{"id":107456,"date":"2026-05-27T00:20:08","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T22:20:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107456"},"modified":"2026-05-26T13:26:46","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T11:26:46","slug":"proc-chytri-lide-naleti-na-ty-nejvetsi-lzi-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/27\/proc-chytri-lide-naleti-na-ty-nejvetsi-lzi-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Pro\u010d chyt\u0159\u00ed lid\u00e9 nalet\u00ed na ty nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed l\u017ei"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Sm\u011bjeme se tomu, \u017ee dokto\u0159i kdysi propagovali cigarety a lobotomie. Ale jednoho dne se n\u00e1m budou sm\u00e1t i budouc\u00ed generace. Na co se dnes slep\u011b spol\u00e9h\u00e1me?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed informace vych\u00e1zej\u00ed ze zpr\u00e1vy p\u016fvodn\u011b publikovan\u00e9 \u010dasopisem A Midwestern Doctor. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 podrobnosti byly zkr\u00e1ceny a upraveny pro lep\u0161\u00ed srozumitelnost a relevantnost.\u00a0<\/span><\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.midwesterndoctor.com\/p\/sensitivity-specificity-and-the-art\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">P\u016fvodn\u00ed zpr\u00e1vu naleznete zde<\/span><\/em><\/a><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Od 30. do za\u010d\u00e1tku 60. let 20. stolet\u00ed byli Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee kou\u0159en\u00ed je zdrav\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">L\u00e9ka\u0159i se hrd\u011b objevovali v reklam\u00e1ch na cigarety. \u201eV\u00edce l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016f kou\u0159\u00ed Camel ne\u017e jakoukoli jinou cigaretu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ve\u0159ejnosti byl sd\u011blen jasn\u00fd vzkaz: Pokud by sami l\u00e9ka\u0159i kou\u0159ili, jak nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 by to ve skute\u010dnosti mohlo b\u00fdt?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Na sv\u00e9m vrcholu kou\u0159ilo v\u00edce ne\u017e 42 % dosp\u011bl\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e m\u00edra kou\u0159en\u00ed u mu\u017e\u016f vzrostla na 50\u201357 %.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Obchod vzkv\u00e9tal. Ale v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed tab\u00e1kov\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti u\u017e v\u011bd\u011bly, \u017ee kou\u0159en\u00ed je spojeno se smrteln\u00fdmi nemocemi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Intern\u00ed vy\u0161et\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed pouk\u00e1zala na nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ji\u017e v ran\u00e9 f\u00e1zi, ale pr\u016fmysl str\u00e1vil roky zas\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00edm pochybnost\u00ed, \u00fatoky na kritiky a oddalov\u00e1n\u00edm pov\u011bdom\u00ed ve\u0159ejnosti, aby mechanismus mohl pokra\u010dovat v provozu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pak p\u0159i\u0161el 11. leden 1964.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Americk\u00fd ministr zdravotnictv\u00ed zve\u0159ejnil zpr\u00e1vu, kter\u00e1 v\u0161echno zm\u011bnila: Kou\u0159en\u00ed zp\u016fsobuje rakovinu plic a dal\u0161\u00ed smrteln\u00e9 nemoci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">T\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 p\u0159es noc se za\u010dal hroutit jeden z nejd\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch americk\u00fdch zdravotn\u00edch narativ\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A nebyl to jedin\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ve 40. a 50. letech 20. stolet\u00ed byly lobotomie oslavov\u00e1ny jako revolu\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba du\u0161evn\u00edch chorob. Walter Freeman cestoval po zemi a prov\u00e1d\u011bl tis\u00edce z\u00e1krok\u016f \u201eledovou cep\u00ednou\u201c, n\u011bkdy b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika minut, n\u011bkdy na d\u011btech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Technologie byla dokonce ocen\u011bna Nobelovou cenou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">O n\u011bkolik let pozd\u011bji byla \u0161iroce odsouzena jako barbarsk\u00e1 pot\u00e9, co trvale ubl\u00ed\u017eila nespo\u010dtu pacient\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Dnes se s ned\u016fv\u011brou ohl\u00ed\u017e\u00edme zp\u011bt na ob\u011b epochy a klademe si ot\u00e1zku, jak mohly cel\u00e9 generace dosp\u011bt k p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se pozd\u011bji uk\u00e1zalo jako tak katastrof\u00e1ln\u011b myln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ale t\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zce je t\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed se vyhnout:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kolik l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u201ejist\u201c, kter\u00fdm dnes v\u011b\u0159\u00edme, budou budouc\u00ed generace jednoho dne vn\u00edmat stejn\u011b?<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"twitter-tweet twitter-tweet-rendered\"><iframe id=\"twitter-widget-0\" class=\"\" title=\"X Post\" src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/embed\/Tweet.html?dnt=false&amp;embedId=twitter-widget-0&amp;features=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%3D%3D&amp;frame=false&amp;hideCard=false&amp;hideThread=false&amp;id=2057076570586571151&amp;lang=cs&amp;maxWidth=560px&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Funcutnews.ch%2Fwarum-kluge-menschen-auf-die-groessten-luegen-hereinfallen-2%2F&amp;sessionId=1bf549b79e4bbd2acd4bcc3ab598805c4b2f2d0d&amp;theme=light&amp;widgetsVersion=6a3ad42b224df%3A1778106238597&amp;width=550px\" frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-tweet-id=\"2057076570586571151\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">M\u00e1me tis\u00edce p\u0159edpoklad\u016f, kter\u00e9 nikdy nezpochyb\u0148ujeme.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina z nich je v po\u0159\u00e1dku. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b nezpochybniteln\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady, kde tomu tak nen\u00ed, jsou nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Takhle to vlastn\u011b vypad\u00e1, kdy\u017e\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">up\u0159ednostn\u00edte pravdu p\u0159ed t\u00edm, abyste m\u011bli pravdu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">I kdyby to znamenalo ve\u0159ejn\u011b opravit n\u011bco, \u010demu jste v\u011b\u0159ili po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Za\u010dn\u011bme p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V kritice z\u00e1padn\u00ed medic\u00edny se po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed \u010dasto objevuje jeden narativ:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u017de chirurg James Marion Sims prov\u00e1d\u011bl v 19. stolet\u00ed experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed gynekologick\u00e9 operace na zotro\u010den\u00fdch \u010derno\u0161sk\u00fdch \u017een\u00e1ch bez anestezie \u2013 a pou\u017e\u00edval je jako\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">testovac\u00ed subjekty<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, ne\u017e provedl stejn\u00e9 z\u00e1kroky na b\u00edl\u00fdch \u017een\u00e1ch v anestezii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zd\u00e1lo se mi to o\u010dividn\u011b,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">instinktivn\u011b \u0161patn\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed to nikdy nezpochyb\u0148ovala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Prost\u011b na to reaguj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jak se v\u0161ak uk\u00e1zalo, historick\u00e9 z\u00e1znamy ukazuj\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">n\u011bco zcela jin\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Stav, kter\u00fd Sims l\u00e9\u010dil \u2013 vezikovagin\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00ed\u0161t\u011bl \u2013 byl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a nevyl\u00e9\u010diteln\u00fd. Trp\u00edc\u00ed \u017eeny zoufale tou\u017eily po \u00falev\u011b a s z\u00e1kroky ochotn\u011b souhlasily.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u00c9ter byl zcela nov\u00fd, velmi kontroverzn\u00ed a nesl s sebou skute\u010dn\u00e1 rizika. Sims a dal\u0161\u00ed chirurgov\u00e9 t\u00e9 doby nev\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee bolest t\u011bchto konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch operac\u00ed tato rizika ospravedl\u0148uje \u2013\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">a uplat\u0148ovali stejn\u00fd standard bez ohledu na etnick\u00fd p\u016fvod pacienta.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">\u017deny, se kter\u00fdmi pracoval, si navz\u00e1jem pom\u00e1haly s rekonvalescenc\u00ed, asistovaly p\u0159i operac\u00edch a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">nal\u00e9haly na n\u011bj, aby pokra\u010doval,<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0kdy\u017e cht\u011bl p\u0159estat. Ve\u0159ejn\u011b uznal sv\u016fj dluh v\u016f\u010di nim. Operoval na vlastn\u00ed n\u00e1klady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed zn\u00e1 o Jamesi Marionu Simsovi, bylo sestaveno na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">podporu politick\u00e9ho argumentu<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a nen\u00ed zalo\u017eeno na historick\u00fdch z\u00e1znamech. A v roce 2018 byla jeho socha v New Yorku po masivn\u00edch protestech odstran\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">ot\u00e1zka<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, kter\u00e1 z toho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, je stejn\u011b nezbytn\u00e1 jako nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e1:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Pro\u010d nebyla tato zpr\u00e1va nikdy zpochybn\u011bna?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Bylo to tak emocion\u00e1ln\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">dojemn\u00e9<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, \u017ee to bylo vst\u0159eb\u00e1no nefiltrovan\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Potvrdila n\u011bco\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">,<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u010demu u\u017e lid\u00e9 v\u011b\u0159ili.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">opakovalo<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0se to \u2013 po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed \u2013 bez jak\u00e9hokoli zjevn\u00e9ho pokusu o ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomenete, \u017ee v polovin\u011b 90. let\u00a0zaplavily internet\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u0159et\u011bzov\u00e9 e-maily .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Poutav\u00e9, \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u2013 zaslan\u00e9 n\u011bk\u00fdm, komu jste d\u016fv\u011b\u0159ovali \u2013 ur\u010den\u00e9 k p\u0159eposl\u00e1n\u00ed d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e jste o nich v\u016fbec p\u0159em\u00fd\u0161leli.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Prakticky ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich byl prokazateln\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">pad\u011blek<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ale lid\u00e9 je stejn\u011b p\u0159epos\u00edlali.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Proto\u017ee emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed nutk\u00e1n\u00ed sd\u00edlet m\u00e1 p\u0159ednost p\u0159ed analytick\u00fdm impulsem k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159esn\u011b tak byly navr\u017eeny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pravidlo, kter\u00e9 se tehdy objevilo, neselhalo dodnes:\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud jsou nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti ve vir\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dokonale slad\u011bny, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o fale\u0161n\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">D\u011bj seri\u00e1lu \u201eThe Sims\u201c se odv\u00edjel od tohoto vzoru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Bylo to tak emocion\u00e1ln\u011b dojemn\u00e9, \u017ee se do toho \u010dlov\u011bk \u00fapln\u011b pohltil. Potvrdilo to n\u011bco, \u010demu u\u017e \u010dlov\u011bk v\u011b\u0159il. Konkr\u00e9tnost se vytratila.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Proto se j\u00ed nikdy nikdo nevysl\u00fdchal. Prost\u011b tam&#8230; byla.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00e1 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed skupina uplat\u0148uje\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed standard d\u016fkaz\u016f na narativy, kter\u00e9 potvrzuj\u00ed jej\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed si\u00a0toho u\u00a0<strong>druh\u00e9 skupiny\u00a0<\/strong><\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">skv\u011ble<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0v\u0161imne .<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ale t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdo nepodrobuje svou vlastn\u00ed skupinu stejn\u00e9mu kritick\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A p\u0159esn\u011b v tom spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 na\u0161e chyba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Medic\u00edna je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pozoruhodn\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem tohoto jevu. L\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd obor snadno p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">fale\u0161n\u00e9 narativy, kter\u00e9 podporuj\u00ed jeho p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edsudky<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 zat\u00edmco reflexivn\u011b odm\u00edt\u00e1 konkuren\u010dn\u00ed paradigmata\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">bez ohledu na jejich d\u016fkazn\u00ed z\u00e1kladnu<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tento jev se nevyskytuje pouze v medic\u00edn\u011b. Tam m\u00e1 v\u0161ak zjevn\u011b\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">dalekos\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed d\u016fsledky<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ne\u017e t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v jak\u00e9koli jin\u00e9 oblasti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\"><strong>V medic\u00edn\u011b se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed<\/strong>\u00a0pojmy citlivost a specificita.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Citlivost<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ud\u00e1v\u00e1, jak spolehliv\u011b test detekuje to, co hled\u00e1.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Specifi\u010dnost<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ud\u00e1v\u00e1, jak spolehliv\u011b se vyh\u00fdb\u00e1 fale\u0161n\u011b pozitivn\u00edm v\u00fdsledk\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd diagnostick\u00fd test zahrnuje\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">kompromis<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma faktory. Zlep\u0161en\u00ed jednoho obvykle zhor\u0161uje druh\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">PCR testy na COVID byly navr\u017eeny s ohledem na maxim\u00e1ln\u00ed citlivost \u2013 aby se zajistilo, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 infekce nebude p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnuta. V\u00fdsledkem bylo\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">tolik fale\u0161n\u011b pozitivn\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, \u017ee velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti populace usoudily, \u017ee testy jsou vtip.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Citlivost bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9 specificity generuje\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u0161um<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tento p\u0159\u00edstup jde daleko za hranice diagnostick\u00fdch test\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Syst\u00e9m trestn\u00edho soudnictv\u00ed je toho dobr\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na citlivost \u2013 tedy na dopaden\u00ed co nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu pachatel\u016f \u2013 vede k autorit\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu policejn\u00edmu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a neod\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00e9mu v\u011bzn\u011bn\u00ed. Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na specifi\u010dnost \u2013 tedy na ochranu nevinn\u00fdch lid\u00ed p\u0159ed fale\u0161n\u00fdmi obvin\u011bn\u00edmi \u2013 zvy\u0161uje n\u00e1silnou kriminalitu, proto\u017ee m\u00e9n\u011b pachatel\u016f je pohn\u00e1no k odpov\u011bdnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Politick\u00e1 polarizace m\u00e1 tendenci ka\u017edou stranu za\u0159adit na jeden konec tohoto spektra, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00e1 strana vynik\u00e1 v rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch s pozic\u00ed druh\u00e9 strany, ale nen\u00ed schopna vid\u011bt n\u00e1klady sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Je\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u0161ak je, co tento model odhaluje o tom, jak denn\u011b filtrujeme realitu \u2013 a pro\u010d\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">v\u011bt\u0161ina z n\u00e1s pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 kognitivn\u00ed filtry<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, kter\u00e9 jsme si nikdy v\u011bdom\u011b nevybrali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00fd den ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">nev\u011bdomky filtruje obrovsk\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed informac\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a z\u00e1rove\u0148 se soust\u0159ed\u00ed na to, co jeho mysl pova\u017euje za d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Toto filtrov\u00e1n\u00ed se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nikdy ned\u011bje v\u011bdom\u011b. Prob\u00edh\u00e1 pod na\u0161\u00edm prahem v\u011bdom\u00ed. A jist\u011b s n\u00edm lze manipulovat zven\u010d\u00ed \u2013 marketing a propaganda funguj\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b tak, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed, na co se zam\u011b\u0159ujete a co ignorujete.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Lid\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">si v\u011bdom\u011b rozhoduj\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, jak jejich mysl filtruje realitu \u2013 kte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdom\u011b zva\u017euj\u00ed, co si dovol\u00ed a co odm\u00edtnou \u2013 jsou\u00a0v \u017eivot\u011b obecn\u011b mnohem\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">C\u00edlem je vytvo\u0159it komplexn\u00ed katalog\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">v\u0161ech l\u00e9ka\u0159sky relevantn\u00edch studi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 kdy byly provedeny o DMSO<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 terapii, pro kterou existuje obrovsk\u00e9, ale do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry potla\u010den\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 literatury.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ka\u017ed\u00e1 relevantn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze. Ka\u017ed\u00fd vyhled\u00e1vac\u00ed v\u00fdraz. Ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00fdsledek byl ru\u010dn\u011b filtrov\u00e1n, aby se rozli\u0161ilo, co bylo l\u00e9ka\u0159sky relevantn\u00ed a co ne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee rozsah tohoto \u00fakolu se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nepodobal ni\u010demu, co se d\u0159\u00edve v nez\u00e1visl\u00e9m l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu pokou\u0161elo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkter\u00e9 datab\u00e1ze vr\u00e1tily tis\u00edce v\u00fdsledk\u016f. Jin\u00e9 zase statis\u00edce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jeden soubor obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed pouze \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 studie obsahoval 432 960 slov a 1 258 stran.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Kompletn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd katalog zahrnuje des\u00edtky soubor\u016f, od studie o 4 331 slovech z 60. let a\u017e po textov\u00e9 vyhled\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed v Google Scholar o rozsahu v\u00edce ne\u017e 100 000 slov.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">M\u011bs\u00edce pr\u00e1ce na pln\u00fd \u00favazek.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Takto obs\u00e1hl\u00fd katalog pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b u\u017e nikdy nebude sestaven. Vznikl, proto\u017ee z\u00e1vazek byl p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00fd na to, aby se dal ignorovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/$s_!Tfkt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F47aa708e-0fef-4b7d-a53b-80153c4472ab_1324x1282.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"710\" height=\"687\" \/><\/figure>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A p\u0159esn\u011b tak to vypad\u00e1, kdy\u017e skute\u010dn\u011b dos\u00e1hnete\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">dostate\u010dn\u00e9 citlivosti<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0pro v\u00fdzkumnou ot\u00e1zku .<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina publikovan\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f? Ani se tomu nep\u0159ibli\u017euj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A p\u0159esto jim t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ka\u017ed\u00fd bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b d\u016fv\u011b\u0159uje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9k\u016f je samo o sob\u011b probl\u00e9mem citlivosti a specificity.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u00e1krok\u016f\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">zp\u016fsobuje ur\u010dit\u00e1 po\u0161kozen\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, n\u011bkdy zjevn\u00e1, n\u011bkdy nen\u00e1padn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ale mnoh\u00e9\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">z\u00e1sadn\u011b zm\u011bnily lidstvo<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Konven\u010dn\u00ed terapie nejsou ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, ale \u010dasto jsou\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">nejlep\u0161\u00ed dostupnou mo\u017enost\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A pro v\u011bt\u0161inu nemoc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">existuje n\u011bkolik sch\u016fdn\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, z nich\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd m\u00e1 jin\u00e9 v\u00fdhody a nev\u00fdhody.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee v medic\u00edn\u011b se o t\u011bchto v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a nev\u00fdhod\u00e1ch jen z\u0159\u00eddka vede\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">up\u0159\u00edmn\u00e1 diskuse<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, tak\u017ee se b\u011b\u017en\u011b \u010din\u00ed neoptim\u00e1ln\u00ed rozhodnut\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">kter\u00e1 maj\u00ed \u010dasto v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 d\u016fsledky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Proto je opatrn\u00fd standardn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd: Pokud terapie s sebou nese skute\u010dn\u00fd potenci\u00e1l po\u0161kozen\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">je n\u011bkdy bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ned\u011blat nic,<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ne\u017e p\u0159edst\u00edrat, \u017ee podniknut\u00ed krok\u016f je automaticky lep\u0161\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tento opatrn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup m\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">svou cenu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pro mnoho pacient\u016f\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">nen\u00ed pomal\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup bez nev\u00fdhod<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. P\u0159\u00edli\u0161 dlouh\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na l\u00e9\u010debnou odpov\u011b\u010f m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00edce \u0161kody ne\u017e zvl\u00e1dnuteln\u00fdch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mohli tolerovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Ale i opa\u010dn\u00e1 chyba m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Pokud budete jednat p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle, protokol se nemus\u00ed v\u016fbec stihnout projevit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Tato filozofie je proto vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pro neakutn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di ne\u017e pro nal\u00e9hav\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V medic\u00edn\u011b s vysok\u00fdm rizikem mus\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159i \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvat terapie, kter\u00e9 s sebou nesou ur\u010dit\u00e9 riziko, proto\u017ee alternativou je nechat n\u011bkoho zem\u0159\u00edt. L\u00e9ka\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed pracuj\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed, kde jsou rizika b\u011b\u017enou cenou za z\u00e1chranu \u017eivot\u016f, si zaslou\u017e\u00ed velk\u00fd respekt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Model citlivosti a specificity se ukazuje jako nejobt\u00ed\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 a nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rakoviny, kde rizika na obou stran\u00e1ch mohou dos\u00e1hnout katastrofick\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Rakovina<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0je oblast\u00ed, kde se toto dilema st\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ne\u0159e\u0161iteln\u00fdm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Mnoho konven\u010dn\u00edch terapi\u00ed je spojeno se z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdmi vedlej\u0161\u00edmi \u00fa\u010dinky a je pouze m\u00edrn\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdch. Jin\u00e9 sice umo\u017enily dos\u00e1hnout d\u0159\u00edve fat\u00e1ln\u00edch diagn\u00f3z \u2013 ale za cenu v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kvality \u017eivota. P\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010debn\u00e9 metody jsou n\u011bkdy samy o sob\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9. A pokud se konven\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba odlo\u017e\u00ed, zat\u00edmco se hledaj\u00ed alternativy, m\u016f\u017ee onemocn\u011bn\u00ed postoupit do bodu, kdy ji\u017e nebude l\u00e9\u010diteln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jak\u00e1 je tedy nejlep\u0161\u00ed cesta vp\u0159ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud to \u010das dovol\u00ed, vyzkou\u0161ejte nejprve p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed mo\u017enosti. Hledejte z\u00e1kladn\u00ed spou\u0161t\u011b\u010de \u2013 dominanci estrogenu, nedostatek mikro\u017eivin, nevy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e9 emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed trauma \u2013 kter\u00e9 je\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">bezpodm\u00edne\u010dn\u011b nutn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161it<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, bez ohledu na zvolen\u00fd l\u00e9\u010debn\u00fd protokol. Standardn\u011b volte p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed terapie, kter\u00e9 konven\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dbu podporuj\u00ed, nikoli ji nahrazuj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">UV z\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed krve<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0je vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pro zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f chemoterapie. A n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed pacienti s rakovinou reaguj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u011b dob\u0159e na\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">protokoly s pou\u017eit\u00edm recyklovan\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f,<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0jako je ivermektin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159\u00edklad ilustruje princip p\u0159esnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Ivermektin<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159i vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch peror\u00e1ln\u00edch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch zp\u016fsobovat neurologick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech rakoviny se v\u0161ak lze vysok\u00e9 peror\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky vyhnout sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00edm ivermektinu do pasty a jej\u00ed aplikac\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo na k\u016f\u017ei nad n\u00e1dorem, kde je \u010dasto\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">mnohem \u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ne\u017e jak\u00e1koli peror\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9\u010dba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A to je p\u0159esn\u011b ten kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd bod.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">L\u00e9ky se nezm\u011bnily.\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159esnost ano.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A jakmile je terapie p\u0159esn\u011bji zam\u011b\u0159ena na probl\u00e9m, ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vky mohou n\u011bkdy dos\u00e1hnout toho, \u010deho \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed nedok\u00e1\u017ee.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zde je pozn\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 v\u0161echno zm\u011bn\u00ed:<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Terapie nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u017edy siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. N\u011bkdy je prost\u011b pot\u0159eba ji\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">l\u00e9pe zac\u00edlit.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud je l\u00e9\u010dba\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">zam\u011b\u0159ena na skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, lze \u010dasto dos\u00e1hnout po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku i ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi d\u00e1vkami. Slab\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159edky proto mohou b\u00fdt n\u011bkdy \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 i v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy by se jinak zd\u00e1ly nutn\u00e9 siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed l\u00e9ky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Probl\u00e9m s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi d\u00e1vkami je jednoduch\u00fd: je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee zas\u00e1hnou c\u00edl, ale je tak\u00e9 pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u017ee zas\u00e1hnou i v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 by nem\u011bly.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To je p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou mnoha vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Modern\u00ed medic\u00edna to \u010dasto \u0159e\u0161\u00ed standardizac\u00ed protokolu, vynucov\u00e1n\u00edm po\u017eadovan\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dinku a\u00a0akceptov\u00e1n\u00edm pacient\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed na l\u00e9\u010dbu reaguj\u00ed \u0161patn\u011b, jako\u017eto\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">obchodn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f .<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A nakonec se na tyto pacienty do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry zapom\u00edn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ekou nen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k informac\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Je to lidsk\u00e1 tendence \u2013 v\u0161t\u011bpovan\u00e1 n\u00e1m od narozen\u00ed \u2013\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">chr\u00e1nit si ego na \u00fakor p\u0159esnosti.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0M\u00edt pravdu, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e si z\u00edskat je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pr\u00e1vo. V\u011bnovat se sv\u00e9mu postoji a h\u00e1jit ho \u2013 bez ohledu na to, co nazna\u010duj\u00ed nov\u00e9 d\u016fkazy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Vid\u00edme to neust\u00e1le p\u0159ed o\u010dima. Ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b je pro n\u00e1s t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 to jasn\u011b rozpoznat, kdy\u017e to d\u011bl\u00e1me sami.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 opravov\u00e1n\u00ed ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed The Sims bylo nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9. Ale stejn\u011b se to stalo, proto\u017ee paradigma, kter\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148uje pravdu p\u0159ed pr\u00e1vem, vy\u017eaduje n\u011bkoho, kdo ji zt\u011bles\u0148uje \u2013\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e je to nep\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Fale\u0161n\u00e9 tvrzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 bylo po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed bez jak\u00fdchkoli pochybnost\u00ed opakov\u00e1no. Opraveno. Ve\u0159ejn\u011b. A p\u00edsemn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Nejde o to, jak zkorumpovan\u00fd je syst\u00e9m zdravotnictv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Jde o to, jak t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 je n\u011bco v\u011bd\u011bt jist\u011b a jak to vypad\u00e1, kdy\u017e se stejn\u011b sna\u017e\u00edte d\u00e1l \u2013 i kdyby to znamenalo ve\u0159ejn\u011b se opravovat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Oboj\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt pravdiv\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V tomto kontextu pravda nen\u00ed c\u00edlem, kter\u00e9ho lze dos\u00e1hnout.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Je to sm\u011br. Kalibrace, kter\u00e1 se neust\u00e1le upravuje. Standard, kter\u00fd nen\u00ed nikdy pln\u011b spln\u011bn, i kdy\u017e se k n\u011bmu \u010dlov\u011bk krok za krokem p\u0159ibli\u017euje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed, instituc\u00ed, publikac\u00ed a obor\u016f m\u00e1\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">v\u00fdslovn\u00fd z\u00e1vazek k p\u0159esnosti a nevysloven\u00fd z\u00e1vazek k tomu, aby m\u011bla pravdu.<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161koda vznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1v\u011b z rozd\u00edlu mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma pojmy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">Oprava pro \u201eThe Sims\u201c mohla b\u00fdt ti\u0161e ignorov\u00e1na, jak tomu bylo po l\u00e9ta. M\u00edsto toho byla nahl\u00e1\u0161ena \u2013 s jasn\u00fdm vysv\u011btlen\u00edm, pojmenov\u00e1n\u00edm chyby a objasn\u011bn\u00edm mechanismu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">To je jin\u00fd druh d\u016fv\u011bryhodnosti, ne\u017e jak\u00e1 se udr\u017euje t\u00edm, \u017ee se nikdy nep\u0159izn\u00e1 chyba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span dir=\"auto\">A p\u0159esn\u011b to pot\u0159ebujeme v\u00edce, pokud chceme vid\u011bt zm\u011bny, na kter\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1me.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.vigilantfox.com\/p\/why-smart-people-fall-for-the-biggest-8e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sm\u011bjeme se tomu, \u017ee dokto\u0159i kdysi propagovali cigarety a lobotomie. Ale jednoho dne se n\u00e1m&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107457,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1503,677,940,1155],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107456"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107456"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107456\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107457"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107456"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107456"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107456"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}