{"id":106285,"date":"2026-05-11T00:22:09","date_gmt":"2026-05-10T22:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=106285"},"modified":"2026-05-10T14:25:48","modified_gmt":"2026-05-10T12:25:48","slug":"zbynek-fiala-usporu-vyresi-krize","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/05\/11\/zbynek-fiala-usporu-vyresi-krize\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbyn\u011bk Fiala: \u00dasporu vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed krize"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p><strong>Ropu, kter\u00e1 neprote\u010de Horm\u00fazem, zat\u00edm \u010derp\u00e1me ze z\u00e1sob. Ale ty dojdou, a pak p\u0159ijde propad, kter\u00fd ka\u017ed\u00fd neustoj\u00ed. Jak\u00e9 jsou dostupn\u00e9 obran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pozice?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kone\u010dn\u011b zazn\u011bla varov\u00e1n\u00ed centr\u00e1ln\u00edch bank\u00e9\u0159\u016f, \u017ee bude tak zle, \u017ee nem\u00e1 smysl se p\u0159id\u00e1vat n\u011bjak\u00fdm utahov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161roub\u016f v\u00a0m\u011bnov\u00e9 politice. \u010cNB vid\u00ed \u201emo\u017en\u00e9 negativn\u00ed vlivy na ekonomickou aktivitu a finan\u010dn\u00ed podm\u00ednky\u201c, jak zn\u00ed korektn\u00ed obrat pro pr\u016f\u0161vih dlouho nev\u00eddan\u00fdch rozm\u011br\u016f. \u0160\u00e9fka Evropsk\u00e9 centr\u00e1ln\u00ed banky Lagardeov\u00e1 taky moc nev\u00ed, co s\u00a0t\u00edm. Rozhodnut\u00ed ECB bude vych\u00e1zet z jej\u00edho posouzen\u00ed krize, v\u010detn\u011b \u201ejej\u00edho rozsahu, d\u00e9lky trv\u00e1n\u00ed a dopad\u016f\u201c, jako\u017e i z jej\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f na ceny a nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 n\u00e1klady, tlumo\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1m Bloomberg.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Obecn\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di jsou obranou t\u011bch, kdo rozhoduj\u00ed, aby pak mohli prohla\u0161ovat: \u201eV\u017edycky jsme \u0159\u00edkali, \u017ee\u2026\u201c, nebo naopak \u201enikdy jsme ne\u0159ekli, \u017ee \u2026\u201c<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00a0re\u00e1lu je to v\u0161ak jednozna\u010dn\u00e9, jak upozor\u0148uje Paul Krugman. Zablokov\u00e1n\u00ed Horm\u00fazsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu znamen\u00e1, \u017ee sv\u011btu chyb\u00ed 15 milion\u016f tun ropy denn\u011b, ale spot\u0159eba klesla jen m\u00edrn\u011b, proto\u017ee se m\u00edsto toho \u010derp\u00e1 11 milion\u016f tun ropy denn\u011b ze z\u00e1sob. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd z\u00e1sobn\u00edk v\u0161ak nen\u00ed bezedn\u00fd. V\u00a0ur\u010dit\u00e9m okam\u017eiku bude muset sv\u011btov\u00e1 spot\u0159eba klesnout o t\u011bch cel\u00fdch 15 milion\u016f tun ropy.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jak toho dos\u00e1hnout? Mo\u017en\u00e1 cenou, ale na tu zat\u00edm spot\u0159eba moc nereaguje. Muselo by to b\u00fdt drastick\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed cen. Nebo p\u0159\u00edd\u011bly, ale pak se nedostane na ka\u017ed\u00e9ho. V\u00a0obou p\u0159\u00edpadech je tedy pot\u0159eba tak velk\u00e1 krize, aby srazila sv\u011btovou spot\u0159ebu ropy o 15 procent. Zat\u00edm se bav\u00edme o desetink\u00e1ch procenta ztr\u00e1ty tempa r\u016fstu, tak\u017ee jsme dost mimo.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pokud tedy v\u00e1lka s\u00a0\u00cdr\u00e1nem velice rychle neskon\u010d\u00ed, bude to glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd masakr, proti kter\u00e9mu byla finan\u010dn\u00ed krize 2008-9 proch\u00e1zkou r\u016f\u017eovou zahradou. Co to ud\u011bl\u00e1 s\u00a0pen\u011bzi, p\u00e1mbu v\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">O to v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed hodnotu bude m\u00edt spolupr\u00e1ce t\u011bch, komu nejde o \u010dtvrtletn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edr\u016fstky zisku, ale o zachov\u00e1n\u00ed pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Tak jako energetick\u00e1 krize povzbudila z\u00e1jem o obnoviteln\u00e9 zdroje a energetickou nez\u00e1vislost (ve sv\u011bt\u011b, zat\u00edmco u n\u00e1s, kde v\u00edme v\u0161echno nejl\u00edp, se dr\u017e\u00edme zp\u00e1tky) a tak jako se o\u017eivuj\u00ed se vzpom\u00ednky na alternativn\u00ed dopl\u0148kov\u00e9 m\u011bny, kter\u00e9 zachra\u0148ovaly rakousk\u00e9 a n\u011bmeck\u00e9 regiony za Velk\u00e9 krize ve 30. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed, tak je t\u0159eba konkr\u00e9tn\u011bji uva\u017eovat i o v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed. Za finan\u010dn\u00ed krize p\u0159ed dvaceti lety, se l\u00e9pe da\u0159ilo dru\u017estv\u016fm ne\u017e jin\u00fdm form\u00e1m podnik\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sl\u00edbil jsem, \u017ee se k\u00a0v\u011bci, o kter\u00e9 jsem za\u010dal ps\u00e1t u\u017e p\u0159ed t\u00fddnem, znovu podrobn\u011bji vr\u00e1t\u00edm. Poj\u010fme tedy do toho.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">My\u0161lenku zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed jsem p\u0159ed \u010dasem p\u0159ipomn\u011bl ve sborn\u00edku redigovan\u00e9m Ji\u0159\u00edm Siln\u00fdm pod n\u00e1zvem Krize a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti. V\u011bnoval se ekonomick\u00fdm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm dopad\u016fm epidemie Covid-19. Byla mi tam sv\u011b\u0159ena kapitola o ekonomick\u00fdch dopadech pandemie a m\u011bl jsem nab\u00eddnout inspiraci pro transformativn\u00ed vyzn\u011bn\u00ed krize. Tenkr\u00e1t \u0161lo skute\u010dn\u011b o \u017eivot, proto jsem zvolil titulek\u00a0<em>Jin\u00e1 budoucnost je nutn\u00e1, jestli chceme p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt<\/em>\u00a0(str. 35).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/rosalux.cz\/publikace\/krize-a-prilezitosti\/\">https:\/\/rosalux.cz\/publikace\/krize-a-prilezitosti\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ale ani dnes to nen\u00ed jin\u00e9. Kdo si te\u010f chce p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit, jak to v\u0161echno hraje dohromady, je to dobr\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k\u00a0intelektu\u00e1ln\u00edmu rozb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nejprve instituce. Pokud jde o akcion\u00e1\u0159e v\u00a0roli zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, je ot\u00e1zka, jak\u00fd bude jejich vztah k\u00a0odbor\u016fm, ale mohou se op\u0159\u00edt o Evropskou federaci pro zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed (<em>European Federation for Emloyee Share Ownership \u2013 EFES<\/em>,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.efesonline.org\/\">https:\/\/www.efesonline.org\/<\/a>). Ta \u00fazce spolupracuje s\u00a0hlavn\u00ed odbornou veli\u010dinou oboru Davidem Ellermanem, kter\u00fd p\u016fsobil na konci mil\u00e9nia jako poradce hlavn\u00edho ekonoma Sv\u011btov\u00e9 banky Josepha Stiglitze.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kdy\u017e jsem si s\u00a0Ellermanem p\u0159ed \u010dasem psal, p\u0159ipomn\u011bl mi, \u017ee na za\u010d\u00e1tku\u00a090. let p\u016fsobil kr\u00e1tce v\u00a0Praze. O syst\u00e9mu podpory zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed ESOP (<em>Employee Stock Ownership Plan<\/em>) jsme se tak mohli u\u017e tenkr\u00e1t do\u010d\u00edst t\u0159eba v\u00a0rozhovoru v Rud\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu (<em>Pom\u016f\u017ee n\u00e1m ESOP?<\/em>\u00a0RP 18. 6. 1991).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Kr\u00e1tce p\u0159edt\u00edm o\u017eila \u010cesk\u00e1 spole\u010dnost pro zam\u011bstnaneckou participaci (s historick\u00fdm ozna\u010den\u00edm\u00a0<em>KSLP<\/em>). Pozd\u011bji propojila s\u00a0Alternativou Zdola, a tak se na tom pod\u00edlela i ekonomka Ilona \u0160vihl\u00edkov\u00e1. V\u00fd\u010det zdroj\u016f tohoto hnut\u00ed je na adrese\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/druzstevni-inkubator.cz\/knihy\/\">https:\/\/druzstevni-inkubator.cz\/knihy\/<\/a>\u00a0.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Samotn\u00fd Ellerman je d\u00e9monick\u00fd polyhistor, kter\u00fd se v\u011bnuje tak\u00e9 filozofii, matematice a kvantov\u00e9 mechanice. Je drsn\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd, jak vy\u010dteme z titulku jedn\u00e9 jeho pr\u00e1ce o novodob\u00e9m \u201eru\u0161en\u00ed otroctv\u00ed\u201c cestou ekonomick\u00e9 demokracie (<em>Neo-Abolitionism: Abolishing Human Rentals in Favor of Workplace Democracy, Springer 2021<\/em>\u00a0\u2013 ke sta\u017een\u00ed na\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ellerman.org\/about-david-p-ellerman\/\">https:\/\/www.ellerman.org\/about-david-p-ellerman\/<\/a>\u00a0.)<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nakonec p\u0159es\u00eddlil do slovinsk\u00e9 Ljublan\u011b a zalo\u017eil tam Institut pro ekonomickou demokracii. A odtud poch\u00e1z\u00ed i jeho \u201eevropsk\u00fd ESOP\u201c, na kter\u00fd se odvol\u00e1v\u00e1 i Evropsk\u00e1 federace zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed EFES.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efesonline.org\/Annual%20Economic%20Survey\/Presentation.htm\">https:\/\/www.efesonline.org\/Annual%20Economic%20Survey\/Presentation.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Odborn\u011b je pops\u00e1n ve studii\u00a0<em>European Employee Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP): the\u00a0main structural features and\u00a0pilot implementation in\u00a0Slovenia<\/em>, ke sta\u017een\u00ed na<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43546-022-00363-7\"><em>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s43546-022-00363-7<\/em><\/a><em>\u00a0.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tam se do\u010dteme, \u017ee evropsk\u00fd model ESOP vych\u00e1z\u00ed z\u00a0toho americk\u00e9ho, ale ve zna\u010dn\u011b dolad\u011bn\u00e9 form\u011b. Zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed v\u00a0podob\u011b pod\u00edl\u016f je soust\u0159ed\u011bn\u00e9 do fondu, kter\u00fd je p\u0159idru\u017een ke spole\u010dnosti, ale je spravov\u00e1n separovan\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 Ellerman pova\u017euje t\u0159i v\u011bci. Prvn\u00ed je n\u00e1rok pod\u00edln\u00edka na odkup pod\u00edlu fondem p\u0159i odchodu do d\u016fchodu nebo v\u00a0dal\u0161\u00edch podobn\u00fdch situac\u00edch (<em>repurchase liability<\/em>), co\u017e je z\u00e1kladem jeho pojet\u00ed ESOP jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti \u0161\u00ed\u0159e pojat\u00e9ho penzijn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Druh\u00e1, nov\u00ed zam\u011bstnanci jsou do ESOP za\u010dle\u0148ov\u00e1ni automaticky. A t\u0159et\u00ed, ESOP mus\u00ed vytvo\u0159it pr\u00e1vn\u011b zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky pro zam\u011bstnaneckou participaci, \u010dili \u017ee jsou informov\u00e1ni, mohou p\u0159edkl\u00e1dat n\u00e1vrhy a pod\u00edlet se na rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Za nejefektivn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed formu vlastnictv\u00ed EFES pova\u017euje dru\u017estvo (<em>Employee Ownership Cooperative &#8211; EOC<\/em>), kter\u00e9 \u010dlen\u016fm rozd\u011bluje pod\u00edly na zisku a zhodnocen\u00ed akci\u00ed. Ka\u017ed\u00fd zam\u011bstnanec je \u010dlenem dru\u017estva a m\u00e1 v\u00a0n\u011bm sv\u016fj individu\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u010det, na kter\u00e9m je veden jeho kapit\u00e1lov\u00fd pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti (individu\u00e1ln\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00fd \u00fa\u010det, ICA). ESOP nebo EOC je tak n\u00e1strojem, kter\u00fd zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm umo\u017e\u0148uje z\u00edsk\u00e1vat a postupn\u011b navy\u0161ovat sv\u016fj kapit\u00e1lov\u00fd pod\u00edl ve spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Akcie z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed na \u00fa\u010dtu ICA, ale pod\u00edln\u00edk m\u016f\u017ee vyu\u017e\u00edvat v\u0161echna pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 z\u00a0nich plynou. Nem\u016f\u017ee v\u0161ak sv\u016fj pod\u00edl prodat mimo ESOP, zastavit nebo odk\u00e1zat v\u00a0d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Jedn\u00e1 se proto o\u00a0<em>individualizovan\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jinou variantu p\u0159edstavuje\u00a0<em>kolektivizovan\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed<\/em>, kter\u00e9 funguje v\u00a0zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fdch dru\u017estvech v Brit\u00e1nii (<em>European Ownership Trust Model<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.efesonline.org\/fasuk261.htm\">https:\/\/www.efesonline.org\/fasuk261.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enost\u00ed je\u00a0<em>individualizovan\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9 vlastnictv\u00ed\u00a0<\/em>jako jsou pl\u00e1ny n\u00e1kup\u016f akci\u00ed pro zam\u011bstnance nebo n\u00e1kupy opc\u00ed, jak se na to omezuje nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00faprava podpory zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vlastnictv\u00ed (2025) v\u00a0\u010cesku.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">V\u00a0ESOP si v\u0161ak zam\u011bstnanci akcie nekupuj\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do ESOP pravideln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky, kter\u00e9 pak ESOP pou\u017eije k\u00a0odkupu akci\u00ed od st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edho vlastn\u00edka (a nakonec i k\u00a0odkupu akci\u00ed od odch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f). V\u00a0\u010cesku by v\u0161ak takov\u00e9 \u201eakcie zadarmo\u201c znamenaly ztr\u00e1tu da\u0148ov\u00fdch v\u00fdhod vytvo\u0159en\u00fdch lo\u0148skou legislativn\u00ed \u00fapravou. M\u00e1me tedy z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd jde spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm sm\u011brem, ale jen na p\u016fl cesty. To by se muselo zm\u011bnit.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/akschejbal.cz\/zamestnanecke-akcie-esop-konecne-s-danovou-logikou-za-jakych-podminek-je-lze-zavest-a-vyuzit\">https:\/\/akschejbal.cz\/zamestnanecke-akcie-esop-konecne-s-danovou-logikou-za-jakych-podminek-je-lze-zavest-a-vyuzit<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>\u201eV\u011bt\u0161ina americk\u00fdch program\u016f ESOP byla z\u0159\u00edzena za \u00fa\u010delem \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1stupnictv\u00ed v rodinn\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch nebo mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnic\u00edch, kde se zakladatel\u00e9 cht\u011bli odej\u00edt do d\u016fchodu nebo odej\u00edt, aby se v\u011bnovali jin\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitostem, a nem\u011bli \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 rodinn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed by cht\u011bli podnik p\u0159evz\u00edt. Prodej konkurentovi obvykle znamen\u00e1 pomalou smrt podniku, proto\u017ee konkurent p\u0159esune seznam z\u00e1kazn\u00edk\u016f, n\u011bkter\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 zam\u011bstnance a nakonec cel\u00fd podnik do sv\u00fdch hlavn\u00edch provozoven.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Rodinn\u00e9 firmy jsou p\u0159\u00ednosem tak\u00e9 pro m\u00edstn\u00ed komunitu, proto\u017ee poskytuj\u00ed pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta, p\u0159\u00edjmy a dan\u011b na podporu komunity \u2013 prodej konkurentovi tak m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt nakonec vn\u00edm\u00e1n jako zrada komunity a m\u00edstn\u00edch zam\u011bstnanc\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f p\u0159ijdou o pr\u00e1ci. To nen\u00ed pro rodinnou firmu dobr\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Program ESOP nab\u00edz\u00ed alternativu, jak odm\u011bnit zam\u011bstnance, kte\u0159\u00ed pomohli vybudovat spole\u010dnost, a zachovat pracovn\u00ed m\u00edsta, p\u0159\u00edjmy a dan\u011b v m\u00edstn\u00ed komunit\u011b, a z\u00e1rove\u0148 odm\u011bnit zakladatele a majitele za jejich celo\u017eivotn\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><em>Dal\u0161\u00ed programy ESOP v USA byly zavedeny proto, \u017ee majitel\u00e9 cht\u011bli z\u00edskat p\u0159\u00edstup k levn\u00e9mu dluhov\u00e9mu kapit\u00e1lu (p\u00e1kov\u00e9 programy ESOP) nebo cht\u011bli motivovat a odm\u011bnit zam\u011bstnance t\u00edm, \u017ee z nich ud\u011blali majitele. Zat\u00edmco v\u011bt\u0161ina americk\u00fdch program\u016f ESOP se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v sektoru mal\u00fdch a st\u0159edn\u00edch podnik\u016f, n\u011bkter\u00e9 americk\u00e9 programy ESOP jsou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed velk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed,\u201c<\/em>\u00a0vysv\u011btluje Ellerman a uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad\u00a0<em>Publix Supermarkets<\/em>\u00a0s\u00a0207 tis\u00edc zam\u011bstnanci.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mechanismus vzniku vlastnick\u00e9ho dru\u017estva zam\u011bstnanc\u016f (EOC):<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Jedn\u00e1 se o p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9 p\u0159evzet\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed, strany jednaj\u00ed v\u00a0souladu. Na za\u010d\u00e1tku je garance spole\u010dnosti, \u017ee bude poskytovat p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky na n\u00e1kup ur\u010dit\u00e9ho procenta akci\u00ed do fondu ESOP nebo zam\u011bstnaneck\u00e9ho vlastnick\u00e9ho dru\u017estva (EOC). Akcie jsou pak ocen\u011bny a EOC vystav\u00ed vlastn\u00edkovi garantovanou sm\u011bnku za tyto akcie. Akcie p\u0159ech\u00e1zej\u00ed do p\u0159echodn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu EOC, zat\u00edm bez individu\u00e1ln\u00edho rozd\u011blen\u00ed.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spole\u010dnost pak vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 pravideln\u00e9 hotovostn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do fondu EOC. Poch\u00e1zej\u00ed ze zdan\u011bn\u00e9ho zisku a jsou do EOC p\u0159evedeny jako dividendy. EOC z\u00a0nich spl\u00e1c\u00ed sm\u011bnku. Splacen\u00e9 akcie jsou vy\u0148aty z\u00a0p\u0159echodn\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu a rozd\u011blen\u00e9 na individu\u00e1ln\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty, kde se zaznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 kolik a kdy bylo p\u0159ips\u00e1no. P\u0159i odkupu akci\u00ed od zam\u011bstnanc\u016f se postupuje metodou \u201eprvn\u00ed dovnit\u0159, prvn\u00ed ven\u201c \u2013 z\u00a0toho, co m\u00e1me, zaplat\u00edme ty nejstar\u0161\u00ed. Zam\u011bstnanci, kte\u0159\u00ed ode\u0161li, jsou tak vypl\u00e1ceni postupn\u011b.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vykoupen\u00e9 akcie jsou p\u0159erozd\u011bleny na aktivn\u00ed kapit\u00e1lov\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dty, t\u011bm, kdo ve spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le pracuj\u00ed. P\u0159erozd\u011blen\u00e9 akcie jdou i nov\u00fdm \u010dlen\u016fm.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/vasevec.info\/komentare\/usporu-vyresi-krize\">Zbyn\u011bk Fiala<\/a><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-18520\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/zbynek-fiala-300x208.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"208\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/zbynek-fiala-300x208.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/zbynek-fiala.jpg 318w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ropu, kter\u00e1 neprote\u010de Horm\u00fazem, zat\u00edm \u010derp\u00e1me ze z\u00e1sob. Ale ty dojdou, a pak p\u0159ijde propad,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":104935,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,59,6382,371,310],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106285"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=106285"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/106285\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=106285"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=106285"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=106285"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}