{"id":106878,"date":"2026-05-19T00:15:19","date_gmt":"2026-05-18T22:15:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=106878"},"modified":"2026-05-18T12:43:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-18T10:43:35","slug":"americka-armadni-agentura-darpa-si-hraje-na-boha-projekt-pentagonu-si-klade-za-cil-preprogramovat-lidskou-dna-a-vytvorit-superlidi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/19\/americka-armadni-agentura-darpa-si-hraje-na-boha-projekt-pentagonu-si-klade-za-cil-preprogramovat-lidskou-dna-a-vytvorit-superlidi\/","title":{"rendered":"Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1dn\u00ed agentura DARPA si hraje na Boha: Projekt Pentagonu si klade za c\u00edl p\u0159eprogramovat lidskou DNA a vytvo\u0159it \u201esuperlidi\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA si klade za c\u00edl zapisovat a odstra\u0148ovat epigenetick\u00e9 modifikace b\u00e1z\u00ed v DNA, kter\u00e9 by mohly b\u00fdt vyu\u017eity pro kognitivn\u00ed zlep\u0161en\u00ed, ochranu p\u0159ed biologick\u00fdmi hrozbami a regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00ednu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podle zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho ozn\u00e1men\u00ed si program \u201eDNA-Protein Epigenetic Chemistry Engineering\u201c (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">D-PECHE<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0) americk\u00e9 Agentury pro pokro\u010dil\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 projekty obrany (DARPA) klade za c\u00edl \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">vyvinout nov\u00e9 metody pro modifikaci b\u00e1z\u00ed DNA v \u017eiv\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch a ov\u011b\u0159it p\u0159\u00edtomnost nov\u00fdch, in vitro katalyzovan\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed b\u00e1z\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">M\u00edsto trval\u00e9 zm\u011bny DNA m\u00e1 epigenetick\u00e1 modifikace potenci\u00e1l b\u00fdt reverzibiln\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">bez zm\u011bny z\u00e1kladn\u00ed genetick\u00e9 sekvence<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proto \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed modifikac\u00ed b\u00e1z\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b nevyskytuj\u00ed, vy\u017eaduje nov\u00e9 technologie schopn\u00e9 katalyzovat nov\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 modifikace DNA in vitro<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eNa rozd\u00edl od p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch permanentn\u00ed editaci genomu jsou epigenetick\u00e9 modifikace potenci\u00e1ln\u011b reverzibiln\u00ed a nab\u00edzej\u00ed slibn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k dynamick\u00e9, kontextov\u011b citliv\u00e9 biologick\u00e9 kontrole.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA, program D-PECHE, kv\u011bten 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/sociable.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"581\" height=\"729\" \/><\/figure>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/sociable.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-5.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"589\" height=\"723\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eSchopnost p\u0159esn\u011b \u0159\u00eddit interakce DNA a protein\u016f m\u00e1 dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro oblasti od regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00edny a kognitivn\u00edho vylep\u0161en\u00ed a\u017e po protiopat\u0159en\u00ed proti biologick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA, program D-PECHE, kv\u011bten 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pentagon se ji\u017e dlouho sna\u017e\u00ed vytvo\u0159it geneticky modifikovan\u00e9 supervoj\u00e1ky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad zpr\u00e1va RAND financovan\u00e1 Pentagonem, zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v roce 2021, nasti\u0148uje technologick\u00e9 mo\u017enosti tohoto kontroverzn\u00edho transhumanistick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd zahrnuje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">vlo\u017een\u00ed plaz\u00edch gen\u016f, kter\u00e9 prop\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed schopnost vid\u011bt v infra\u010derven\u00e9m spektru<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c, a tak\u00e9 \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">zlep\u0161en\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed inteligence nebo lep\u0161\u00ed adaptaci na extr\u00e9mn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">P\u0159\u00edklady zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak zlep\u0161it lidsk\u00fd v\u00fdkon:\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eIntegrace gen\u016f plaz\u016f, kter\u00e9 prop\u016fj\u010duj\u00ed schopnost vid\u011bt v infra\u010derven\u00e9m spektru [\u2026] Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed vytrvalosti pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9ho b\u011b\u017ece na \u00farove\u0148 elitn\u00edho maratonce [\u2026] Roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu za p\u0159irozen\u00e9 limity\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><em><span dir=\"auto\">RAND, Technologick\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy ke zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti, listopad 2021<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/sociable.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"429\" height=\"343\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em><span dir=\"auto\">Zdroj: RAND<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud by tito \u201elid\u00e9\u201c usp\u011bli, m\u011bli by potenci\u00e1l nikdy se neunavit a myslet inteligentn\u011bji, pohybovat se rychleji, sk\u00e1kat v\u00fd\u0161e, vid\u011bt d\u00e1le, l\u00e9pe sly\u0161et, siln\u011bji ude\u0159it, \u017e\u00edt d\u00e9le, l\u00e9pe se adaptovat a po\u010d\u00edtat rychleji ne\u017e kter\u00fdkoli jin\u00fd \u010dlov\u011bk na t\u00e9to planet\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA se nyn\u00ed obrac\u00ed k epigenetice, aby potenci\u00e1ln\u011b umo\u017enila reverzibiln\u00ed procesy, jako jsou n\u011bkter\u00e9 z v\u00fd\u0161e uveden\u00fdch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eEpigenetick\u00e9 modifikace, jako je methylace DNA, posttransla\u010dn\u00ed modifikace histon\u016f a remodelace chromatinu, mohou regulovat genovou expresi a interakce DNA-protein, ani\u017e by zm\u011bnily z\u00e1kladn\u00ed genetickou sekvenci.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA, program D-PECHE, kv\u011bten 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Epigenetika: dal\u0161\u00ed revoluce v l\u00e9\u010db\u011b rakoviny\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/oMMhAiiz9MQ\" width=\"684\" height=\"385\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><em><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eDARPA \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o inovativn\u00ed n\u00e1vrhy, kter\u00e9 by prok\u00e1zaly proveditelnost nov\u00fdch mechanism\u016f pro \u010dten\u00ed a z\u00e1pis epigenetick\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed b\u00e1z\u00ed v DNA.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA, program D-PECHE, kv\u011bten 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Hlavn\u00ed kontaktn\u00ed osobou pro program\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">D-PECHE<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0agentury DARPA je Dr. Aric Lu, kter\u00fd v roce 2024 z\u00edskal doktor\u00e1t z bioin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed na Harvardov\u011b univerzit\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">Dr. Lu je uveden jako Innovation Fellow<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 a nikoli jako ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed programov\u00fd mana\u017eer \u2013\u00a0jak na webov\u00fdch str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch DARPA, tak i na sv\u00e9m profilu na LinkedIn .<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podle jeho biografie pro DARPA na Harvardov\u011b univerzit\u011b \u201eDr. Lu pou\u017e\u00edval techniky genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed k vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vzorc\u016f bun\u011b\u010dn\u00fdch typ\u016f a genov\u00e9 exprese v biotisknut\u00fdch tk\u00e1n\u00edch\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V rozhovoru\u00a0z roku 2023 pro s\u00e9rii \u201e\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/wyss.harvard.edu\/news\/humans-of-the-wyss-aric-lu-on-breaking-biology-by-bioprinting-complex-tissue\/\"><span dir=\"auto\">Lid\u00e9 z Wyssu \u201c Wyssova institutu pro biologicky inspirovan\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed na Harvardov\u011b univerzit\u011b Dr. Lu vysv\u011btlil, jak\u00e9 re\u00e1ln\u00e9 probl\u00e9my chce \u0159e\u0161it:<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud bychom jednoho dne mohli vyu\u017e\u00edt genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a 3D biotisk k vytvo\u0159en\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u011b k oprav\u011b nebo nahrazen\u00ed org\u00e1nu, bylo by to neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u011b cenn\u00e9 pro lidi s \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lou onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b t\u011bch na \u010dekac\u00edch listin\u00e1ch na transplantaci<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u201c \u0159ekl a dodal: \u201e\u00a0<\/span><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">Abychom se v\u0161ak dostali k j\u00e1dru v\u011bci: Pot\u0159ebujeme ti\u0161t\u011bnou tk\u00e1\u0148, kter\u00e1 se chov\u00e1 jako lidsk\u00e1 tk\u00e1\u0148<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><em><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201e\u00da\u010dastn\u00edci programu D-PECHE mus\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt odborn\u00e9 znalosti v chemii nukleov\u00fdch kyselin, proteinov\u00e9m in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a syntetick\u00e9 biologii, aby p\u0159ekonali v\u00fdzvy spojen\u00e9 s umo\u017e\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm a zakazov\u00e1n\u00edm epigenetick\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 proveden\u00ed tohoto \u00fakolu sn\u00ed\u017e\u00ed riziko spojen\u00e9 s \u0161ir\u0161\u00edm konceptem platforem pro epigenetick\u00e9 editace a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi aplikacemi.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA, program D-PECHE, kv\u011bten 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/sociable.co\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/05\/image-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"628\" height=\"203\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Studie\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">D-PECHE<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0zahrnuje dva hlavn\u00ed \u00fakoly:<\/span><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Prok\u00e1zat schopnost vyvinout mechanismy pro modifikaci DNA za \u00fa\u010delem z\u00e1pisu a\/nebo maz\u00e1n\u00ed modifikac\u00ed b\u00e1z\u00ed DNA. Identifikovat c\u00edlovou modifikaci, kandid\u00e1ty na katalyz\u00e1tory a substr\u00e1ty a kofaktory pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro modifikaci b\u00e1z\u00ed. Identifikovat jak\u00e9koli zm\u011bny proteinov\u00fdch sekvenc\u00ed nebo dom\u00e9n pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 pro funk\u010dnost v \u017eiv\u00fdch bu\u0148k\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span dir=\"auto\">Detekce modifikac\u00ed DNA in vitro. Demonstrace biokompatibility c\u00edlen\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed v hostitelsk\u00e9 bun\u011b\u010dn\u00e9 linii. V\u00fdvoj test\u016f pro detekci modifikac\u00ed b\u00e1z\u00ed. Stanoven\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f pro detekci nov\u00fdch modifikac\u00ed v bu\u0148k\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><em><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eD-PECHE p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee k odem\u010den\u00ed nov\u00fdch aplikac\u00ed epigenetiky jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed nov\u00e9 mechanismy modifikace DNA, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed biochemick\u00e9 vlastnosti DNA.\u201c<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA, program D-PECHE, kv\u011bten 2026<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Co je epigenetika: Jednodu\u0161e \u0159e\u010deno - Sekvenov\u00e1n\u00ed DNA \u2013 Dr. Berg\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/g12kIu9jrIk?feature=oembed\" width=\"800\" height=\"450\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\" data-mce-fragment=\"1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Schopnost programovat biologick\u00e9 procesy je v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b \u017ehav\u00fdm t\u00e9matem v z\u00e1kulis\u00ed ministerstva v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V prosinci 2025 DARPA ozn\u00e1mila sv\u016fj program Generative Optogenetics (\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">GO<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0), jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je programovat biologick\u00e9 procesy s vyu\u017eit\u00edm sv\u011btla jako m\u00e9dia pro p\u0159enos informac\u00ed s potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmi aplikacemi pro podporu \u201edel\u0161\u00edch pilotovan\u00fdch vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch let\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Geneticky modifikovan\u00ed lid\u00e9, nov\u00e9 l\u00e9ky, pokro\u010dil\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, suroviny a pr\u016flomov\u00e9 zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 \u00fasp\u011bchy by mohly potenci\u00e1ln\u011b vzej\u00edt z\u00a0programu\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">GO agentury DARPA.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Podobn\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">D-PECHE<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0by technologie DARPA\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">GO mohly\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u201e\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">otev\u0159\u00edt neb\u00fdval\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro personalizovan\u00e9 zlep\u0161en\u00ed zdrav\u00ed a v\u00fdkonu voj\u00e1k\u016f, zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed, biov\u00fdroby a pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru t\u00edm, \u017ee poskytnou neomezenou programovatelnost<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">DARPA identifikuje t\u0159i potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace\u00a0pro\u00a0<\/span><strong><span dir=\"auto\">D-PECHE :\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><strong><em><span dir=\"auto\">regenerativn\u00ed medic\u00ednu, zlep\u0161en\u00ed kognitivn\u00edch funkc\u00ed a protiopat\u0159en\u00ed proti biologick\u00fdm hrozb\u00e1m a environment\u00e1ln\u00edm stresor\u016fm<\/span><\/em><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sociable.co\/military-technology\/darpa-d-peche-epigenetic-modification-human-cognitive-enhancement-biothreat-protection\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DARPA si klade za c\u00edl zapisovat a odstra\u0148ovat epigenetick\u00e9 modifikace b\u00e1z\u00ed v DNA, kter\u00e9 by&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106879,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,8341,895,1968],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106878"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106878"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106878\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/106879"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106878"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106878"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106878"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}