fd ostrovu nab\u00eddl ekonomickou a politickou z\u00e1chranu tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 washingtonsk\u00e9 blok\u00e1d\u011b a stup\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed se destabiliza\u010dn\u00ed kampani.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b v t\u00e9to souvislosti Castro v roce 1961 prohl\u00e1sil\u00a0<\/span>marxisticko-leninsk\u00fd charakter<\/span><\/a>\u00a0kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revoluce. Neust\u00e1l\u00e9 hrozby pro ostrov tak\u00e9 vyvolaly hlubok\u00fd a pochopiteln\u00fd pocit oble\u017een\u00ed v samotn\u00e9 kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1d\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Washingtonsk\u00e1 politika v\u016f\u010di Kub\u011b v kombinaci s t\u00edm, co Kennedy soukrom\u011b popsal jako \u201e\u00a0<\/span>zatracen\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed americk\u00fdch raket v Turecku, nakonec pomohla vytvo\u0159it podm\u00ednky pro kub\u00e1nskou raketovou krizi v roce 1962, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ivedla sv\u011bt na pokraj jadern\u00e9 zk\u00e1zy a odhalila, jak dalece byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ochotny riskovat\u00a0nesmyslnou<\/a>\u00a0, do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry samovoln\u011b zp\u016fsobenou\u00a0<\/span>glob\u00e1ln\u00ed katastrofu, aby ubr\u00e1nily zachov\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Neust\u00e1l\u00e1 \u201ehrozba\u201c p\u0159\u00edkladu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Navzdory t\u00e9to dlouh\u00e9 v\u00e1lce proti Kub\u011b se kub\u00e1nsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da a lid neopustili sv\u00e9ho revolu\u010dn\u00edho projektu. Pokra\u010dovali v budov\u00e1n\u00ed socialismu a nov\u00e9ho spole\u010densk\u00e9ho \u0159\u00e1du s c\u00edlem toho, co Che Guevara popsal jako budov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span>nov\u00e9ho lidu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c: lidsk\u00fdch bytost\u00ed, jejich\u017e motivace, z\u00e1vazky a spole\u010densk\u00e9 vztahy nejsou \u0159\u00edzeny sobeck\u00fdm oportunismem na \u00fakor druh\u00fdch, ale solidaritou a sd\u00edlen\u00fdm smyslem pro kolektivn\u00ed lidskost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuba se v\u017edy sna\u017eila tento z\u00e1vazek prok\u00e1zat na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed sc\u00e9n\u011b. Jedn\u00edm z prvn\u00edch krok\u016f zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky Fidela Castra byla podpora t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>usilovali o osvobozen\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republiky od brut\u00e1ln\u00ed diktatury\u00a0<\/span>Rafaela Trujilla<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, podporovan\u00e9 Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch desetilet\u00edch hr\u00e1li kub\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed voj\u00e1ci a poradci v\u00fdznamnou roli v osvobozeneck\u00fdch boj\u00edch\u00a0<\/span>po cel\u00e9 Africe<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zejm\u00e9na v Al\u017e\u00edrsku,\u00a0<\/span>Kongu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u00a0<\/span>Angole<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Mosambiku a Guineji-Bissau.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed intervence se uk\u00e1zaly jako obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed v boji proti\u00a0<\/span>jihoafrick\u00e9mu apartheidu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a re\u017eimu b\u00edl\u00e9 men\u0161iny v ji\u017en\u00ed Africe. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed solidarita vedla\u00a0<\/span>Nelsona Mandelu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0k tomu, aby b\u011bhem sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy Havany v roce 1991, kr\u00e1tce po propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z v\u011bzen\u00ed, prohl\u00e1sil:\u00a0<\/span>\u201eKub\u00e1nsk\u00fd lid m\u00e1 v srdc\u00edch africk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed m\u00edsto<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. \u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale na rozd\u00edl od\u00a0<\/span>Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, hlavn\u00edm v\u00fdvozn\u00edm artiklem Kuby do rozvojov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta nebylo pos\u00edl\u00e1n\u00ed bomb, kter\u00e9 by braly \u017eivoty. Kuba vys\u00edlala\u00a0<\/span>l\u00e9ka\u0159e,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0aby zachra\u0148ovali \u017eivoty. Od roku 1960 Kuba vyslala v\u00edce ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span>600 000 zdravotnick\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0do v\u00edce ne\u017e 160 zem\u00ed. Kuba t\u00edm nejen prosazuje princip a praxi, \u017ee zdrav\u00ed je\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ale tak\u00e9 vizi vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky zalo\u017een\u00e9 na v\u011bd\u011b a sv\u011bdom\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuba proto ji\u017e v\u00edce ne\u017e \u0161est desetilet\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje \u201e\u00a0<\/span>hrozbu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201c p\u0159\u00edkladu: mo\u017enost vybudovat spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a hum\u00e1nn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnost, kde st\u00e1t slou\u017e\u00ed lidem a ne naopak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je na\u010dase si uv\u011bdomit, \u017ee Kuba nen\u00ed selh\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1t, ale st\u00e1t vystaven\u00fd zlo\u010dinn\u00e9mu obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed. Nepodporuje terorismus, ale je ob\u011bt\u00ed vytrval\u00e9 americk\u00e9 agrese.<\/span><\/p>\n

( Minul\u00e9 pond\u011bl\u00ed\u00a0otiskl\u00a0<\/span>The New York Times\u00a0<\/span><\/em>koment\u00e1\u0159 podepsan\u00fd<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dv\u011bma \u010dleny americk\u00e9ho Kongresu, v n\u011bm\u017e po sv\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bv\u011b Kuby vyz\u00fdvali ke zru\u0161en\u00ed americk\u00e9ho embarga; ve \u010dtvrtek Times\u00a0<\/span>informoval\u00a0<\/span><\/em>\u00a0,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee \u0159editel CIA John Ratcliff cestoval do Havany, aby po\u017eadoval ekonomick\u00e9 \u201ereformy\u201c a uzav\u0159en\u00ed rusk\u00fdch a \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch odposlechov\u00fdch stanovi\u0161\u0165 v\u00fdm\u011bnou za americkou pomoc pot\u00e9, co Kuba prohl\u00e1sila, \u017ee jej\u00ed z\u00e1soby paliva jsou vy\u010derp\u00e1ny; a v sobotu noviny otiskly dlouh\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>\u010dl\u00e1nek<\/span><\/a>\u00a0o nepr\u016fhledn\u00e9m konglomer\u00e1tu \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9m kub\u00e1nskou arm\u00e1dou, kter\u00fd kontroluje a\u017e 70 % ekonomiky ostrova, a obvinily arm\u00e1du, \u017ee si pro sebe ponech\u00e1v\u00e1 zisky, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjmy.)<\/span><\/p>\n

Ti, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span>sam\u00e9m srdci blok\u00e1dy,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0maj\u00ed jasnou mor\u00e1ln\u00ed a politickou odpov\u011bdnost: st\u00e1t po boku kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu lidu, po boku t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed na ostrov\u011b, a postavit se proti n\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u00e1chan\u00e9mu ve jm\u00e9nu americk\u00e9ho lidu.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eZ na\u0161\u00ed cesty jsme se vr\u00e1tili p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee kdyby americk\u00fd lid v\u011bd\u011bl o pln\u00e9m rozsahu toho, co se na Kub\u011b d\u011bje, po\u017eadoval by okam\u017eit\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed blok\u00e1dy<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, \u201c\u00a0<\/span>napsali<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u010dlenov\u00e9 Kongresu\u00a0 v koment\u00e1\u0159i publikovan\u00e9m v\u00a0<\/span>den\u00edku Times.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kuba, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161ichni, kdo se stav\u00ed proti americk\u00e9mu imp\u00e9riu, si nezaslou\u017e\u00ed \u201esvobodu\u201c\u00a0<\/span>hrobu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kterou Washington tak \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span>sv\u011btu nab\u00edzel<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, ale skute\u010dnou svobodu zako\u0159en\u011bnou ve spravedlnosti, sebeur\u010den\u00ed a \u00fact\u011b k lidsk\u00e9mu \u017eivotu a d\u016fstojnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eric Ross<\/em><\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\"Eric<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Americk\u00e1 invaze by znamenala pouze nejkrvav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi dlouh\u00e9 dvoustranick\u00e9 v\u00e1lky proti Kub\u011b za \u201eh\u0159\u00edch\u201c znovuz\u00edsk\u00e1n\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,398,135,37,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107907"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107907"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107907\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107908"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107907"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107907"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107907"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}