{"id":107647,"date":"2026-05-29T00:13:47","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T22:13:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107647"},"modified":"2026-05-28T13:22:19","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T11:22:19","slug":"mlha-tunel-i-cerne-skvrny-jak-vidi-lide-s-poruchami-zraku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/29\/mlha-tunel-i-cerne-skvrny-jak-vidi-lide-s-poruchami-zraku\/","title":{"rendered":"Mlha, tunel i \u010dern\u00e9 skvrny: Jak vid\u00ed lid\u00e9 s poruchami zraku?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Podle World Health Organization m\u00e1 asi 2,2 miliardy lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b n\u011bjakou formu poruchy zraku<\/strong>. Ten, kdo se zrakem nem\u00e1 probl\u00e9my, si jen t\u011b\u017eko dok\u00e1\u017ee p\u0159edstavit, jak vid\u00ed lid\u00e9 s r\u016fzn\u00fdm onemocn\u011bn\u00edm zraku. P\u0159ipravili jsme uk\u00e1zky, jak m\u016f\u017ee vypadat vid\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i \u0161ed\u00e9m z\u00e1kalu, glaukomu, onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice nebo sklivcov\u00fdch z\u00e1kalech.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal: sv\u011bt jako v mlze<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal, odborn\u011b katarakta, vznik\u00e1 zakalen\u00edm o\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dky. Zat\u00edmco zdrav\u00e1 \u010do\u010dka je pr\u016fhledn\u00e1 a umo\u017e\u0148uje sv\u011btlu proch\u00e1zet do oka, p\u0159i \u0161ed\u00e9m z\u00e1kalu se postupn\u011b zakaluje a vid\u011bn\u00ed se zhor\u0161uje. Pacienti \u010dasto popisuj\u00ed, \u017ee vid\u00ed \u201ejak p\u0159es mlhu\u201c. Typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky jsou zaml\u017een\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed a zkreslen\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed na bl\u00edzko i do d\u00e1lky nebo zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 citlivost na sv\u011btlo.<\/p>\n

Nej\u010dast\u011bji se \u0161ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal objevuje s p\u0159ib\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edm v\u011bkem jako sou\u010d\u00e1st p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho st\u00e1rnut\u00ed oka. Existuj\u00ed v\u0161ak i jin\u00e9 p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad \u00faraz oka, jin\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, nezdrav\u00fd \u017eivotn\u00ed styl nebo u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201e\u0160ed\u00fd z\u00e1kal lze odstranit pouze chirurgicky \u2013 tedy odstran\u011bn\u00edm zakalen\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 \u010do\u010dky a jej\u00edm nahrazen\u00edm um\u011blou nitroo\u010dn\u00ed \u010do\u010dkou. Jin\u00e1 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e1 l\u00e9\u010dba neexistuje. Pokud by pacient operaci nepodstoupil, m\u016f\u017ee doj\u00edt a\u017e k postupn\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b zraku,<\/em>\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Andrea Janekov\u00e1, Ph.D., FEBO, FEBOS-CR a dod\u00e1v\u00e1: \u201eOperace \u0161ed\u00e9ho z\u00e1kalu se v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b prov\u00e1d\u00ed ambulantn\u011b a je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch a nejbezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch chirurgick\u00fdch z\u00e1krok\u016f.<\/em>\u201c<\/em><\/p>\n

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Zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal: tunelov\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Zelen\u00fd z\u00e1kal neboli glaukom, je z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m doch\u00e1z\u00ed k postupn\u00e9mu po\u0161kozen\u00ed a odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed zrakov\u00e9ho nervu. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm t\u00edm, \u017ee v ran\u00e9m stadiu nebol\u00ed ani nezp\u016fsobuje v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, ale postupn\u011b m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e\u00a0k \u00fapln\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b zraku. Nejd\u0159\u00edve doch\u00e1z\u00ed k mal\u00fdm v\u00fdpadk\u016fm v zorn\u00e9m poli, kter\u00fdch si pacient nemus\u00ed v\u016fbec v\u0161imnout. Postupn\u011b ale doch\u00e1z\u00ed ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b perifern\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed a nel\u00e9\u010den\u00fd glaukom m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e k takzvan\u00e9mu tunelov\u00e9mu vid\u011bn\u00ed \u2013 \u010dlov\u011bk pak vid\u00ed, jako by se d\u00edval skrze \u00fazkou trubici.<\/p>\n

Hlavn\u00edm rizikov\u00fdm faktorem je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd nitroo\u010dn\u00ed tlak.\u00a0Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed riziko maj\u00ed lid\u00e9 nad 40 let, zejm\u00e9na senio\u0159i, ale tak\u00e9 osoby s genetickou predispozic\u00ed, cukrovkou, migr\u00e9nami nebo dlouhodob\u00fdm stresem.<\/p>\n

\u201ePo\u0161kozen\u00ed zrakov\u00e9ho nervu zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 glaukomem bohu\u017eel nelze vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt. Spr\u00e1vn\u011b zvolenou l\u00e9\u010dbou ale dok\u00e1\u017eeme zpomalit dal\u0161\u00ed zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zachovat pacientovi co nejd\u00e9le funk\u010dn\u00ed zrak,<\/em>\u201c<\/em> vysv\u011btluje pan\u00ed doktorka Janekov\u00e1. L\u00e9\u010dba spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ve sni\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nitroo\u010dn\u00edho tlaku \u2013 pomoc\u00ed o\u010dn\u00edch kapek, laserov\u00fdch z\u00e1krok\u016f nebo chirurgick\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n

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Makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace: deformovan\u00e9 tvary a ztr\u00e1ta centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

P\u0159i makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degeneraci doch\u00e1z\u00ed k po\u0161kozen\u00ed tzv. \u017elut\u00e9 skvrny, co\u017e vede k postupn\u00e9mu zhor\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edho vid\u011bn\u00ed. Onemocn\u011bn\u00ed m\u00e1 dv\u011b podoby \u2013 suchou a vlhkou. Zat\u00edmco such\u00e1 forma postupuje v\u011bt\u0161inou pomalu, vlhk\u00e1 forma m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k v\u00fdrazn\u00e9mu zhor\u0161en\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika t\u00fddn\u016f \u010di dokonce i dn\u016f.<\/p>\n

\u201eJi\u017e od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku t\u00e9to nemoci pacienti ztr\u00e1cej\u00ed schopnost \u010d\u00edst, rozezn\u00e1vat zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tv\u00e1\u0159e, barvy a v\u0161echny tvary vn\u00edmaj\u00ed pok\u0159iven\u011b. Riziko ztr\u00e1ty centr\u00e1ln\u00ed zrakov\u00e9 ostrosti je u tohoto onemocn\u011bn\u00ed opravdu vysok\u00e9 a \u010das hraje kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli. \u010c\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve je makul\u00e1rn\u00ed degenerace zachycena a zah\u00e1jena l\u00e9\u010dba, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je \u0161ance zachovat si funk\u010dn\u00ed zrak a kvalitu \u017eivota,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje MUDr. Lucie Frantlov\u00e1, FEBO.<\/p>\n

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Odchl\u00edpen\u00e1 s\u00edtnice: z\u00e1blesky, st\u00edn a n\u00e1hl\u00e9 zhor\u0161en\u00ed vid\u011bn\u00ed<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Odchl\u00edpen\u00ed s\u00edtnice pat\u0159\u00ed mezi akutn\u00ed a velmi z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e1 o\u010dn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed. Doch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159i n\u011bm k odd\u011blen\u00ed s\u00edtnice od spodn\u00edch vrstev oka, kter\u00e9 ji vy\u017eivuj\u00ed. Pokud nen\u00ed stav rychle \u0159e\u0161en, m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st a\u017e k trval\u00e9 ztr\u00e1t\u011b zraku.<\/p>\n

Typick\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky b\u00fdvaj\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u00e9 z\u00e1blesky, n\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdskyt v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed tmav\u00fdch te\u010dek nebo pocit \u201epadaj\u00edc\u00ed opony\u201c \u010di st\u00ednu v zorn\u00e9m poli. Vid\u011bn\u00ed se m\u016f\u017ee rychle zhor\u0161ovat a obraz b\u00fdv\u00e1 deformovan\u00fd nebo rozmazan\u00fd. Riziko odchl\u00edpen\u00ed s\u00edtnice je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed nap\u0159\u00edklad u siln\u011b kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00fdch pacient\u016f, po \u00farazech oka nebo po n\u011bkter\u00fdch operac\u00edch. \u201eOdchl\u00edpen\u00e1 s\u00edtnice je stav, kter\u00fd vy\u017eaduje okam\u017eit\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. \u010cas je v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed \u2013 \u010d\u00edm d\u0159\u00edve pacient p\u0159ijde k vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a podstoup\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu, t\u00edm v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed je \u0161ance na z\u00e1chranu zraku,\u201c <\/em>upozor\u0148uje l\u00e9ka\u0159ka Frantlov\u00e1. L\u00e9\u010dba je chirurgick\u00e1 a c\u00edlem operace je s\u00edtnici znovu p\u0159ilo\u017eit a obnovit jej\u00ed spr\u00e1vnou funkci.<\/p>\n

Sklivcov\u00e9 z\u00e1kaly: te\u010dky a \u201emu\u0161ky\u201c p\u0159ed o\u010dima<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Sklivcov\u00e9 z\u00e1kaly pat\u0159\u00ed mezi velmi \u010dast\u00e9 obt\u00ed\u017ee, zejm\u00e9na ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku. Pacienti je popisuj\u00ed jako pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se te\u010dky, nitky, mu\u0161ky nebo pavu\u010dinky, kter\u00e9 se objevuj\u00ed v zorn\u00e9m poli, nejv\u00edce nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i pohledu na sv\u011btlou plochu nebo oblohu. Vznikaj\u00ed zm\u011bnami ve sklivci \u2013 gelovit\u00e9 hmot\u011b uvnit\u0159 oka. Ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f jsou ne\u0161kodn\u00e9 a souvisej\u00ed s p\u0159irozen\u00fdm st\u00e1rnut\u00edm oka. \u201eB\u011b\u017en\u00e9 sklivcov\u00e9 z\u00e1kaly v\u011bt\u0161inou nep\u0159edstavuj\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd probl\u00e9m. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby je lze po konzultaci s l\u00e9ka\u0159em odstranit laserovou vitreol\u00fdzou nebo opera\u010dn\u00edm z\u00e1krokem,<\/em>\u201c vysv\u011btluje pan\u00ed doktorka Frantlov\u00e1.<\/p>\n

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 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podle World Health Organization m\u00e1 asi 2,2 miliardy lid\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b n\u011bjakou formu poruchy zraku….<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":104604,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[9146,11051,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107647"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107647"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107647\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":107652,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107647\/revisions\/107652"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107647"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107647"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107647"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}