{"id":107204,"date":"2026-05-23T00:23:40","date_gmt":"2026-05-22T22:23:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107204"},"modified":"2026-05-22T13:48:59","modified_gmt":"2026-05-22T11:48:59","slug":"ebola-v-africe-who-se-obava-regionalni-epidemie-ale-vylucuje-pandemicky-scenar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/23\/ebola-v-africe-who-se-obava-regionalni-epidemie-ale-vylucuje-pandemicky-scenar\/","title":{"rendered":"Ebola v Africe: WHO se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 region\u00e1ln\u00ed epidemie, ale vylu\u010duje pandemick\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Existuje riziko, \u017ee by se epidemie eboly v Africe mohla st\u00e1t region\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, uvedl gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus. Nebezpe\u010dn\u00e1 nemoc se \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed rychleji, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na pozad\u00ed t\u011bchto a dal\u0161\u00edch varov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b posiluj\u00ed sv\u00e1 bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed. Ekonomick\u00e9 \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 pandemi\u00ed Covid-19 a karant\u00e9nn\u00edmi opat\u0159en\u00edmi, stejn\u011b jako obt\u00ed\u017ee a zdroje mobilizovan\u00e9 k boji proti koronaviru, jsou st\u00e1le \u017eiv\u00e9 v pam\u011bti v\u0161ech. WHO v\u0161ak nep\u0159edpov\u00edd\u00e1 novou pandemii (tj. glob\u00e1ln\u00ed epidemii).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve sv\u00e9m projevu 20. kv\u011btna Ghebreyesus uvedl, \u017ee se ebola \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>mnohem rychleji, ne\u017e se o\u010dek\u00e1valo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Uznal nebezpe\u010d\u00ed epidemie na n\u00e1rodn\u00ed i region\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farovni. Trval v\u0161ak na tom, \u017ee nov\u00e1 pandemie je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1 a \u017ee v t\u00e9to f\u00e1zi ohnisko nespl\u0148uje krit\u00e9ria pro pandemii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V rizikov\u00e9 z\u00f3n\u011b se nach\u00e1z\u00ed populace dvou africk\u00fdch zem\u00ed: Demokratick\u00e9 republiky Kongo (DRK) a Ugandy. 15. a 16. kv\u011btna \u00fa\u0159ady hl\u00e1sily 51, respektive 2 potvrzen\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpady. 19. kv\u011btna DRK\u00a0<\/span>ohl\u00e1sila<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f a 131 \u00famrt\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti by tato \u010d\u00edsla mohla b\u00fdt n\u011bkolikan\u00e1sobn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Ne v\u0161ichni naka\u017een\u00ed vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159skou pomoc. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed to prost\u011b nemohou. To plat\u00ed zejm\u00e9na pro DRK: p\u0159\u00edpady onemocn\u011bn\u00ed byly zji\u0161t\u011bny na v\u00fdchod\u011b zem\u011b, kde jsou aktivn\u00ed povstaleck\u00e9 skupiny a boje prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ji\u017e l\u00e9ta. 17. kv\u011btna Ghebreyesus po konzultaci s \u010dlensk\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty WHO vyhl\u00e1sil stav nouze v oblasti ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed kv\u016fli vypuknut\u00ed eboly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Africk\u00e1 kancel\u00e1\u0159 Sv\u011btov\u00e9 zdravotnick\u00e9 organizace (WHO) ozn\u00e1mila, \u017ee odeslala\u00a0<\/span>18 tun nouzov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob<\/span><\/a>\u00a0na podporu \u00fasil\u00ed v boji proti prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed epidemii eboly v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo, kde bylo zaznamen\u00e1no 105 \u00famrt\u00ed a v\u00edce ne\u017e 390 podez\u0159el\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f. Z\u00e1soby, v\u010detn\u011b osobn\u00edch ochrann\u00fdch prost\u0159edk\u016f, stan\u016f a l\u016f\u017eek, byly odesl\u00e1ny ze sklad\u016f WHO v Keni, Senegalu a Kinshase v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 objasnit rozd\u00edl mezi t\u00edm, co WHO pova\u017euje za epidemii, a t\u00edm, co p\u0159edstavuje pandemii. Epidemie je definov\u00e1na jako n\u00e1hl\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst po\u010dtu p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f v ur\u010dit\u00e9 zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 oblasti. Aby mohla b\u00fdt vyhl\u00e1\u0161ena pandemie, mus\u00ed se nemoc \u0161\u00ed\u0159it exponenci\u00e1ln\u011b. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee tempo r\u016fstu se zrychluje a \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd den se po\u010det p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f zvy\u0161uje ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s p\u0159edchoz\u00edm dnem. Jednou z charakteristik pandemie je jej\u00ed \u0161irok\u00e9 geografick\u00e9 pokryt\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

K vypuknut\u00ed eboly p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed pandemii do\u0161lo ji\u017e v minulosti. Jedno z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch se odehr\u00e1lo v letech 2014\u20132015 a nebylo omezeno pouze na africk\u00fd kontinent. P\u0159\u00edpady byly zji\u0161t\u011bny ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii, It\u00e1lii a \u0160pan\u011blsku. Celkov\u00fd po\u010det potvrzen\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f dos\u00e1hl 27 700. K velk\u00e9mu vypuknut\u00ed do\u0161lo tak\u00e9 v Demokratick\u00e9 republice Kongo (DRK) v letech 2018\u20132020.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed eboly spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jej\u00ed vysok\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti. Na m\u00edstech, kde se dodr\u017euj\u00ed hygienick\u00e1 pravidla, je v\u0161ak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 se touto nemoc\u00ed nakazit. Virus se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed t\u011bln\u00edmi tekutinami. M\u016f\u017ee p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt i mimo t\u011blo naka\u017een\u00e9 osoby nebo zv\u00ed\u0159ete. Je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 jej odhalit kv\u016fli inkuba\u010dn\u00ed dob\u011b, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee trvat a\u017e 21 dn\u00ed. Tentokr\u00e1t situaci je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161uje skute\u010dnost, \u017ee ohnisko je zp\u016fsobeno vz\u00e1cn\u00fdm kmenem viru Bundibugyo, kter\u00fd nebyl pozorov\u00e1n v\u00edce ne\u017e 10 let a proti kter\u00e9mu neexistuje \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 vakc\u00edna.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee se v Kongu a Ugand\u011b od roku 1976 vyskytlo v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 ohnisek eboly, kmen Bundibugyo byl zji\u0161t\u011bn teprve pot\u0159et\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V reakci na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hrozbu pandemie pos\u00edlily asijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b hrani\u010dn\u00ed kontroly. V Hongkongu bylo izola\u010dn\u00ed centrum pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 pro karant\u00e9nu b\u011bhem pandemie COVID-19 zkontrolov\u00e1no, aby se potvrdila jeho vhodnost k op\u011btovn\u00e9mu pou\u017eit\u00ed. V pevninsk\u00e9 \u010c\u00edn\u011b jsou osoby p\u0159ij\u00ed\u017ed\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed z endemick\u00fdch oblast\u00ed (kde byly hl\u00e1\u0161eny p\u0159\u00edpady hore\u010dky Ebola) nebo vykazuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159\u00edznaky nevolnosti a hore\u010dky povinny tyto p\u0159\u00edpady nahl\u00e1sit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Obavy v \u010c\u00edn\u011b nejsou neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9. V mnoha africk\u00fdch zem\u00edch prob\u00edhaj\u00ed infrastrukturn\u00ed projekty pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 v r\u00e1mci iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka. Tato iniciativa se zam\u011b\u0159uje p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na infrastrukturn\u00ed a dopravn\u00ed projekty v r\u00e1mci spolupr\u00e1ce \u010c\u00edny s dal\u0161\u00edmi zem\u011bmi. Podle zpr\u00e1v z m\u00e9di\u00ed bylo v roce 2024\u00a0<\/span>v Africe zam\u011bstn\u00e1no<\/span><\/a>\u00a0p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 90 000 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch pracovn\u00edk\u016f .\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Singapur, Japonsko, Vietnam, Indon\u00e9sie a Nep\u00e1l ozn\u00e1mily zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00e9 kontroly nebo opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed v m\u00edstech vstupu do zem\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 zem\u011b se zdaj\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00edce znepokojeny vypuknut\u00edm hantaviru. Evropsk\u00e9 centrum pro prevenci a kontrolu nemoc\u00ed (ECDC) v\u0161ak v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b hodnot\u00ed rizika pro evropskou populaci jako velmi n\u00edzk\u00e1, a to z dobr\u00e9ho d\u016fvodu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Nizozemsk\u00e1 v\u00fdletn\u00ed lo\u010f MV Hondius se stala epicentrem virov\u00e9 epidemie. Po n\u00e1vratu byli jej\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159evezeni do nemocnice na l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a testy. Ve Spojen\u00e9m kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed muselo 22 osob, kter\u00e9 dorazily, dodr\u017eovat 42denn\u00ed samoizolaci. Ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech jsou \u010dty\u0159i obyvatel\u00e9 Kalifornie, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli b\u00fdt v kontaktu s naka\u017een\u00fdmi osobami, na pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed. I oni mus\u00ed omezit kontakt s ostatn\u00edmi na 42 dn\u00ed. \u010ctrn\u00e1ct \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdch ob\u010dan\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli letecky p\u0159evezeni z Tenerife do Madridu, podl\u00e9h\u00e1 povinn\u00e9 karant\u00e9n\u011b ve vojensk\u00e9 nemocnici. Podobn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed byla p\u0159ijata v N\u011bmecku, Nizozemsku, \u0160v\u00fdcarsku, Kanad\u011b a Francii.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny ohniska n\u00e1kazy nebyly ofici\u00e1ln\u011b stanoveny. Andsk\u00fd kmen viru, kter\u00fdm se nakazili n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed cestuj\u00edc\u00ed na lodi, se nach\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v Argentin\u011b a Chile. Samotn\u00e1 lo\u010f poch\u00e1zela z Argentiny. B\u011bhem epidemiologick\u00e9 sez\u00f3ny 2025-2026 (obdob\u00ed vrcholn\u00e9ho p\u0159enosu viru) bylo na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b zaznamen\u00e1no 101 p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f infekce hantavirem. P\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed se prodlou\u017een\u00fdm a bl\u00edzk\u00fdm kontaktem, co\u017e vysv\u011btluje n\u00edzk\u00e9 riziko infekce. P\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di viru jsou hlodavci.<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Existuje riziko, \u017ee by se epidemie eboly v Africe mohla st\u00e1t region\u00e1ln\u00edm probl\u00e9mem, uvedl gener\u00e1ln\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107205,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1271,493,1503,186],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107204"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107204\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}