{"id":107433,"date":"2026-05-26T05:29:20","date_gmt":"2026-05-26T03:29:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107433"},"modified":"2026-05-26T05:29:20","modified_gmt":"2026-05-26T03:29:20","slug":"z-quadu-k-jednotce-filipiny-se-stavaly-novym-zastupcem-ameriky-v-boji-proti-cine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/26\/z-quadu-k-jednotce-filipiny-se-stavaly-novym-zastupcem-ameriky-v-boji-proti-cine\/","title":{"rendered":"Z Quadu k \u201eJednotce\u201c: Filip\u00edny se st\u00e1valy nov\u00fdm z\u00e1stupcem Ameriky v boji proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Zat\u00edmco se Kvadratov\u00e1 zem\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s vnit\u0159n\u00edmi rozpory a zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se nap\u011bt\u00edm mezi USA a Indi\u00ed, Filip\u00edny se rychle st\u00e1vaj\u00ed \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem washingtonsk\u00e9 indicko-pacifick\u00e9 strategie. Spole\u010dn\u00e1 vojensk\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed, nasazen\u00ed raket a hlub\u0161\u00ed integrace aliance poukazuj\u00ed na konfronta\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdvoj v indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu odhaluje prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed hlub\u0161\u00ed strategickou transformaci: roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00fd\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159\u00edstup<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen na Filip\u00edn\u00e1ch,\u00a0<\/span>rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed nov\u00fdch raket<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v bl\u00edzkosti tchajwansk\u00fdch n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f, rostouc\u00ed po\u010det t\u0159\u00edstrann\u00fdch a \u010dty\u0159strann\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch cvi\u010den\u00ed a dokonce i nov\u011b vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed dohody o sd\u00edlen\u00ed zpravodajsk\u00fdch informac\u00ed mezi\u00a0<\/span>Manilou a Tokiem,<\/span><\/a>\u00a0to v\u0161e nazna\u010duje postupn\u00e9 formov\u00e1n\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00edho r\u00e1mce zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na tvrdou bezpe\u010dnost, zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9ho na Peking.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se zd\u00e1, \u017ee samotn\u00e1 \u010cty\u0159stranka je \u010d\u00edm d\u00e1l v\u00edce odcizen\u00e1. Uprost\u0159ed zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edho se nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi USA a Indi\u00ed a vytrval\u00e9ho odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho Dill\u00ed vzd\u00e1t se strategick\u00e9 autonomie Filip\u00edny ti\u0161e \u201evytla\u010duj\u00ed\u201c Indii v \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed indicko-pacifick\u00e9 strategii Washingtonu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sarang Shidore, \u0159editel programu Glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu v Quincyho institutu pro zodpov\u011bdn\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v \u010dl\u00e1nku pro Foreign Policy\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee Filip\u00edny ve strategick\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edstupu Washingtonu v\u016f\u010di Pekingu ve skute\u010dnosti \u201enahradily\u201c Indii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shidoreho argument je jednoduch\u00fd: Kvadrat se nikdy nedok\u00e1zal rozhodnout, zda se jedn\u00e1 o bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed blok, nebo platformu ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch statk\u016f. Neur\u010dit\u011b hovo\u0159il o \u201esvobodn\u00e9m a otev\u0159en\u00e9m indicko-pacifick\u00e9m regionu\u201c, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se vyh\u00fdbal otev\u0159en\u00e9mu jmenov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010c\u00edny, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm proto, \u017ee Indie se br\u00e1nila prom\u011bnit tento mechanismus v protipekingskou vojenskou alianci. Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed koneckonc\u016f sd\u00edl\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou dlouhodob\u011b spornou hranici a nad\u00e1le usiluje o strategickou autonomii prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm BRICS, SCO a diverzifikovan\u00fdch bilater\u00e1ln\u00edch vztah\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od Japonska nebo Austr\u00e1lie Indie nikdy nep\u0159ijala roli pod\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho juniorsk\u00e9ho partnera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mo\u017en\u00e1 si vzpomeneme, \u017ee samotn\u00fd Quad vznikl z\u00a0<\/span>koordina\u010dn\u00edch snah<\/span><\/a>\u00a0po tsunami v roce 2004, ne\u017e byl\u00a0<\/span>obnoven<\/span><\/a>\u00a0za Trumpa v roce 2017 (za jeho prvn\u00edho prezidentstv\u00ed, p\u0159ed Bidenem). Jeho praktick\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy v\u0161ak dosud z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nev\u00fdrazn\u00e9. Vakc\u00ednov\u00e1 diplomacie b\u011bhem pandemie\u00a0<\/span>nedos\u00e1hla<\/span><\/a>\u00a0dobr\u00fdch v\u00fdsledk\u016f . Krom\u011b toho infrastrukturn\u00ed a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed iniciativy\u00a0<\/span>postr\u00e1daly<\/span><\/a>\u00a0viditelnost; jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie z\u016fstala sp\u00ed\u0161e\u00a0<\/span>nep\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm jedinou oblast\u00ed, kde Quad skute\u010dn\u011b pokro\u010dil, ze z\u00e1padn\u00edho pohledu, byla pr\u00e1v\u011b ta oblast, kterou ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zd\u016fraz\u0148oval, a to vojensk\u00e1 interoperabilita prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm\u00a0<\/span>n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch cvi\u010den\u00ed v Malabaru<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shidore tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Washington st\u00e1le v\u00edce vn\u00edm\u00e1 takzvan\u00fd \u201eprvn\u00ed ostrovn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec\u201c jako rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed d\u011bji\u0161t\u011b proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b, nikoli Indick\u00fd oce\u00e1n. To vysv\u011btluje, pro\u010d se Filip\u00edny staly sp\u00ed\u0161e \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem americk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed. Nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed seskupen\u00ed, neform\u00e1ln\u011b naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 \u201eJednotka\u201c, zahrnuj\u00edc\u00ed USA, Japonsko, Austr\u00e1lii a Filip\u00edny, je nyn\u00ed podle n\u011bkter\u00fdch potenci\u00e1ln\u011b opera\u010dn\u011b relevantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e samotn\u00e1 \u010cty\u0159\u010dlenn\u00e1 skupina, a dokonce je z\u00e1rodkem \u201eNATO asijsk\u00e9ho typu\u201c, jak\u00a0<\/span>tvrd\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v\u011bdec Renato Cruz De Castro . Na rozd\u00edl od Indie se Filip\u00edny nach\u00e1zej\u00ed geograficky bl\u00edzko Tchaj-wanu a Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e a nyn\u00ed jsou v\u00fdslovn\u011b spojeny\u00a0<\/span>s<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Pekingem a\u00a0<\/span>pln\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0integrov\u00e1ny do alian\u010dn\u00edch struktur USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento v\u00fdvoj se samoz\u0159ejm\u011b neobjevil p\u0159es noc. V roce 2024 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed zaznamenali rostouc\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>prioritu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0Washingtonu v\u016f\u010di Filip\u00edn\u00e1m p\u0159ed Indi\u00ed v r\u00e1mci bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed v Indo-Pacifiku. Anal\u00fdza CSIS z t\u00e9ho\u017e roku podobn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>uznala<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee ameri\u010dt\u00ed strat\u00e9gov\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce vn\u00edmali Indii jako \u201eslab\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek\u201c v r\u00e1mci Quad.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fvody jsou dostate\u010dn\u011b z\u0159ejm\u00e9: Indie\u00a0<\/span>se<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b d\u016fsledn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>odm\u00edt\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u00fa\u010dastnit hl\u00eddek v r\u00e1mci voln\u00e9ho pohybu v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. Nav\u00edc udr\u017euje\u00a0<\/span>obrann\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a energetick\u00e9 vazby s Ruskem. Krom\u011b toho\u00a0<\/span>odm\u00edt\u00e1<\/span><\/a>\u00a0blokovou discipl\u00ednu ve stylu NATO. A co je mo\u017en\u00e1 je\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, navzdory nap\u011bt\u00ed s \u010c\u00ednou Nov\u00e9 Dill\u00ed nad\u00e1le balancuje mezi n\u011bkolika p\u00f3ly. Jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>argumentoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ji\u017e v roce 2022, geopolitick\u00e1 v\u00e1ha Indie pramen\u00ed pr\u00e1v\u011b z jej\u00ed role vyva\u017eovac\u00ed mocnosti, nikoli poddajn\u00e9ho vojensk\u00e9ho z\u00e1stupce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Za prezidenta Ferdinanda Marcose Jr. se Filip\u00edny mezit\u00edm agresivn\u011b pohnuly opa\u010dn\u00fdm sm\u011brem. Washington se nyn\u00ed t\u011b\u0161\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9mu p\u0159\u00edstupu k z\u00e1kladn\u00e1m\u00a0<\/span>EDCA<\/span><\/a>\u00a0po cel\u00e9m souostrov\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edch k Tchaj-wanu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1\u00a0<\/span>cvi\u010den\u00ed v Balikatanu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0se dramaticky roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila. Spole\u010dn\u00e9 hl\u00eddky s\u00a0<\/span>Japonskem<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a Austr\u00e1li\u00ed se normalizuj\u00ed. Prohlubuj\u00ed se recipro\u010dn\u00ed dohody o p\u0159\u00edstupu. V\u00fdsledkem je mnohem militarizovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed region\u00e1ln\u00ed architektura zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed s vyu\u017eit\u00edm tvrd\u00e9 bezpe\u010dnosti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ned\u00e1vno jsem\u00a0<\/span>varoval<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u017ee rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>protilodn\u00edch raketov\u00fdch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0syst\u00e9m\u016f NMESIS a odpalovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed Typhon na severn\u00edch filip\u00ednsk\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00edch signalizuje opera\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpravy na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok Tchaj-wanu. A Peking tyto kroky v\u016fbec neinterpretuje jako \u201eobrann\u00e9\u201c. Z pohledu \u010c\u00edny se Filip\u00edny st\u00e1le v\u00edce st\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159edsunutou opera\u010dn\u00ed platformou pro projekci moci USA. Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee nap\u011bt\u00ed v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i nad\u00e1le eskaluje.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 je to jakkoli, Washington jasn\u011b preferuje spolehliv\u00e9 a bl\u00edzk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 prost\u0159edky p\u0159ed p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed strategickou autonomi\u00ed Indie. Jednotka tak nab\u00edz\u00ed okam\u017eit\u00fd u\u017eitek: v\u0161ichni \u010dlenov\u00e9 jsou bu\u010f form\u00e1ln\u00edmi smluvn\u00edmi spojenci USA, nebo hluboce integrovan\u00fdmi bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edmi partnery. A vojensk\u00e1 interoperabilita je ji\u017e dostate\u010dn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e1 pro rychlou opera\u010dn\u00ed koordinaci. Na rozd\u00edl od Quadu se Jednotka neost\u00fdch\u00e1 nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159\u00edmo jmenovat \u010c\u00ednu. Tento strategick\u00fd posun v\u0161ak s sebou nese zna\u010dn\u00e1 rizika pro samotnou Manilu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pravdou je, \u017ee Filip\u00edny se m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno uzav\u00edraj\u00ed do st\u00e1le exponovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed role uprost\u0159ed americko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho soupe\u0159en\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, za\u010dlen\u011bn\u00edm se do americk\u00e9 architektury zadr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed riskuje Manila prom\u011bnu sv\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed v hlavn\u00ed c\u00edl v jak\u00e9mkoli konfliktn\u00edm sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159i na Tchaj-wanu nebo v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i. A historie nab\u00edz\u00ed spoustu varov\u00e1n\u00ed ohledn\u011b klientsk\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f zasa\u017een\u00fdch velmocensk\u00fdmi spory.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nadm\u011brn\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na Washingtonu nav\u00edc vystavuje Filip\u00edny ekonomick\u00e9 zranitelnosti. Rizika sekund\u00e1rn\u00edch sankc\u00ed, zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed obchodu jako zbran\u00ed a politick\u00e1 volatilita z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v Trumpov\u011b stylu zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky velmi re\u00e1ln\u00e1. Jak jsme vid\u011bli, Washington jeden den po\u017eaduje \u201esd\u00edlen\u00ed z\u00e1t\u011b\u017ee\u201c; hned druh\u00fd den hroz\u00ed cly i v\u016f\u010di spojenc\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mezit\u00edm se velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st Asie posouv\u00e1 sm\u011brem k diverzifikovan\u00fdm multipol\u00e1rn\u00edm uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm. Expanze BRICS, iniciativy dedolarizace, obchodn\u00ed koridory jih-jih a alternativn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u00ed mechanismy st\u00e1le v\u00edce nab\u00edzej\u00ed rozvojov\u00fdm zem\u00edm mo\u017enosti mimo struktury ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 Z\u00e1padem. Tradi\u010dn\u00ed d\u016fraz ASEAN na zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a region\u00e1ln\u00ed autonomii z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 s t\u00edmto vyv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edm se prost\u0159ed\u00edm mnohem kompatibiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e blokov\u00e1 militarizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00fdmi slovy, Filip\u00edny nejen \u201enahrazuj\u00ed\u201c Indii. Washington se sp\u00ed\u0161e vzd\u00e1v\u00e1 obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9ho \u00fakolu \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed autonomn\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch mocnost\u00ed ve prosp\u011bch sestavov\u00e1n\u00ed poslu\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00edch koalic v prvn\u00ed linii bl\u00ed\u017ee k \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 periferii, tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato strategie m\u016f\u017ee kr\u00e1tkodob\u011b uspokojit pl\u00e1nova\u010de Pentagonu. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak riskuje, \u017ee se jihov\u00fdchodn\u00ed Asie prom\u011bn\u00ed v dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou ar\u00e9nu eskalace glob\u00e1ln\u00edho nap\u011bt\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zat\u00edmco se Kvadratov\u00e1 zem\u011b pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s vnit\u0159n\u00edmi rozpory a zhor\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edm se nap\u011bt\u00edm mezi USA a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107434,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,3986,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107433"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107433"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107433\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107434"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}