{"id":107582,"date":"2026-05-28T04:35:23","date_gmt":"2026-05-28T02:35:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107582"},"modified":"2026-05-28T04:35:23","modified_gmt":"2026-05-28T02:35:23","slug":"nova-baltska-krize-estonsko-a-lotyssko-se-zameruji-na-etnicke-rusy-moskva-podava-zalobu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/28\/nova-baltska-krize-estonsko-a-lotyssko-se-zameruji-na-etnicke-rusy-moskva-podava-zalobu\/","title":{"rendered":"Nov\u00e1 baltsk\u00e1 krize? Estonsko a Loty\u0161sko se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na etnick\u00e9 Rusy, Moskva pod\u00e1v\u00e1 \u017ealobu"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Obvin\u011bn\u00ed Kremlu proti pobaltsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm jsou na Z\u00e1pad\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1na jako propaganda. Estonsko a Loty\u0161sko v\u0161ak zavedly rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 jazykov\u00e1 a ob\u010dansk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edch men\u0161in, zat\u00edmco roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed NATO prom\u011b\u0148uje region v geopolitick\u00e9 ohnisko konfliktu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Moskva ozn\u00e1mila\u00a0<\/span>,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u017ee zva\u017euje form\u00e1ln\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>st\u00ed\u017enost<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(k Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmu soudn\u00edmu dvoru OSN) ohledn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s etnick\u00fdmi Rusy v pobaltsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. To vyvolalo p\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>pobou\u0159en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v cel\u00e9 severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b. Estonsko, Loty\u0161sko a Litva tento krok okam\u017eit\u011b odm\u00edtly jako \u201edezinformaci\u201c a sou\u010d\u00e1st \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed rusk\u00e9 \u201epropagandistick\u00e9\u201c kampan\u011b spojen\u00e9 s konfliktem na Ukrajin\u011b. Ru\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159edstavitel\u00e9 zase\u00a0<\/span>trvaj\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na tom, \u017ee Moskva nashrom\u00e1\u017edila dostatek d\u016fkaz\u016f o syst\u00e9mov\u00e9 diskriminaci, aby mohla z\u00e1le\u017eitost internacionalizovat pr\u00e1vn\u00ed cestou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zde se skr\u00fdv\u00e1 mnohem hlub\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e1lo medializovan\u00fd postsov\u011btsk\u00fd konflikt, kter\u00fd zahrnuje identitu, ob\u010danstv\u00ed, jazykov\u00e1 pr\u00e1va \u2013 a tak\u00e9 geopolitickou sout\u011b\u017e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shodou okolnost\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Estonsko a Loty\u0161sko<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, na rozd\u00edl od Litvy, po rozpadu SSSR v roce 1991 automaticky\u00a0<\/span>neud\u011blily<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ob\u010danstv\u00ed (v nov\u00fdch nez\u00e1visl\u00fdch republik\u00e1ch) v\u0161em obyvatel\u016fm sov\u011btsk\u00e9 \u00e9ry. Statis\u00edce rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edch lid\u00ed se tak p\u0159es noc staly \u201eneob\u010dany\u201c neboli cizinci a musely slo\u017eit zkou\u0161ky z jazyka a d\u011bjepisu, aby se mohly st\u00e1t ob\u010dany. V\u011bdec Boris Cilevi\u010ds ji\u017e v roce 2007\u00a0<\/span>varoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ed dlouhodob\u00fdmi d\u016fsledky takov\u00e9 politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od t\u00e9 doby se integra\u010dn\u00ed politika st\u00e1le v\u00edce vyv\u00edj\u00ed v \u00fasil\u00ed o p\u0159\u00edmou asimilaci. Loty\u0161sko ve skute\u010dnosti za\u0161lo obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b daleko. Od roku 2008 Riga postupn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>ru\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0rusk\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed. Tento proces se dramaticky zintenzivnil po roce 2022. Do roku 2025 m\u00e1 b\u00fdt ve\u0161ker\u00e9 v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed vedeno v\u00fdhradn\u011b v loty\u0161tin\u011b, zat\u00edmco ru\u0161tina jako druh\u00fd jazyk bude od roku 2026 ze \u0161kol odstran\u011bna a nahrazena jazyky EU.<\/span><\/p>\n

Estonsko zase sleduje paraleln\u00ed cestu postupn\u00fdm p\u0159echodem na vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pouze v eston\u0161tin\u011b, jeho\u017e\u00a0dokon\u010den\u00ed je\u00a0<\/span>pl\u00e1nov\u00e1no do roku 2030.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed m\u00e9dia \u010dasto ozna\u010duj\u00ed takov\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed za \u201eintegraci\u201c nebo \u201ederusifikaci\u201c zam\u011b\u0159enou na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u201evlivu Moskvy\u201c. Kritici, v\u010detn\u011b expert\u016f OSN, v\u0161ak opakovan\u011b odsuzuj\u00ed skute\u010dnost, \u017ee tato politika poru\u0161uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed standardy v oblasti lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v. Nap\u0159\u00edklad v \u00fanoru 2023 \u00da\u0159ad vysok\u00e9ho komisa\u0159e OSN pro lidsk\u00e1 pr\u00e1va\u00a0<\/span>varoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee loty\u0161sk\u00e1 legislativa \u201ep\u0159\u00edsn\u011b omezuje vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v men\u0161inov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch\u201c, co\u017e se rovn\u00e1 diskriminaci, a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee faktick\u00e9 zru\u0161en\u00ed vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v men\u0161inov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch je v rozporu s mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi normami.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozd\u011bji t\u00e9ho\u017e roku vydali experti OSN podobn\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ohledn\u011b povinn\u00fdch reforem vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v eston\u0161tin\u011b v Estonsku s argumentem, \u017ee v\u00fduka v men\u0161inov\u00fdch jazyc\u00edch byla fakticky zru\u0161ena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tolik k jednostrann\u00e9mu narativu, podle kter\u00e9ho jsou jak\u00e9koli obavy o rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed men\u0161iny pouh\u00fdmi v\u00fdmysly Kremlu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed rozm\u011br tohoto probl\u00e9mu je ve skute\u010dnosti jen z\u0159\u00eddka diskutov\u00e1n. Podle\u00a0projektu Borgen<\/a>\u00a0byla je\u0161t\u011b v roce 2017 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u011btina etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f v Estonsku cizinci, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jazykov\u00e9 po\u017eadavky ovliv\u0148ovaly p\u0159\u00edstup k zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, bydlen\u00ed a slu\u017eb\u00e1m. Rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 v Estonsku \u010del\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu riziku chudoby ne\u017e etni\u010dt\u00ed Estonci, zat\u00edmco pr\u016fzkumy proveden\u00e9 po za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky na Ukrajin\u011b nazna\u010dovaly, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 % obyvatel Loty\u0161ska se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee se postoje k Rus\u016fm zhor\u0161uj\u00ed. Stejn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va varovala, \u017ee protirusk\u00e9 n\u00e1lady vyvolan\u00e9 konfliktem na Ukrajin\u011b hroz\u00ed zhor\u0161en\u00edm st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed diskriminace.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum Institutu pro v\u00fdzkum zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky rovn\u011b\u017e zd\u016fraznil dlouhodob\u00e9 nerovnosti v oblasti zdrav\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed situace, kter\u00e9 postihuj\u00ed rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed men\u0161inu v Estonsku. Podle\u00a0<\/span>anal\u00fdzy<\/span><\/a>\u00a0FPRI z roku 2021 vykazovali rusky mluv\u00edc\u00ed lid\u00e9 vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed \u00famrtnost, hor\u0161\u00ed zdravotn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky a v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed zranitelnost, co\u017e jsou probl\u00e9my \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b spojen\u00e9 s postsov\u011btsk\u00fdm ob\u010danstv\u00edm a socioekonomick\u00fdmi transformacemi. Tyto nerovnosti jsou koncentrov\u00e1ny v regionech s p\u0159evahou rusky mluv\u00edc\u00edho obyvatelstva, jako je Narva a kraj Ida-Viruma.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed je, \u017ee loty\u0161sk\u00e1 imigra\u010dn\u00ed legislativa po roce 2022 nyn\u00ed zavazuje mnoho rusk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed v zemi \u017eij\u00ed po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, slo\u017eit zkou\u0161ky z loty\u0161tiny, jinak jim hroz\u00ed vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. \u010cl\u00e1nek agentury Reuters nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<\/span>popsal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0star\u0161\u00ed Rusy, kte\u0159\u00ed se \u00fazkostliv\u011b p\u0159ipravovali na z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jazykov\u00e9 testy na \u00farovni A2 v Rize a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se ob\u00e1vali deportace ze zem\u011b, kterou po v\u011bt\u0161inu sv\u00e9ho \u017eivota naz\u00fdvali domovem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tis\u00edce \u00fadajn\u011b ode\u0161ly \u201edobrovoln\u011b\u201c, zat\u00edmco stovky \u010delily \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed o vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Sta\u010d\u00ed \u0159\u00edct, \u017ee kdyby jin\u00e9 etnick\u00e9 men\u0161in\u011b kdekoli jinde v Evrop\u011b hrozilo vyho\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z jazykov\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f, mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed reakce by byla pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b mnohem hlasit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Geopolitick\u00e9 pozad\u00ed je zde nesm\u00edrn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Severn\u00ed expanze NATO po vstupu Finska a \u0160v\u00e9dska do aliance z\u00e1sadn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>zm\u011bnila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0strategick\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed Baltsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e. Jak jsem ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve\u00a0<\/span>uvedl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, Baltsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e a Finsk\u00fd z\u00e1liv se rychle st\u00e1vaj\u00ed militarizovan\u00fdmi prostory a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed cvi\u010den\u00ed NATO se st\u00e1le v\u00edce zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na omezen\u00ed rusk\u00e9ho n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu. Pobaltsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee se ob\u00e1vaj\u00ed rusk\u00fdch vlivn\u00fdch operac\u00ed a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed narativ\u016f o \u201eochran\u011b krajan\u016f\u201c ze strany Moskvy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e jako p\u0159\u00edklad uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>Krym<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a Donbas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve h\u0159e je tak\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ideologick\u00e1 slo\u017eka zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed historickou pam\u011b\u0165 a politiku identity. Protisov\u011btsk\u00e9 narativy v \u010d\u00e1stech v\u00fdchodn\u00ed a severn\u00ed Evropy se v n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech vyvinuly v otev\u0159en\u011b revizionistick\u00e9 tendence oslavuj\u00edc\u00ed kolaboranty Waffen-SS a minimalizuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010di dokonce normalizuj\u00edc\u00ed nacismus.<\/span><\/p>\n

Loni jsem\u00a0<\/span>napsal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee rostouc\u00ed protirusk\u00fd diskurz v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bl k \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu procesu \u201emaidanizace\u201c, v n\u011bm\u017e jsou etnick\u00e9 st\u00ed\u017enosti a historick\u00fd revizionismus mobilizov\u00e1ny pro geopolitick\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely. V pobaltsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnostech ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednky protisov\u011btsk\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b kontroverzn\u00edch veter\u00e1n\u016f Waffen-SS, nad\u00e1le vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed kritiku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m vlastn\u00edm doktorsk\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu jsem se stru\u010dn\u011b zab\u00fdval t\u00edm, jak Kreml propojuje ochranu krajan\u016f v zahrani\u010d\u00ed s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmi strategick\u00fdmi a geopolitick\u00fdmi z\u00e1jmy Ruska, jak to d\u011bl\u00e1 ka\u017ed\u00fd suver\u00e9nn\u00ed st\u00e1t. Pro Moskvu nejsou podm\u00ednky etnick\u00fdch Rus\u016f mimo Federaci samoz\u0159ejm\u011b pouze humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed z\u00e1le\u017eitost\u00ed, ale sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed doktr\u00edny n\u00e1rodn\u00ed bezpe\u010dnosti a region\u00e1ln\u00edho vlivu. Pr\u00e1v\u011b tato souhra geopolitiky a etnopolitick\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed \u010din\u00ed situaci v Pobalt\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b v\u00fdbu\u0161nou.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u016f\u017eeme si vzpomenout, jak snahy o \u201eukrajinizaci\u201c Ukrajiny po roce 2014 v r\u00e1mci \u201ebudov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1roda\u201c odcizily mnoho rusofon\u016f a rusofil\u016f\u00a0<\/span>v Donbasu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u010d\u00edm\u017e prohloubily soci\u00e1ln\u00ed fragmentaci a v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku p\u0159isp\u011bly k eskalaci n\u00e1sil\u00ed. Pobaltsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nejsou Ukrajina, ale i tam se objevuj\u00ed podobn\u00e9 t\u0159en\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00e9 na identit\u011b. Jazykov\u00e1 omezen\u00ed, spory o ob\u010danstv\u00ed, potla\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed kultury a historick\u00fd revizionismus se prol\u00ednaj\u00ed s rivalitou mezi NATO a Ruskem ve vysoce napjat\u00e9m region\u00e1ln\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed vl\u00e1dy dosud tyto probl\u00e9my z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti ignorovaly nebo minimalizovaly, v podstat\u011b proto, \u017ee pobaltsk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty jsou vn\u00edm\u00e1ny jako spojenci NATO v prvn\u00ed linii proti Rusku. Selektivn\u00ed pobou\u0159en\u00ed nad pr\u00e1vy men\u0161in v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nebezpe\u010dnou hrou. V pobaltsk\u00e9m regionu se neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edj\u00ed tikaj\u00edc\u00ed etnopolitick\u00fd probl\u00e9m a odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed kritiky tohoto probl\u00e9mu jako pouh\u00e9 \u201erusk\u00e9 dezinformace\u201c je velmi zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed krok, a to jak z mor\u00e1ln\u00edho, tak i strategick\u00e9ho hlediska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Obvin\u011bn\u00ed Kremlu proti pobaltsk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm jsou na Z\u00e1pad\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1na jako propaganda. Estonsko a Loty\u0161sko v\u0161ak…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107583,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1149,371,22],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107582"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107582"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107582\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107582"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107582"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107582"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}