{"id":106459,"date":"2026-05-13T00:32:17","date_gmt":"2026-05-12T22:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=106459"},"modified":"2026-05-12T17:02:35","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T15:02:35","slug":"zpusoby-vedeni-valky-prochazeji-uplnou-metamorfozou","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/13\/zpusoby-vedeni-valky-prochazeji-uplnou-metamorfozou\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eZp\u016fsoby veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky\u201c proch\u00e1zej\u00ed \u00faplnou metamorf\u00f3zou"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

A\u010dkoliv byla v\u00e1lka v \u00cdr\u00e1nu do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry vn\u00edm\u00e1na optikou konven\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1padn\u00edho v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, jej\u00ed ponau\u010den\u00ed jsou v\u0161\u00edm, jen ne konven\u010dn\u00ed. Ve skute\u010dnosti jsou povstaleck\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup (zejm\u00e9na v kontextu studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky) se spol\u00e9hal na schopnost p\u0159elst\u00edt jak\u00e9hokoli vojensk\u00e9ho protivn\u00edka prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00e9, vysoce vybaven\u00e9 a drah\u00e9 munice a letadel. Doktrin\u00e1ln\u00ed taktikou byla dominance ve vzdu\u0161n\u00e9m prostoru a siln\u00e1 z\u00e1vislost na leteck\u00e9m bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2013 tedy leteck\u00e1 v\u00e1lka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1vod o investice (a doprovodn\u00e9 technick\u00e9 inovace) byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd prvek konfrontace se SSSR.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b i doktr\u00edna v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1lce spo\u010d\u00edvala v investic\u00edch do st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00edch letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00ed a s nimi spojen\u00fdch \u00farovn\u00ed podp\u016frn\u00fdch lod\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159nictva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro pozemn\u00ed v\u00e1lku se operace Pou\u0161tn\u00ed bou\u0159e v ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 v\u00e1lce spol\u00e9hala na tanky, kter\u00e9 \u201epror\u00e1\u017eely\u201c obrann\u00e9 linie protivn\u00edka \u2013 a\u010dkoli Z\u00e1pad od tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu na Ukrajin\u011b po p\u0159elomu 21. stolet\u00ed upustil ve prosp\u011bch \u201ez\u00e1kopov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky\u201c veden\u00e9 drony na frontov\u00e9 linii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Doktr\u00edna vysok\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed zv\u00fdhod\u0148ovala jak americk\u00fd vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00fd komplex, tak v kombinaci s hegemoni\u00ed americk\u00e9ho dolaru dala Americe jedine\u010dnou v\u00fdhodu v tom, \u017ee Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm umo\u017enila \u201etisknout dolary\u201c na financov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto dodate\u010dn\u00fdch nadm\u011brn\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u016f na \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pak p\u0159i\u0161la v\u00e1lka s \u00cdr\u00e1nem v roce 2026, jej\u00ed\u017e asymetrick\u00fd model p\u0159evr\u00e1til konven\u010dn\u00ed doktr\u00edny.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n neusiluje o vzdu\u0161nou nadvl\u00e1du, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e se sna\u017e\u00ed ovl\u00e1dat vzdu\u0161n\u00fd prostor pomoc\u00ed raket.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00edsto pozemn\u00ed vojensk\u00e9 infrastruktury byly raketov\u00e9 arzen\u00e1ly, odpalovac\u00ed za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed a velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st raketov\u00e9 produkce rozpt\u00fdleny po rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch geografick\u00fdch oblastech \u00cdr\u00e1nu a poh\u0159beny hluboko v podzemn\u00edch m\u011bstech vytesan\u00fdch do horsk\u00fdch p\u00e1sem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kl\u00ed\u010dovou transformac\u00ed asymetrick\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu v\u0161ak byl p\u0159\u00edchod snadno dostupn\u00fdch a levn\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch komponent. Zat\u00edmco Z\u00e1pad utratil miliony dolar\u016f za ka\u017edou st\u00edhac\u00ed raketu, \u00cdr\u00e1n a jeho spojenci jich utratili jen stovky.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdhoda dolarov\u00e9 hegemonie proto zmizela a m\u00edsto toho se stala z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e\u00ed \u2013 nadsazen\u00e9 n\u00e1klady na americkou munici a jej\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00e9 in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed vedly ke sklerotick\u00fdm dodavatelsk\u00fdm \u0159et\u011bzc\u016fm, dlouh\u00fdm v\u00fdrobn\u00edm cykl\u016fm a minim\u00e1ln\u00edm z\u00e1sob\u00e1m zbran\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dadajnou technologickou p\u0159evahu americk\u00fdch zbran\u00ed podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed tak\u00e9 \u201egar\u00e1\u017ee\u201c a \u201ed\u00edlny\u201c vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed levn\u00e9 technologick\u00e9 komponenty. Ty generuj\u00ed inovace, kter\u00e9 jsou pot\u00e9 po neform\u00e1ln\u00edm testov\u00e1n\u00ed \u201evojensk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady\u201c p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1ny a roz\u0161i\u0159ov\u00e1ny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tento trend je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00fd v rusk\u00e9 arm\u00e1d\u011b, kde byla zpo\u010d\u00e1tku testov\u00e1na \u201egar\u00e1\u017eov\u00e1\u201c technologie a pot\u00e9 implementov\u00e1na ve v\u0161ech vojensk\u00fdch struktur\u00e1ch. To plat\u00ed jak pro technologick\u00fd hardware, tak pro inovace v oblasti um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve stejn\u00e9m duchu inovace Hizball\u00e1hu s jeho drony ovl\u00e1dan\u00fdmi optick\u00fdmi vl\u00e1kny zm\u011bnila v\u00e1lku v ji\u017en\u00edm Libanonu a\u00a0<\/span>zp\u016fsobila izraelsk\u00fdm tank\u016fm a voj\u00e1k\u016fm t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 ztr\u00e1ty<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, a to do t\u00e9 m\u00edry, \u017ee IDF m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nucena se z ji\u017en\u00edho Libanonu st\u00e1hnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podobn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>asymetrie a inovace<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch tras\u00e1ch naru\u0161uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1vislost Z\u00e1padu na velk\u00fdch v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdch lod\u00edch a t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch letadlov\u00fdch lod\u00edch. Ty se staly \u201eb\u00edl\u00fdmi slony\u201c \u201ev\u00e1lky\u201c v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, proto\u017ee jsou rojemi dron\u016f a hrozbami protilodn\u00edch raket vytla\u010dov\u00e1ny tak daleko od \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed, \u017ee jejich palubn\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00e9 letouny jsou omezeny ve sv\u00fdch schopnostech nutnost\u00ed dopl\u0148ovat palivo za letu p\u0159ed dosa\u017een\u00edm c\u00edle.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pohled na skute\u010dn\u00fd \u201eroj\u201c des\u00edtek ozbrojen\u00fdch motorov\u00fdch \u010dlun\u016f bl\u00ed\u017e\u00edc\u00edch se ke konven\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lodi jen podtrhuje jejich zranitelnost. \u00cdr\u00e1n ka\u017edop\u00e1dn\u011b disponuje i jin\u00fdmi protilodn\u00edmi zbran\u011bmi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Stru\u010dn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, americk\u00e1 letadlov\u00e1 lo\u010f u\u017e nevzbuzuje strach jako kdysi; nyn\u00ed vyza\u0159uje zranitelnost.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nov\u00e1 \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed v\u00e1lka v\u0161ak zahrnuje i vysokorychlostn\u00ed ponorn\u00e9 drony (nebo torp\u00e9da), kter\u00e9 mohou setrvat a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i dny a jsou vybaveny zam\u011b\u0159ovac\u00edmi funkcemi poh\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdmi um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed. Tyto drony lze odpalovat z podvodn\u00edch tunel\u016f nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se pod hladinou Hormuzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 inovace byly jist\u011b pl\u00e1nov\u00e1ny a vyv\u00edjeny po dlouhou dobu. Jejich \u00fa\u010dinnost se prok\u00e1zala b\u011bhem konfliktu s Izraelem a Spojen\u00fdmi st\u00e1ty. \u00cdr\u00e1n odolal izraelsk\u00e9mu a americk\u00e9mu kobercov\u00e9mu bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed (a\u010dkoli utrp\u011bl t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 \u0161kody a ztr\u00e1ty), ale nad\u00e1le kontroluje Gibraltarsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv, udr\u017euje si bohat\u00e9 z\u00e1soby raket a znemo\u017enil\u00a0<\/span>pou\u017eit\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00e1 je zku\u0161enost z v\u00e1lky v \u00cdr\u00e1nu. Velk\u00fdm strategick\u00fdm ponau\u010den\u00edm v\u0161ak je, \u017ee uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u201ezp\u016fsob veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky\u201c byl zast\u00edn\u011bn levnou, inovativn\u00ed technologi\u00ed a pe\u010dliv\u00fdm asymetrick\u00fdm pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed model m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed \u0161kody \u2013 o tom nen\u00ed pochyb \u2013 ale jeho absence chirurgick\u00e9ho uplatn\u011bn\u00ed je tak\u00e9 kontraproduktivn\u00ed v dob\u011b masm\u00e9di\u00ed a fotografov\u00e1n\u00ed chytr\u00fdmi telefony, kter\u00e9 sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o smrti\u00a0, ni\u010den\u00ed a\u00a0utrpen\u00ed\u00a0<\/a><\/span>civilist\u016f<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Druh\u00fdm bodem je, \u017ee Z\u00e1pad z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ekop\u00e1dn\u00fdm gigantem, kter\u00fd nedok\u00e1zal pochopit \u2013 nato\u017e p\u0159edv\u00eddat \u2013 novou asymetrickou v\u00e1lku. Inovace byly brzd\u011bny transformac\u00ed vojensko-pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9ho komplexu v byrokratick\u00e9 monopoly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1padn\u00ed zp\u016fsob veden\u00ed v\u00e1lky je zastaral\u00fdm modelem, pokud \u010del\u00edme sofistikovan\u00e9mu asymetrick\u00e9mu protivn\u00edkovi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale i jin\u00ed se z v\u00e1lky v \u00cdr\u00e1nu skute\u010dn\u011b pou\u010dili.\u00a0Nap\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<\/span>Rusko ,\u00a0<\/span><\/a>\u010c\u00edna tak\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. A mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed. Z\u00e1pad m\u016f\u017ee o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee tato ponau\u010den\u00ed budou dob\u0159e pochopena a v r\u016fzn\u00fdch form\u00e1ch uplatn\u011bna v dal\u0161\u00edch v\u00e1lk\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 vede.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropsk\u00e9 elity mohou zjistit, \u017ee jejich napom\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fatok\u016fm ukrajinsk\u00fdch dron\u016f hluboko v Rusku by mohlo v bl\u00edzk\u00e9 budoucnosti v\u00e9st k jin\u00e9 (kinetick\u00e9) reakci.\u00a0<\/span>Byla vyd\u00e1na varov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0. Budou respektov\u00e1na?<\/span><\/p>\n

Alastair Crooke<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A\u010dkoliv byla v\u00e1lka v \u00cdr\u00e1nu do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry vn\u00edm\u00e1na optikou konven\u010dn\u00edho z\u00e1padn\u00edho v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, jej\u00ed ponau\u010den\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":106460,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,1917,2856,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106459"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106459"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106459\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/106460"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106459"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106459"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106459"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}