{"id":10528,"date":"2022-05-12T01:15:05","date_gmt":"2022-05-11T23:15:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=10528"},"modified":"2022-05-11T18:00:43","modified_gmt":"2022-05-11T16:00:43","slug":"usa-jejichz-menova-politika-udelala-ostry-obrat-prenesly-krizi-do-sveta","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2022\/05\/12\/usa-jejichz-menova-politika-udelala-ostry-obrat-prenesly-krizi-do-sveta\/","title":{"rendered":"USA, jejich\u017e m\u011bnov\u00e1 politika ud\u011blala \u201eostr\u00fd obrat\u201c, p\u0159enesly krizi do sv\u011bta"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<p>\u201ePodnikatel\u00e9 a\u017e na Sr\u00ed Lance, farm\u00e1\u0159i v Mosambiku a rodiny v chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b mohou poc\u00edtit dopad (zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sazeb Fedu).\u201c Ned\u00e1vno to v \u010dl\u00e1nku napsal report\u00e9r Associated Press Paul Wiseman. Minul\u00fd t\u00fdden Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m (Fed) ozn\u00e1mil zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sazeb o 50 bazick\u00fdch bod\u016f a v \u010dervnu za\u010dne sni\u017eovat svou rozvahu v r\u00e1mci agresivn\u00edho zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00e9 politiky v boji proti nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed inflaci za uplynul\u00fdch 40 let. To vyvolalo v mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edm spole\u010denstv\u00ed v\u0161eobecn\u00e9 obavy, \u017ee sv\u011btov\u00e1 ekonomika a finan\u010dn\u00ed trhy budou v d\u016fsledku toho \u010delit dal\u0161\u00edmu \u0161oku.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0165 u\u017e to byly prudce rostouc\u00ed ceny zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 p\u0159edchoz\u00edmi nulov\u00fdmi \u00farokov\u00fdmi sazbami a politikami kvantitativn\u00edho uvol\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, nebo nyn\u00ed tvrd\u00fd obrat m\u011bnov\u00e9 politiky, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na hegemonii dolaru, aby p\u0159enesly krizi na sv\u011bt. To m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd dopad na rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se ekonomiky, kter\u00e9 se v sou\u010dasnosti pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s probl\u00e9my o\u017eiven\u00ed po pandemii.<\/p>\n<p>Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb Fedu zv\u00fd\u0161ilo atraktivitu aktiv v americk\u00fdch dolarech, zhor\u0161ilo to rizika odlivu kapit\u00e1lu z rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se trh\u016f a znehodnocen\u00ed jejich m\u011bny a vede to k n\u00e1r\u016fstu dluhov\u00fdch rizik v mnoha zem\u00edch. Ji\u017e minul\u00fd m\u011bs\u00edc vydal Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bnov\u00fd fond (MMF) varov\u00e1n\u00ed, \u017ee \u201eminul\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee rychl\u00e9 zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb ve vysp\u011bl\u00fdch zem\u00edch stla\u010d\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho financov\u00e1n\u00ed rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se trh\u016f a rozvojov\u00fdch ekonomik.\u201c MMF pouk\u00e1zal na to, \u017ee 60 procent rozvojov\u00fdch zem\u00ed sv\u011bta s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edjmy bu\u010f ji\u017e poci\u0165uje tlak na spl\u00e1cen\u00ed dluh\u016f, nebo je vystaveno vysok\u00e9mu riziku, \u017ee bude \u010delit tlaku na spl\u00e1cen\u00ed dluh\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Na druhou stranu devalvace ostatn\u00edch m\u011bn zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 zhodnocov\u00e1n\u00edm americk\u00e9ho dolaru tak\u00e9 oslab\u00ed kupn\u00ed s\u00edlu obyvatel jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed a naru\u0161\u00ed ji\u017e tak obt\u00ed\u017en\u00fd proces ekonomick\u00e9 obnovy rozvojov\u00fdch ekonomik. Patricio Giusto, \u0159editel Argentinsko-\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9ho centra v Argentin\u011b, vyj\u00e1d\u0159il obavy z negativn\u00edch vedlej\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dink\u016f zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed sazeb Fedu, \u201ezvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b pokud to v rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se ekonomik\u00e1ch Latinsk\u00e9 Ameriky povede k pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00edmu r\u016fstu cen, r\u016fstu n\u00e1klad\u016f na p\u016fj\u010dky, pokra\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed devalvaci m\u011bny, r\u016fstu \u017eivotn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a r\u016fstu nezam\u011bstnanosti. To bude m\u00edt velmi v\u00e1\u017en\u00fd dopad na rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed se latinskoamerick\u00e9 ekonomiky.\u201c<\/p>\n<p>Podle Marcose Pirese, profesora mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed politick\u00e9 ekonomie na St\u00e1tn\u00ed univerzit\u011b v S\u00e3o Paulo v Braz\u00edlii, dr\u017e\u00ed USA americk\u00fd dolar, tuto glob\u00e1ln\u00ed m\u011bnu, a jak\u00e9koli zm\u011bny v americk\u00e9m dolaru budou m\u00edt dopad na m\u011bny jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed. Nav\u00edc, kdy\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sankce a dal\u0161\u00ed prost\u0159edky, mysl\u00ed jen na sebe a v\u016fbec neuva\u017euj\u00ed o jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, co\u017e odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed hegemonick\u00e9 zvyky americk\u00e9ho konsorcia.<\/p>\n<p>Ve skute\u010dnosti, po nastolen\u00ed dolarov\u00e9 hegemonie, Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty opakovaly tuto \u201estarou rutinu\u201c skl\u00edzen\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho bohatstv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnohokr\u00e1t.<\/p>\n<p>Nap\u0159\u00edklad v prosinci 2015 spustil Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed rezervn\u00ed syst\u00e9m cyklus zvy\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farokov\u00fdch sazeb a v roce 2018 zv\u00fd\u0161il \u00farokov\u00e9 sazby \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t. Toho roku argentinsk\u00e1 n\u00e1rodn\u00ed m\u011bna klesla o 50,56 procenta v\u016f\u010di americk\u00e9mu dolaru a m\u00edra inflace dos\u00e1hla a\u017e 47,6 procenta. Brazilsk\u00e1 m\u011bna, real, tak\u00e9 v roce 2018 nad\u00e1le oslabovala, a to o 20 procent.<\/p>\n<p>Po vypuknut\u00ed ukrajinsk\u00e9 krize nav\u00edc Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty pokra\u010dovaly v uvalov\u00e1n\u00ed sankc\u00ed na Rusko, co\u017e m\u011blo dopad na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed energetick\u00e9, potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 a pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 \u0159et\u011bzce, a zes\u00edlilo to infla\u010dn\u00ed tlaky v zemi. Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 americk\u00e1 administrativa p\u0159itom dlouhodob\u011b pokra\u010duje ve \u0161patn\u00e9 celn\u00ed politice sv\u00e9ho p\u0159edch\u016fdce v\u016f\u010di \u010c\u00edn\u011b, co\u017e tak\u00e9 hodn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eilo \u00fa\u010dty Ameri\u010dan\u016f.<\/p>\n<p>Americk\u00e1 m\u011bnov\u00e1 politika dnes dos\u00e1hla velk\u00e9ho obratu, ale n\u00e1lada na trhu je st\u00e1le pesimistick\u00e1. Peter Boockvar, investi\u010dn\u00ed \u0159editel Blakely Advisory Group, v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee Fed nebude schopen \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b omezit prudce rostouc\u00ed inflaci. Nov\u00e1 p\u0159edpov\u011b\u010f CNN uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u0161ance na recesi v USA v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch 12 m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch vzroste na 33 procent. Jakmile se americk\u00e1 ekonomika jako nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed sv\u011btov\u00e1 ekonomika propadne do recese, nevyhnuteln\u011b to p\u0159inese obrovsk\u00e9 p\u0159el\u00e9v\u00e1n\u00ed. Toto je riziko, p\u0159ed kter\u00fdm se sv\u011bt mus\u00ed neust\u00e1le chr\u00e1nit.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1185\" src=\"http:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/kuryr-podpis.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"84\" height=\"24\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201ePodnikatel\u00e9 a\u017e na Sr\u00ed Lance, farm\u00e1\u0159i v Mosambiku a rodiny v chud\u00fdch zem\u00edch po cel\u00e9m&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6977,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[59,426,683,276,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10528"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10528"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10528\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10528"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10528"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10528"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}