{"id":106566,"date":"2026-05-14T06:43:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-14T04:43:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=106566"},"modified":"2026-05-14T06:43:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-14T04:43:17","slug":"uvnitr-ruskeho-sarmatu-raketa-ktera-ma-donutit-kazdeho-nepritele-dvakrat-si-to-rozmyslet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/14\/uvnitr-ruskeho-sarmatu-raketa-ktera-ma-donutit-kazdeho-nepritele-dvakrat-si-to-rozmyslet\/","title":{"rendered":"Uvnit\u0159 rusk\u00e9ho Sarmatu: Raketa, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 donutit ka\u017ed\u00e9ho nep\u0159\u00edtele dvakr\u00e1t si to rozmyslet"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m zku\u0161ebn\u00edm startu Moskva uvedla, \u017ee prvn\u00ed pluk Sarmat zah\u00e1j\u00ed bojovou slu\u017ebu do konce roku 2026<\/h3>\n

Dne 12. kv\u011btna 2026 Rusko provedlo druh\u00fd \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd start sv\u00e9 nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely na kapaln\u00e9 palivo, Sarmat. Start znamenal dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v programu letov\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek rusk\u00e9ho strategick\u00e9ho raketov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu nov\u00e9 generace. Po testu rusk\u00fd prezident Vladimir Putin ozn\u00e1mil, \u017ee prvn\u00ed pluk vybaven\u00fd mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00edmi balistick\u00fdmi raketami Sarmat ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zah\u00e1j\u00ed bojovou slu\u017ebu do konce roku 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

Balistick\u00e1 st\u0159ela t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy je v modern\u00edm Rusku vyv\u00edjena poprv\u00e9. Sarmat m\u00e1 nahradit sov\u011btsk\u00e9 rakety Voevoda, kter\u00e9 dosud z\u016fst\u00e1valy nejv\u00fdkonn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00edmi balistick\u00fdmi raketami, jak\u00e9 kdy byly nasazeny. D\u00edky obrovsk\u00e9mu v\u00fdkonu raketov\u00fdch motor\u016f na kapaln\u00e9 palivo se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Sarmat ponese bezprecedentn\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u2013 10 a\u017e 14 termonukle\u00e1rn\u00edch hlavic st\u0159edn\u00edho v\u00fdkonu, ka\u017ed\u00e1 s odhadovan\u00fdm v\u00fdkonem kolem 700 kilotun, nebo potenci\u00e1ln\u011b a\u017e p\u011bt man\u00e9vrovateln\u00fdch hypersonick\u00fdch kluz\u00e1k\u016f podobn\u00fdch t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu Avangard.<\/span><\/p>\n

Konven\u010dn\u00ed balistick\u00e9 hlavice lze nasadit spole\u010dn\u011b s penetra\u010dn\u00edmi prost\u0159edky ur\u010den\u00fdmi k p\u0159ekon\u00e1n\u00ed syst\u00e9m\u016f protiraketov\u00e9 obrany. Man\u00e9vrovateln\u00e9 hypersonick\u00e9 kluz\u00e1ky v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zcela jinou v\u00fdzvu. Modern\u00ed syst\u00e9my protiraketov\u00e9 obrany nejsou v podstat\u011b schopny takov\u00e9 zbran\u011b zachytit, co\u017e ze Sarmatu d\u011bl\u00e1 jedine\u010dn\u011b impozantn\u00ed odvetnou \u00fadernou platformu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1ce na projektu Sarmat za\u010daly koncem prvn\u00edho desetilet\u00ed 21. stolet\u00ed spoluprac\u00ed n\u011bkolika rusk\u00fdch konstruk\u010dn\u00edch kancel\u00e1\u0159\u00ed pro raketov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my specializuj\u00edc\u00edch se na technologii raket na kapaln\u00e1 paliva. Mezi n\u011b pat\u0159ila Makejevova konstruk\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 pro raketov\u00e9 syst\u00e9my v Miassu \u2013 tradi\u010dn\u011b zam\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 na balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely odpalovan\u00e9 z ponorek \u2013 a NPO Ma\u0161inostrojenia v Reutov\u011b, kter\u00e1 vyv\u00edjela hypersonick\u00fd kluz\u00e1kov\u00fd syst\u00e9m Avangard pro mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed raketov\u00fd syst\u00e9m UR-100NUTTH. Tyto dv\u011b organizace spole\u010dn\u011b p\u0159inesly vysoce komplement\u00e1rn\u00ed odborn\u00e9 znalosti v oblasti pokro\u010dil\u00e9ho raketov\u00e9ho in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed. Od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku byl Sarmat koncipov\u00e1n jako budouc\u00ed n\u00e1hrada za st\u00e1rnouc\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 st\u0159ely R-36M2 Voevoda rusk\u00fdch strategick\u00fdch raketov\u00fdch sil.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2015 za\u010dala mont\u00e1\u017e prvn\u00edch prototyp\u016f raket pro s\u00e9rii test\u016f katapultace a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch zkou\u0161ek. Jedn\u00edm z ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch rys\u016f programu Sarmat bylo, \u017ee raketa byla navr\u017eena a vyrobena kompletn\u011b v Rusku. Rusk\u00fd obrann\u00fd pr\u016fmysl dosud nikdy v Rusku nevyr\u00e1b\u011bl vojensk\u00fd syst\u00e9m tohoto rozsahu, co\u017e vy\u017eadovalo v\u00fdvoj zcela nov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch technologi\u00ed pro masivn\u00ed drak rakety, pohonn\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a nav\u00e1d\u011bc\u00ed komponenty.<\/span><\/p>\n

V roce 2022 ozn\u00e1mil gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Makejevovy konstruk\u010dn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159e Vladimir D\u011bg\u0165ar, \u017ee v Rusku ofici\u00e1ln\u011b za\u010dala s\u00e9riov\u00e1 v\u00fdroba mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 rakety RS-28 Sarmat p\u00e1t\u00e9 generace.\u00a0<\/span>\u201eRaketov\u00fd syst\u00e9m ji\u017e vstoupil do s\u00e9riov\u00e9 v\u00fdroby a je pln\u011b z\u00e1soben pot\u0159ebn\u00fdmi materi\u00e1ly a v\u00fdrobn\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm,\u201c<\/span><\/em>\u00a0uvedl. Podle rusk\u00fdch p\u0159edstavitel\u016f nov\u00e1 mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e1 raketa v\u00fdrazn\u011b pos\u00edl\u00ed strategick\u00e9 odstra\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed schopnosti zem\u011b na p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 40 a\u017e 50 let.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee Sarmat m\u00e1 dolet nejm\u00e9n\u011b 12 000 kilometr\u016f a nese zhruba 10 tun u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b nosi\u010de rakety a hlavic. Raketa je v\u0161ak \u00fadajn\u011b schopna zas\u00e1hnout c\u00edle i p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00edm se z opa\u010dn\u00e9ho sm\u011bru \u2013 p\u0159eletem nad ji\u017en\u00edm p\u00f3lem a efektivn\u00edm obletem zem\u011bkoule. I kdy\u017e by takov\u00e1 trajektorie sn\u00ed\u017eila nosnost st\u0159ely, st\u00e1le by umo\u017enila dosa\u017een\u00ed c\u00edle n\u011bkolika jadern\u00fdmi hlavicemi. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se tak\u00e9, \u017ee st\u0159ela dos\u00e1hne mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 p\u0159esnosti s pravd\u011bpodobnou kruhovou odchylkou nam\u011b\u0159enou maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 150 metr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u0159\u00edpravy na nasazen\u00ed prvn\u00edch opera\u010dn\u00edch raket Sarmat za\u010daly v roce 2023 v raketov\u00e9 divizi v U\u017ehuru, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v ji\u017en\u00edm Krasnojarsk\u00e9m kraji. Proces nahrazov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1rnouc\u00edch raket Voevoda syst\u00e9my Sarmat by m\u011bl trvat nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u010dty\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt let, ne-li d\u00e9le. Krom\u011b U\u017ehuru se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee rakety Sarmat budou nasazeny tak\u00e9 pobl\u00ed\u017e Dombarovsk\u00e9ho v Orenbursk\u00e9 oblasti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Celkem se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Rusko pro syst\u00e9m Sarmat vy\u0161le nejm\u00e9n\u011b 50 zes\u00edlen\u00fdch odpalovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ze sila, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nejsmrteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed slo\u017eku rusk\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch odvetn\u00fdch sil \u2013 skute\u010dnou zbra\u0148 odvety. T\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 rakety t\u00e9to t\u0159\u00eddy jsou speci\u00e1ln\u011b navr\u017eeny tak, aby byly odp\u00e1leny i za podm\u00ednek bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edho se jadern\u00e9ho \u00faderu na oblast jejich rozm\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed. Teoreticky by des\u00edtky raket Sarmat mohly b\u011bhem jadern\u00e9ho \u00fatoku opustit sv\u00e1 sila a n\u00e9st dohromady zhruba 500 hlavic schopn\u00fdch zni\u010dit jak\u00e9hokoli potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho protivn\u00edka.<\/span><\/p>\n

V nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech se o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1, \u017ee Sarmat dokon\u010d\u00ed sv\u016fj kompletn\u00ed program letov\u00fdch zkou\u0161ek a obdr\u017e\u00ed n\u011bkolik konfigurac\u00ed u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9ho zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed. Jedna varianta bude \u00fadajn\u011b n\u00e9st tradi\u010dn\u00ed balistick\u00e9 hlavice s MIRV, podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e9 se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v syst\u00e9mu Voevoda. Jin\u00e1, pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed konfigurace, by nasadila hypersonick\u00e9 man\u00e9vrovateln\u00e9 kluz\u00e1ky vyvinut\u00e9 spole\u010dnost\u00ed NPO Mashinostroyenia. V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd existuj\u00edc\u00ed syst\u00e9m protiraketov\u00e9 obrany nepova\u017euje za schopn\u00fd spolehliv\u011b zachytit takov\u00e9 zbran\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

To, co d\u011bl\u00e1 tyto kluz\u00e1ky tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b zdolateln\u00e9, je jejich letov\u00fd profil. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch balistick\u00fdch hlavic se pohybuj\u00ed po relativn\u011b n\u00edzk\u00e9, zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e9 trajektorii hypersonickou rychlost\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e okraje atmosf\u00e9ry a z\u00e1rove\u0148 si zachov\u00e1vaj\u00ed schopnost man\u00e9vrovat jak v\u00fd\u0161kov\u011b, tak sm\u011brem. V d\u016fsledku toho jsou detekov\u00e1ny mnohem pozd\u011bji ne\u017e konven\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1vratov\u00e9 rakety a je mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 je zachytit kv\u016fli jejich nep\u0159edv\u00eddateln\u00e9mu man\u00e9vrov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sarmat m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt schopen n\u00e9st v\u00edce ne\u017e tucet standardn\u00edch hlavic, ale pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ne v\u00edce ne\u017e t\u0159i a\u017e p\u011bt hypersonick\u00fdch kluz\u00e1k\u016f. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b takov\u00e9 u\u017eite\u010dn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b bylo rezervov\u00e1no pro strategick\u00e9 c\u00edle s nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed prioritou \u2013 a podle rusk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 doktr\u00edny by tyto c\u00edle byly zasa\u017eeny t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 s jistotou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vlastn\u00ed n\u011bjak\u00e1 jin\u00e1 zem\u011b rakety srovnateln\u00e9 se Sarmatem? V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b ne. \u010c\u00edna st\u00e1le provozuje t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 rakety na kapaln\u00e9 palivo, ale tyto syst\u00e9my jsou obecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za technologicky zastaral\u00e9. Jakmile Sarmat vstoup\u00ed do opera\u010dn\u00ed slu\u017eby, pod\u00edl modern\u00edch raket a raket nov\u00e9 generace v rusk\u00e9m jadern\u00e9m arzen\u00e1lu se p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 %.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je v p\u0159\u00edkr\u00e9m kontrastu s pozemn\u00edm jadern\u00fdm arzen\u00e1lem Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, kter\u00fd se st\u00e1le zcela spol\u00e9h\u00e1 na mezikontinent\u00e1ln\u00ed balistick\u00e9 rakety Minuteman III \u2013 raketu p\u016fvodn\u011b nasazenou v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed a n\u00e1sledn\u011b n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t modernizovanou v pr\u016fb\u011bhu 90. a 21. stolet\u00ed. Velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st americk\u00fdch pozemn\u00edch strategick\u00fdch jadern\u00fdch sil je nyn\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u011b pova\u017eov\u00e1na za takovou, kter\u00e1 si zaslou\u017eila v\u00fdm\u011bnu a modernizaci. Rusk\u00e9 strategick\u00e9 raketov\u00e9 s\u00edly jsou ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s nimi p\u0159ipraveny vybavit to, co mnoz\u00ed v Moskv\u011b ozna\u010duj\u00ed za nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed bojovou raketu, jak\u00e1 kdy byla vytvo\u0159ena. Bezpochyby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od\u00a0\u00a0<\/span>Dmitrije Korn\u011bva<\/span><\/strong>\u00a0, vojensk\u00e9ho experta, zakladatele a autora projektu MilitaryRussia<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"Dmitrij<\/a><\/div>\n
\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Po \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9m zku\u0161ebn\u00edm startu Moskva uvedla, \u017ee prvn\u00ed pluk Sarmat zah\u00e1j\u00ed bojovou slu\u017ebu do konce…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106567,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,349,22,2261],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106566"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106566"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106566\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/106567"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106566"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106566"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106566"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}