{"id":106577,"date":"2026-05-15T00:13:34","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T22:13:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=106577"},"modified":"2026-05-14T10:43:21","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T08:43:21","slug":"z-tovarny-sveta-do-jejiho-vyzkumneho-a-vyvojoveho-centra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/15\/z-tovarny-sveta-do-jejiho-vyzkumneho-a-vyvojoveho-centra\/","title":{"rendered":"Z \u201etov\u00e1rny sv\u011bta\u201c do jej\u00edho \u201ev\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho a v\u00fdvojov\u00e9ho centra\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u010c\u00edna posiluje sv\u00e9 vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

V m\u00e9m posledn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem psal o vojensk\u00e9m pokroku, kter\u00e9ho \u010c\u00edna v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed dos\u00e1hla oproti USA. \u010c\u00edna je p\u0159ed USA v hypersonick\u00fdch raket\u00e1ch, pokro\u010dil\u00fdch radarov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mech, bezpilotn\u00edch letounech, st\u00edha\u010dk\u00e1ch nov\u00e9 generace, satelitn\u00ed navigaci a dal\u0161\u00edch kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch oblastech.<\/span><\/p>\n

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku se budu zab\u00fdvat t\u00edm, jak \u010c\u00edna dos\u00e1hla takov\u00fdch pr\u016flom\u016f \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b d\u00edky sv\u00e9 vedouc\u00ed roli v z\u00e1kladn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoji v cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou pro budoucnost kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edstav\u00edm v\u00e1m zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy ASPI Critical Technology Tracker, kter\u00e1 je v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejautoritativn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studii sv\u00e9ho druhu na cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

Australsk\u00fd institut pro strategickou politiku (ASPI) je think tank vlastn\u011bn\u00fd australskou vl\u00e1dou a financovan\u00fd prim\u00e1rn\u011b australsk\u00fdm ministerstvem obrany a americk\u00fdm ministerstvem v\u00e1lky.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle spole\u010dnosti mezi dal\u0161\u00ed investory pat\u0159\u00ed Microsoft, Google, Oracle, Amazon, Meta, Lockheed Martin, BAE Systems, Northrop Grumman, Thales a Raytheon.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00e1 se \u0159\u00edci, \u017ee ASPI je prodlou\u017eenou rukou americk\u00e9ho technologick\u00e9ho konglomer\u00e1tu MIC. A mnoho jeho \u201ezpr\u00e1v\u201c odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed silnou ideologickou zaujatost v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u011b\u017eko by n\u011bkdo tvrdil, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 o pro\u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd \u201epropaga\u010dn\u00ed stroj\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b publikuje \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dek\/sb\u011bratel kritick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fd na rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9m souboru dat o \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 6 milion\u016f) shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00e9m po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v 74 oborech, od IT, vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch a biologick\u00fdch v\u011bd a\u017e po materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy a obrann\u00e9 technologie.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0158ad\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>zem\u011b<\/span><\/em>\u00a0podle jejich p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku k 10 % nejcitovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f v oblasti technologi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se na sv\u011bt\u011b pod\u00edlej\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na z\u00e1klad\u011b milion\u016f publikac\u00ed za dv\u011b desetilet\u00ed integruje sledovac\u00ed syst\u00e9m data z Web of Science, ORCID a registru v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch organizac\u00ed, aby zmapoval v\u00fdkonnost zem\u00ed a instituc\u00ed a tak\u00e9 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed toky talent\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie je neust\u00e1le aktualizov\u00e1na; za\u010dala v roce 2000 se 44 technologiemi a do roku 2025 se rozroste na 64 a do roku 2026 na 74.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee Critical Technology Tracker je nejkomplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studi\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed technologick\u00e9 konkurence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuto studii sleduji od roku 2020 a o jej\u00edch nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00edch jsem psal v p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku na Substacku v prosinci 2024.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/huabinoliver.substack.com\/p\/comparing-china-and-us-critical-future<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V b\u0159eznu leto\u0161n\u00edho roku zve\u0159ejnila ASPI nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed aktualizaci sv\u00e9ho \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnosti v t\u011bchto kritick\u00fdch technologi\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tato aktualizace ukazuje, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna zv\u00fd\u0161ila sv\u016fj n\u00e1skok a nyn\u00ed je l\u00eddrem v 69 ze 74 technologi\u00ed (93 %) \u2013 v\u010detn\u011b zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jazyka pomoc\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a genetick\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, kde op\u011bt p\u0159edb\u011bhla USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie tak\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 koncept \u201emonopoln\u00edho rizika\u201c k popisu technologi\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch je odbornost siln\u011b koncentrov\u00e1na v jedn\u00e9 zemi s velk\u00fdm po\u010dtem p\u0159edn\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed v oboru.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI definuje \u201eriziko monopolizace\u201c jako existuj\u00edc\u00ed situaci, kdy p\u0159edn\u00ed n\u00e1rod publikuje\u00a0<\/span>osmkr\u00e1t nebo v\u00edce<\/span><\/em>\u00a0\u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch prac\u00ed ne\u017e druh\u00fd v po\u0159ad\u00ed n\u00e1rod v dan\u00e9 oblasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI dosp\u011bla k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna p\u0159edstavuje \u201emonopoliza\u010dn\u00ed riziko\u201c ve 41 ze 74 studovan\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 robotiky, autonomn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed, edge computingu a s\u00ed\u0165ov\u00e9 integrace.<\/span><\/p>\n

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74 technologi\u00ed je rozd\u011bleno do dev\u00edti z\u00e1kladn\u00edch kategori\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pil\u00ed\u0159e modern\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a vojensk\u00e9 s\u00edly. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b:<\/span><\/h4>\n

1. Um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence (AI)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tato kategorie se zam\u011b\u0159uje na algoritmy a mo\u017enosti zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1kladem modern\u00ed automatizace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie zahrnuj\u00ed: generativn\u00ed um\u011blou inteligenci, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jazyka (NLP), po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 vid\u011bn\u00ed, pokro\u010dilou anal\u00fdzu dat, strojov\u00e9 u\u010den\u00ed (v\u010detn\u011b hlubok\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed), pokro\u010dil\u00fd n\u00e1vrh a v\u00fdrobu integrovan\u00fdch obvod\u016f a hardwarov\u00e9 akceler\u00e1tory um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Obrana, kosmick\u00e9 lety, robotika a doprava<\/span><\/h3>\n

Tyto technologie jsou p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdmi hnac\u00edmi silami modern\u00edch kinetick\u00fdch i nekanetick\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie zahrnuj\u00ed: hypersonickou detekci a pohon, pokro\u010dil\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 motory, mal\u00e9 satelity, autonomn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, drony\/rojov\u00e9 l\u00e9t\u00e1n\u00ed, pokro\u010dilou robotiku, atomov\u00e9 hodiny, syst\u00e9my pro vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch raket, elektronick\u00fd boj a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed a navigaci satelit\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. Energie a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/span><\/h3>\n

D\u016fraz je kladen na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159echod k zelen\u00e9 energii a bezpe\u010dnost zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie zahrnuj\u00ed: vod\u00edkovou energii, elektrick\u00e9 baterie, fotovoltaiku (sol\u00e1rn\u00ed), jadernou energii, biopaliva, zachycov\u00e1n\u00ed a ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed uhl\u00edku, superkondenz\u00e1tory, integraci do s\u00edt\u011b, likvidaci radioaktivn\u00edho odpadu, geoin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a precizn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

4. Biotechnologie a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 technologie<\/span><\/h3>\n

To zahrnuje jak \u017eivot zachra\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, tak i potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed biologick\u00fd pokrok s dvoj\u00edm \u00fa\u010delem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie zahrnuj\u00ed: genetick\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, vakc\u00edny a l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 protiopat\u0159en\u00ed, syntetickou biologii, biologickou v\u00fdrobu a nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00ednu a radioterapii.<\/span><\/p>\n

5. Kvantov\u00e9 technologie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Pova\u017e\u00e1no za \u201edal\u0161\u00ed hranici\u201c po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 komunikace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie: Kvantov\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty, kvantov\u00e1 komunikace (v\u010detn\u011b QKD), kvantov\u00e9 senzory a postkvantov\u00e1 kryptografie.<\/span><\/p>\n

6. Pokro\u010dil\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a v\u00fdroba<\/span><\/h3>\n

Fyzick\u00e9 \u201estavebn\u00ed kameny\u201c high-tech hardwaru.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie: Nanomateri\u00e1ly a v\u00fdroba, aditivn\u00ed v\u00fdroba (3D tisk), pokro\u010dil\u00e9 kompozity, pokro\u010dil\u00e9 v\u00fdbu\u0161niny a energetick\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, pokro\u010dil\u00e9 magnety a supravodi\u010de, povlakov\u00e1n\u00ed, kontinu\u00e1ln\u00ed chemick\u00e1 synt\u00e9za, extrakce a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kritick\u00fdch miner\u00e1l\u016f, vysoce specifikovan\u00e9 obr\u00e1b\u011bc\u00ed procesy a polovodi\u010de se \u0161irok\u00fdm\/ultra\u0161irok\u00fdm zak\u00e1zan\u00fdm p\u00e1smem.<\/span><\/p>\n

7. Kybernetika, v\u00fdpo\u010detn\u00ed technika a komunikace<\/span><\/h3>\n

Infrastruktura digit\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie zahrnuj\u00ed: komunikaci 5G a 6G, pokro\u010dilou optickou komunikaci, cloudov\u00e9 a edge computingov\u00e9 technologie, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dvoj\u010data, ochrannou kybernetickou bezpe\u010dnost, vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 v\u00fdpo\u010dty (HPC), mesh a infrastrukturn\u011b nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159enou realitu a distribuovan\u00e9 \u00fa\u010detn\u00ed knihy (blockchain).<\/span><\/p>\n

8. Pokro\u010dil\u00e1 senzorov\u00e1 technologie<\/span><\/h3>\n

Nezbytn\u00e9 pro v\u0161e od spot\u0159ebn\u00ed elektroniky a\u017e po situa\u010dn\u00ed pov\u011bdom\u00ed na boji\u0161ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie: Fotonick\u00e9 senzory, pokro\u010dil\u00e1 radiofrekven\u010dn\u00ed (RF) komunikace a bezdr\u00e1tov\u00e1 podvodn\u00ed komunikace.<\/span><\/p>\n

9. Nov\u00e9 a vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed technologie (p\u0159id\u00e1no 2025\/2026)<\/span><\/h3>\n

ASPI pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b za\u010dle\u0148uje technologie \u201emoonshot\u201c v oblastech, kde se ji\u017e objevuje zna\u010dn\u00fd objem v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podkategorie: Rozhran\u00ed mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d (BCI) a geoin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n

Z t\u011bchto technologi\u00ed \u010c\u00edna vede v 69 oblastech, zat\u00edmco USA vedou ve zb\u00fdvaj\u00edc\u00edch 5 oblastech, v\u010detn\u011b kvantov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f, vakc\u00edn, geoin\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed, atomov\u00fdch hodin a nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edny. V t\u011bchto technologi\u00edch maj\u00ed USA nad \u010c\u00ednou jen m\u00edrn\u00fd n\u00e1skok.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u0161ech 41 technologi\u00ed, u kter\u00fdch bylo identifikov\u00e1no \u201eriziko monopolizace\u201c, vede \u010c\u00edna.<\/span><\/p>\n

S v\u00fdjimkou \u010c\u00edny a USA \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 zem\u011b nedr\u017e\u00ed vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu kritick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Evropa, Velk\u00e1 Brit\u00e1nie, Singapur, Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea, Japonsko, Rusko, Indie a Austr\u00e1lie v\u00fdrazn\u011b zaost\u00e1vaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku roku 2000 vedly USA ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kategori\u00ed, zat\u00edmco \u010c\u00edna doh\u00e1n\u011bla druh\u00e9 m\u00edsto. Od konce roku 2010 se situace obr\u00e1tila.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkter\u00e1 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ze studie ASPI:<\/span><\/h3>\n

\u2013 \u010c\u00edna je nyn\u00ed l\u00eddrem ve vysoce efektivn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech kategori\u00edch um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, v\u010detn\u011b generativn\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 dominantn\u00ed postaven\u00ed v oblasti radaru, mal\u00fdch satelit\u016f a hypersonick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u010c\u00edna zaznamenala v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zrychlen\u00ed v oblasti syntetick\u00e9 biologie a rozhran\u00ed mozek-po\u010d\u00edta\u010d (BCI).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 V sektoru energetiky a \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u00e1 \u010c\u00edna obrovsk\u00fd n\u00e1skok v oblasti vod\u00edkov\u00e9 energie, fotovoltaiky, bateri\u00ed a jadern\u00e9 energie.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u010c\u00edna m\u00e1 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1skok, pokud jde o \u201eriziko monopolizace\u201c, zejm\u00e9na v oblastech \u201eobrany\u201c a \u201epokro\u010dil\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va ASPI zd\u016fraz\u0148uje, \u017ee vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed \u010c\u00edny ve v\u00fdzkumu s vysok\u00fdm dopadem ji\u017e nen\u00ed jen \u201etrendem\u201c, ale \u201estruktur\u00e1ln\u00ed realitou\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Data nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu (m\u011b\u0159eno 10 % nejcitovan\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u010dl\u00e1nk\u016f) je \u010dasn\u00fdm ukazatelem budouc\u00edch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch a vojensk\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee v datech je jasn\u011b patrn\u00e9 \u201eodd\u011blen\u00ed\u201c: USA sice z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm partnerem \u010c\u00edny, ale spolupr\u00e1ce dos\u00e1hla vrcholu v roce 2019 a od t\u00e9 doby neust\u00e1le kles\u00e1, jeliko\u017e geopolitick\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed ovliv\u0148uje bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed politiku v oblasti v\u00fdzkumu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na dv\u011b oblasti, kter\u00e9 jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, a to na z\u00e1klad\u011b nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch dat ASPI: um\u011bl\u00e1 inteligence a obrana.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zm\u011bna veden\u00ed v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n

V posledn\u00edch letech m\u011bly USA jasn\u00fd n\u00e1skok v \u201esoftwarov\u00e9m\u201c sektoru um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed data v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee \u010c\u00edna nejen\u017ee tuto mezeru p\u0159ekonala, ale v n\u011bkolika d\u00edl\u010d\u00edch odv\u011btv\u00edch dos\u00e1hla \u201evysok\u00e9ho monopoln\u00edho rizika\u201c:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 P\u0159evzet\u00ed veden\u00ed ve zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho jazyka (NLP) \u2013 V datov\u00e9 sad\u011b z let 2024\u20132025 \u010c\u00edna ofici\u00e1ln\u011b p\u0159edb\u011bhla USA ve v\u00fdzkumu NLP s vysok\u00fdm dopadem. Jedn\u00e1 se o masivn\u00ed symbolick\u00fd i praktick\u00fd posun, proto\u017ee NLP tvo\u0159\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 modely (LLM), jako je ChatGPT.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Dosa\u017een\u00ed \u201emonopoln\u00edho rizika\u201c (alespo\u0148 osmkr\u00e1t v\u00edce v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f s vysok\u00fdm dopadem ne\u017e druh\u00e1 zem\u011b) v oblastech pokro\u010dil\u00e9 datov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy, strojov\u00e9ho u\u010den\u00ed a po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI popisuje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed v oblasti po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9ho vid\u011bn\u00ed jako \u201ep\u016fsobiv\u00e9\u201c, co\u017e je d\u00e1no masivn\u00edm vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm technologie rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed obli\u010deje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco mal\u00fd po\u010det soukrom\u00fdch americk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed (Google, OpenAI a Microsoft) si udr\u017euje kvalitativn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu v nejprolomov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch pr\u016flomech, jako je architektura Transformer, \u010c\u00edna dominuje v objemu v\u00fdzkumu a vysoce efektivn\u00edch publikac\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Obrana, vesm\u00edr a robotika<\/span><\/strong><\/em><\/h4>\n

Tato kategorie ukazuje nejp\u0159\u00edm\u011bj\u0161\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi akademick\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem a vojenskou \u201ef\u00faz\u00ed civiln\u00edch a vojensk\u00fdch vztah\u016f\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI ozna\u010duje \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 veden\u00ed v\u00a0<\/span>hypersonick\u00e9 technologii<\/span><\/em>\u00a0za \u201eohromuj\u00edc\u00ed\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech \u010c\u00edna produkuje t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 dev\u011btkr\u00e1t v\u00edce v\u00fdzkumu s vysok\u00fdm dopadem ne\u017e USA. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 leteck\u00e9 motory a autonomn\u00ed podvodn\u00ed plavidla (UUV).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna je l\u00eddrem ve v\u0161ech kategori\u00edch robotiky a autonomn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>technologie dron\u016f a roj\u016f<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. To zahrnuje i technologii roj\u016f dron\u016f, kter\u00e1 je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro budouc\u00ed \u201eatritabiln\u00ed\u201c (n\u00e1kladov\u011b efektivn\u00ed, postradateln\u00e9) v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V oblasti\u00a0<\/span>vesm\u00edru a satelit\u016f<\/span><\/em>\u00a0je \u010c\u00edna nyn\u00ed l\u00eddrem ve vysoce efektivn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu vesm\u00edrn\u00fdch syst\u00e9m\u016f a sledov\u00e1n\u00ed satelit\u016f (GNSS). Syst\u00e9m Beidou jsem podrobn\u011b rozebral ve sv\u00e9m posledn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku.<\/span><\/p>\n

V oblasti\u00a0<\/span>\u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 energie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0nyn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum laser\u016f a vysoce v\u00fdkonn\u00fdch mikrovln (pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch pro obranu proti dron\u016fm a protiraketovou obranu) dominuj\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 instituce, zejm\u00e9na ty p\u0159idru\u017een\u00e9 k \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademii v\u011bd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va ASPI zd\u016fraz\u0148uje \u201ehustotu instituc\u00ed\u201c v \u010c\u00edn\u011b. V mnoha oblastech obrany a um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence se v \u010c\u00edn\u011b nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed dev\u011bt z deseti nejvlivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Naproti tomu i p\u0159edn\u00ed americk\u00e1 instituce (\u010dasto MIT nebo Stanford) \u010dasto kles\u00e1 z prvn\u00ed des\u00edtky v t\u011bchto specifick\u00fdch technick\u00fdch oblastech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zpr\u00e1va hodnot\u00ed v\u0161echny typy v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch instituc\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b univerzit, n\u00e1rodn\u00edch akademi\u00ed a soukrom\u00fdch laborato\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

ASPI charakterizuje sv\u00e9 nejv\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed jako \u201ebezprecedentn\u00ed koncentraci v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 s\u00edly\u201c v r\u00e1mci n\u011bkolika m\u00e1lo konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch instituc\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

1. Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed \u201et\u011b\u017ek\u00e1 v\u00e1ha\u201c:\u00a0<\/span>\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 akademie v\u011bd (CAS)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 akademie v\u011bd je dominantn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumnou instituc\u00ed na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

V 30 ze 74<\/span><\/em>\u00a0studovan\u00fdch technologi\u00ed se um\u00edstila na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b na sv\u011bt\u011b\u00a0. Jej\u00ed dominance se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ve v\u0161ech oblastech, od pokro\u010dil\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f a energetiky a\u017e po obranu a um\u011blou inteligenci.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017d\u00e1dn\u00e1 jin\u00e1 jednotliv\u00e1 instituce \u2013 a\u0165 u\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed, akademick\u00e1 nebo soukrom\u00e1 \u2013 se ani zdaleka nep\u0159ibli\u017euje t\u00e9to \u00farovni mezisektorov\u00e9ho veden\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

2. Nejlep\u0161\u00ed univerzity<\/span><\/h3>\n

Krom\u011b hlavn\u00edch n\u00e1rodn\u00edch akademi\u00ed vynik\u00e1 n\u011bkolik univerzit sv\u00fdm vysoce efektivn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Univerzita Tsinghua v Pekingu se um\u00edstila na prvn\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b v p\u011bti technologi\u00edch a v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed se trvale umis\u0165uje mezi 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Univerzita Zhejiang v Chang-\u010dou se \u0159ad\u00ed mezi 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edch v oblasti biotechnologi\u00ed a pokro\u010dil\u00fdch materi\u00e1l\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Pekingsk\u00e1 univerzita pat\u0159\u00ed mezi 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edch v oblasti kvantov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f a pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu polovodi\u010d\u016f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 \u0160anghajsk\u00e1 univerzita Jiaotong dominuje v oblasti robotiky a stavby lod\u00ed<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Univerzita v\u011bdy a techniky (USTC) v Che-fej je sv\u011btov\u00fdm l\u00eddrem v oblasti kvantov\u00e9 komunikace.<\/span><\/p>\n

Technologick\u00e1 univerzita Nanyang (NTU) v Singapuru je nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed instituc\u00ed mimo \u010c\u00ednu. Je l\u00eddrem v oblasti roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 reality (XR) a \u0159ad\u00ed se mezi 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edch v 17 technologi\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

MIT je nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed americkou instituc\u00ed a v 8 technologi\u00edch se umis\u0165uje v prvn\u00ed des\u00edtce.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Technick\u00e1 univerzita v Delftu (TU Delft) v Nizozemsku je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm hr\u00e1\u010dem v Evrop\u011b; l\u00eddrem v oblasti kvantov\u00fdch v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2013 Spole\u010dnost Maxe Plancka v N\u011bmecku se um\u00edstila na druh\u00e9m m\u00edst\u011b v oblasti gravita\u010dn\u00edch senzor\u016f a v 5 dal\u0161\u00edch kategori\u00edch pat\u0159\u00ed mezi 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n

3. \u201eSedm syn\u016f n\u00e1rodn\u00ed obrany\u201c (\u56fd\u9632\u4e03\u5b50)<\/span><\/h3>\n

Jedn\u00e1 se o skupinu sedmi elitn\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch univerzit, kter\u00e9 spadaj\u00ed pod p\u0159\u00edmou spr\u00e1vu Ministerstva pr\u016fmyslu a informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed (MIIT).<\/span><\/p>\n

V podstat\u011b jsou \u201estrojovnou\u201c \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho obrann\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a jejich v\u00fdznam v \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku ASPI Tech Tracker je zna\u010dn\u00fd; \u010dasto se umis\u0165uj\u00ed mezi 10 nejlep\u0161\u00edmi v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdmi \u00fastavy na sv\u011bt\u011b ve sv\u00e9m oboru.<\/span><\/p>\n

1)<\/strong> <\/span>Charbinsk\u00fd technologick\u00fd institut (HIT): \u010casto ozna\u010dovan\u00fd jako \u201eMIT of China\u201c je nejmocn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm ze sedmi institut\u016f, zejm\u00e9na v oblasti letectv\u00ed a robotiky.<\/span><\/p>\n

2)<\/strong><\/span> Univerzita Beihang (d\u0159\u00edve Pekingsk\u00e1 univerzita letectv\u00ed a astronautiky): P\u0159edn\u00ed centrum pro v\u00fdzkum v oblasti letectv\u00ed, raketov\u00e9 techniky, stealth technologi\u00ed a dron\u016f. Beihang je alma mater m\u00e9 matky, kde studovala v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

3)<\/strong> <\/span>Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed polytechnick\u00e1 univerzita (NPU): S\u00eddl\u00ed v Si-anu a specializuje se na \u201et\u0159i flotily\u201c (letectv\u00ed, vesm\u00edr a podvodn\u00ed boj).<\/span><\/p>\n

4)<\/strong><\/span> Pekingsk\u00fd technologick\u00fd institut (BIT): Zam\u011b\u0159uje se na pozemn\u00ed zbran\u011b, v\u00fdbu\u0161niny a radarovou technologii<\/span><\/p>\n

5)<\/strong> <\/span>Harbinsk\u00e1 in\u017een\u00fdrsk\u00e1 univerzita (HEU): p\u0159edn\u00ed instituce pro stavbu lod\u00ed a podvodn\u00ed akustiku<\/span><\/p>\n

6)<\/strong><\/span> Nanjingsk\u00e1 univerzita pro letectv\u00ed a astronautiku (NUAA): Zam\u011b\u0159en\u00ed na leteck\u00e9 motory, pohonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a technologii dron\u016f<\/span><\/p>\n

7)<\/strong><\/span> Nanjingsk\u00e1 univerzita v\u011bdy a techniky (NJUST): Nejlep\u0161\u00ed um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v oblasti balistiky, \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9 energie a inteligentn\u00edch materi\u00e1l\u016f<\/span><\/p>\n

V kategori\u00edch obrany, jako je \u0159\u00edzen\u00e1 energie a autonomn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, t\u011bchto sedm univerzit \u010dasto tvo\u0159\u00ed polovinu celosv\u011btov\u00e9ho \u017eeb\u0159\u00ed\u010dku prvn\u00ed des\u00edtky a p\u0159ed\u010d\u00ed tak Ivy League a p\u0159edn\u00ed evropsk\u00e9 instituce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vezm\u011bme si p\u0159\u00edklad z oblast\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>stealth\/proti-stealth<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 v\u011bdy<\/span><\/em>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkum v t\u00e9to oblasti se vyvinul nad r\u00e1mec tradi\u010dn\u00edho \u201etvarov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c (fyzick\u00e9 \u00fahly letadel) a zahrnuje\u00a0<\/span>pokro\u010dil\u00e9 metamateri\u00e1ly<\/span><\/em>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>bioinspirovan\u00e9<\/span><\/em>\u00a0designy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Univerzita Beihang provozuje nejmodern\u011bj\u0161\u00ed laborato\u0159e zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e9 na \u201einfra\u010derven\u00e9 kamufl\u00e1\u017en\u00ed materi\u00e1ly\u201c. C\u00edlem tohoto v\u00fdzkumu je u\u010dinit vysokorychlostn\u00ed letadla a rakety \u201eneviditeln\u00fdmi\u201c pro tepeln\u00e9 nav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed senzory pomoc\u00ed materi\u00e1l\u016f, kter\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed potla\u010dit tepeln\u00e9 podpisy, a to i p\u0159i nadzvukov\u00fdch rychlostech.<\/span><\/p>\n

Severoz\u00e1padn\u00ed polytechnick\u00e1 univerzita (NPU) zve\u0159ejnila pr\u016flomov\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u00fdzkumu bionick\u00fdch bezpilotn\u00edch letoun\u016f (UAV). Napodobov\u00e1n\u00edm struktury k\u0159\u00eddel a letov\u00fdch vzorc\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f dosahuj\u00ed tyto drony v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti prost\u0159ed\u00ed a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch radarov\u00fdch viditelnost\u00ed ne\u017e konven\u010dn\u00ed letadla s pevn\u00fdmi k\u0159\u00eddly.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u010dkoli ofici\u00e1ln\u011b nepat\u0159\u00ed mezi sedm univerzit, \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 univerzita v\u011bdy a techniky (USTC) s t\u011bmito univerzitami \u00fazce spolupracuje v oblasti\u00a0<\/span>kvantov\u00e9ho radaru<\/span><\/em>\u00a0. Tato technologie si klade za c\u00edl obej\u00edt konven\u010dn\u00ed stealth technologii detekc\u00ed \u201ekvantov\u00e9ho prov\u00e1z\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c \u010d\u00e1stic, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se sou\u010dasn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 stealth letouny, jako jsou F-22, F-35 nebo B-21, stanou detekovateln\u00fdmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cty\u0159i z t\u011bchto sedmi univerzit pat\u0159\u00ed mezi p\u011bt nejlep\u0161\u00edch univerzit v \u010c\u00edn\u011b, pokud jde o financov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu na zam\u011bstnance.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 30 % v\u0161ech absolvent\u016f t\u011bchto sedmi univerzit je p\u0159\u00edmo zam\u011bstn\u00e1no v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch st\u00e1tn\u00edch podnic\u00edch souvisej\u00edc\u00edch s obranou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle zpr\u00e1vy OECD z b\u0159ezna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku p\u0159ekonaly \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje na v\u00fdzkum v roce 2024 v\u00fddaje USA.\u00a0<\/span>https:\/\/www.oecd.org\/en\/data\/insights\/statistical-releases\/2026\/03\/oecd-overall-rd-growth-stable-government-rd-budgets-decline-and-reorient-towards-defence.html<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fddaje \u010c\u00edny na v\u00fdzkum se zv\u00fd\u0161ily z 33 miliard dolar\u016f v roce 2000 na 1,03 bilionu dolar\u016f v roce 2024, zat\u00edmco v\u00fddaje USA se ve stejn\u00e9m obdob\u00ed zv\u00fd\u0161ily z 268 miliard dolar\u016f na 1,01 bilionu dolar\u016f. (Podle Brownovy univerzity USA od roku 2001 utratily za v\u00e1lky na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b 8 bilion\u016f dolar\u016f.)<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem posledn\u00edch t\u0159\u00ed desetilet\u00ed Peking prosazoval celost\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k investic\u00edm do v\u011bdy a technologi\u00ed, \u010d\u00edm\u017e vytvo\u0159il obrovsk\u00fd impuls pro inovace v cel\u00e9m spektru kritick\u00fdch technologi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed vid\u00edme plody t\u011bchto udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch investic. \u010c\u00edna se ji\u017e transformovala ze sv\u011btov\u00e9 \u201etov\u00e1rny\u201c na sv\u00e9 \u201ecentrum v\u00fdzkumu a v\u00fdvoje\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autor: Hua Bin<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

\n
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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u010c\u00edna posiluje sv\u00e9 vedouc\u00ed postaven\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed V m\u00e9m posledn\u00edm \u010dl\u00e1nku jsem psal…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,30,59,1968],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106577"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106577"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106577\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/106578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106577"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106577"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106577"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}