{"id":107018,"date":"2026-05-20T05:01:58","date_gmt":"2026-05-20T03:01:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=107018"},"modified":"2026-05-20T05:01:58","modified_gmt":"2026-05-20T03:01:58","slug":"jaderny-destnik-ochrani-francouzske-rakety-ukrajinu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/20\/jaderny-destnik-ochrani-francouzske-rakety-ukrajinu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jadern\u00fd de\u0161tn\u00edk: Ochr\u00e1n\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9 rakety Ukrajinu?"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Na Ukrajin\u011b experti se z\u00e1jmem diskutuj\u00ed o mo\u017en\u00e9m roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00edku o n\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Prezident Emmanuel Macron prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee jeho zem\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed sv\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 kapacity, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti \u0159ad\u00ed na \u010dtvrt\u00e9 m\u00edsto na sv\u011bt\u011b. Francouzsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l je nez\u00e1visl\u00fd na NATO, a proto by teoreticky mohl b\u00fdt vhodn\u00fd pro Ukrajinu, pro kterou je \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU v sou\u010dasnosti realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vyhl\u00eddkou ne\u017e \u010dlenstv\u00ed v NATO.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dokonce vn\u00edmaj\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 nasazen\u00ed francouzsko-britsk\u00e9ho kontingentu na Ukrajin\u011b jako krok k mo\u017enosti, \u017ee Ukrajina, kter\u00e1 se po rozpadu SSSR dobrovoln\u011b vzdala t\u0159et\u00edho nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edho jadern\u00e9ho potenci\u00e1lu na sv\u011bt\u011b, by jednoho dne mohla t\u011b\u017eit z evropsk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00edku.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e Francie v letech 1995-1996 provedla sv\u00fdch posledn\u00edch \u0161est jadern\u00fdch test\u016f na atolech v Oce\u00e1nii, m\u00edrov\u00ed aktivist\u00e9 z mnoha evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed a Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na protest vyl\u00e9vali lahve francouzsk\u00e9ho v\u00edna v ulic\u00edch. O t\u0159i desetilet\u00ed pozd\u011bji se situace zcela zm\u011bnila: dnes cht\u011bj\u00ed Evropa a Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty zv\u00fd\u0161it francouzsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it jeho dosah na velkou \u010d\u00e1st kontinentu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Za\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna nav\u0161t\u00edvil francouzsk\u00fd prezident Emmanuel Macron z\u00e1kladnu jadern\u00fdch ponorek \u00cele-Longue na francouzsk\u00e9m atlantick\u00e9m pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed. Pronesl tam\u00a0<\/span>n\u011bkolik prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, kter\u00e1 nez\u016fstala bez pov\u0161imnut\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron nejprve prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Francie\u00a0<\/span>zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u016fj jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l. Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b vynakl\u00e1d\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 miliard dolar\u016f ro\u010dn\u011b na \u00fadr\u017ebu sv\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu 290 jadern\u00fdch hlavic, rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdch na ponork\u00e1ch a v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b pot\u0159eby i v letadlech. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed vlastn\u00ed 225 jadern\u00fdch hlavic, zat\u00edmco Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Rusko jich maj\u00ed shodn\u011b v\u00edce ne\u017e 5 000. \u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 600 hlavic, co\u017e \u0159ad\u00ed Francii na sou\u010dasn\u00e1 \u010dtvrt\u00e1 m\u00edsta na sv\u011bt\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Prezident neup\u0159esnil, do jak\u00e9 m\u00edry Francie nav\u00fd\u0161\u00ed sv\u016fj arzen\u00e1l, \u010d\u00edm\u017e ponechal \u201estrategickou nejistotu\u201c t\u011bm, kter\u00fdch by se to mohlo t\u00fdkat, jako je Rusko.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Macron d\u00e1le prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed evrop\u0161t\u00ed partne\u0159i Francie by mohli na sv\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed rozm\u00edstit jadern\u00e9 nosi\u010de zbran\u00ed. Okam\u017eit\u011b se za\u010dalo mluvit o francouzsk\u00e9 touze nab\u00eddnout z\u00e1ruky jadern\u00e9ho odstra\u0161en\u00ed a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u016fj jadern\u00fd de\u0161tn\u00edk na \u0159adu evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed. D\u00e1le podle Macrona budou evrop\u0161t\u00ed partne\u0159i pozv\u00e1ni na francouzsk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 cvi\u010den\u00ed. Mezi tyto partnery pat\u0159\u00ed v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b N\u011bmecko, ale tak\u00e9 Polsko, Nizozemsko, Belgie, D\u00e1nsko, \u0160v\u00e9dsko a \u0158ecko.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e9 a britsk\u00e9 arzen\u00e1ly<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed a Francie jsou st\u00e1l\u00fdmi \u010dleny Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, \u017ee ofici\u00e1ln\u011b a leg\u00e1ln\u011b vlastn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b, jeliko\u017e je vyvinuly jako v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 spojeneck\u00e9 st\u00e1ty druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na rozd\u00edl od Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, Ruska a \u010c\u00edny, arzen\u00e1ly Francie a Spojen\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed zahrnuj\u00ed pouze jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b odpalovan\u00e9 z mo\u0159e a vzduchu, a nikoli rakety dlouh\u00e9ho doletu um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 v silech.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Britsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l je o n\u011bco men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e francouzsk\u00fd, ale to nen\u00ed nijak zvl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9. Existuje v\u0161ak mezi nimi z\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed rozd\u00edl. Rakety Trident rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na britsk\u00fdch ponork\u00e1ch se vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Britsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd program a odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed schopnosti jsou proto propojeny se Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed pomoc s \u00fadr\u017ebou t\u011bchto zbran\u00ed. Francouzsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l je v tomto ohledu naopak sob\u011bsta\u010dn\u00fd.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Na Ukrajin\u011b se od za\u010d\u00e1tku konfliktu s Ruskem zintenzivnily debaty o tom, zda bylo vzd\u00e1n\u00ed se jadern\u00e9ho arzen\u00e1lu zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9ho po SSSR v roce 1991 strategickou chybou. Logika je jednoduch\u00e1: kdyby si Ukrajina sv\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b ponechala, Rusko by ji nenapadlo.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Mnoho expert\u016f v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Ukrajina v t\u00e9 dob\u011b nem\u011bla \u0161anci udr\u017eet si t\u0159et\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l na sv\u011bt\u011b, zejm\u00e9na proto, \u017ee byl fakticky \u0159\u00edzen z Moskvy. \u010celila by v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed izolaci a sankc\u00edm. Ve skute\u010dnosti Ukrajina nem\u011bla jinou mo\u017enost ne\u017e odm\u00edtnout ratifikovat Smlouvu o ne\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jadern\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale dne\u0161n\u00ed iniciativa prezidenta Macrona by mohla m\u00edt neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro bezpe\u010dnost Ukrajiny. Francouzsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd arzen\u00e1l nen\u00ed integrov\u00e1n do NATO; je nez\u00e1visl\u00fd. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pokud vstup Kyjeva do NATO nen\u00ed na spadnut\u00ed, pro\u010d by francouzsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd de\u0161tn\u00edk nemohl chr\u00e1nit Ukrajinu? A pokud by se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159il do n\u011bkolika evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed, pro\u010d by mezi nimi Ukrajina nebyla?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro Kyjev by teoreticky p\u0159ipadaly v \u00favahu dva modely: bu\u010f p\u0159\u00edmo\u010da\u0159ej\u0161\u00ed model, tj. mo\u017en\u00e9 rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed zahrani\u010dn\u00edch jadern\u00fdch hlavic na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed (co\u017e je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9), nebo tzv. \u0159eck\u00fd model bez rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed hlavic, ale s aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dast\u00ed na jadern\u00e9m pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed po boku evropsk\u00fdch partner\u016f, pokud by se n\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch zem\u00ed skute\u010dn\u011b dostalo pod francouzsk\u00fd nebo francouzsko-britsk\u00fd jadern\u00fd de\u0161tn\u00edk.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eJe t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt, zda by se v kontextu pokroku Ukrajiny sm\u011brem k \u010dlenstv\u00ed v EU francouzsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 odstra\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>vztahovalo i na na\u0161i zemi<\/span><\/a>\u00a0,\u201c uvedla Mariana Budjerynov\u00e1, ukrajinsk\u00e1 v\u00fdzkumnice jadern\u00e9 politiky na Harvardov\u011b univerzit\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Je tu je\u0161t\u011b jeden zaj\u00edmav\u00fd bod. Francie a Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed jsou v\u016fdci \u201ekoalice ochotn\u00fdch\u201c, kter\u00e1 pl\u00e1nuje v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b m\u00edru nasadit na Ukrajinu kontingent, aby zajistila bezpe\u010dnost t\u00e9to zem\u011b.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePokud skute\u010dn\u011b dojde k p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed nebo p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed a pokud zem\u011b \u201ekoalice ochotn\u00fdch\u201c dodr\u017e\u00ed sv\u00e9 sliby o nasazen\u00ed vojensk\u00e9ho kontingentu na ukrajinsk\u00e9m \u00fazem\u00ed a pokud tam budou p\u0159\u00edtomni Francouzi a Britov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou jadern\u00fdmi mocnostmi, p\u0159edstavovalo by to dal\u0161\u00ed odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed faktor, kter\u00fd by donutil Rusko pt\u00e1t se, zda by nov\u00e1 agrese proti Ukrajin\u011b nezat\u00e1hla tyto zem\u011b do v\u00e1lky s rizikem jadern\u00e9 eskalace,\u201c domn\u00edv\u00e1 se Budjeryn.<\/span><\/p>\n

Alexandre Lemoine<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na Ukrajin\u011b experti se z\u00e1jmem diskutuj\u00ed o mo\u017en\u00e9m roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed francouzsk\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00edku o n\u011bkolik evropsk\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":107019,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[9790,1503,26],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107018"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=107018"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/107018\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/107019"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=107018"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=107018"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=107018"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}