{"id":105213,"date":"2026-04-23T00:27:36","date_gmt":"2026-04-22T22:27:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=105213"},"modified":"2026-04-22T18:07:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-22T16:07:23","slug":"velka-severni-amerika-od-gronska-po-panamu-usa-prekresluji-svou-polokouli-proti-globalnimu-jihu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/23\/velka-severni-amerika-od-gronska-po-panamu-usa-prekresluji-svou-polokouli-proti-globalnimu-jihu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u201eVelk\u00e1 Severn\u00ed Amerika\u201c: od Gr\u00f3nska po Panamu, USA p\u0159ekresluj\u00ed svou polokouli proti \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edmu Jihu\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Vize Trumpovy administrativy s n\u00e1zvem \u201eV\u011bt\u0161\u00ed Severn\u00ed Amerika\u201c signalizuje odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed neomonroeismu. Od Gr\u00f3nska po Panamsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav je tato polokoule nov\u011b ch\u00e1p\u00e1na jako jeden strategick\u00fd prostor, \u010d\u00edm\u017e se \u201eru\u0161\u00ed\u201c \u010d\u00e1st glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu. Region\u00e1ln\u00ed negativn\u00ed reakce a glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee rizika mohou p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017eit nad zisky, a to i z pohledu Washingtonu.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pojem \u201eVelk\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Ameriky\u201c je nyn\u00ed v USA ofici\u00e1ln\u00ed doktr\u00ednou: za\u010d\u00e1tkem b\u0159ezna v projevech, o kter\u00fdch se dosud nemluv\u00ed, americk\u00fd ministr v\u00e1lky Pete Hegseth nast\u00ednil to, co by se mohlo st\u00e1t ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm geopolitick\u00fdm r\u00e1mcem druh\u00e9 administrativy Donalda Trumpa. Hegseth na konferenci o boji proti kartel\u016fm v Americe\u00a0<\/span>prohl\u00e1sil<\/span><\/a>\u00a0bez obalu: Washington nyn\u00ed vn\u00edm\u00e1 z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli jako jeden strategick\u00fd prostor, t\u00e1hnouc\u00ed se \u201eod Gr\u00f3nska p\u0159es Americk\u00fd z\u00e1liv a\u017e k Panamsk\u00e9mu pr\u016fplavu\u201c. Pozd\u011bji dodal: \u201eTuto strategickou mapu naz\u00fdv\u00e1me Velkou Severn\u00ed Amerikou.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u016fsledky jsou obrovsk\u00e9: v prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b jsou zem\u011b tradi\u010dn\u011b seskupen\u00e9 pod ozna\u010den\u00edm \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih\u201c v tomto r\u00e1mci p\u0159eklasifikov\u00e1ny na sou\u010d\u00e1sti americk\u00e9ho \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho perimetru\u201c. Hegseth tento term\u00edn dokonce zcela\u00a0<\/span>odm\u00edtl<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, \u010d\u00edm\u017e signalizoval koncep\u010dn\u00ed posun, kter\u00fd je stejn\u011b ideologick\u00fd jako strategick\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Monroeova doktr\u00edna, vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00e1 v roce 1823, byla p\u016fvodn\u011b koncipov\u00e1na jako obrann\u00fd postoj proti evropsk\u00e9mu vm\u011b\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed. To, \u010deho jsme nyn\u00ed sv\u011bdky, je neo-monroeismus v jeho nejrozs\u00e1hlej\u0161\u00ed podob\u011b: odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd n\u00e1rok na hemisf\u00e9rick\u00fd prim\u00e1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je ale pravda, \u017ee za Bidena ji\u017e existovala d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze t\u00e9\u017ee expanzivn\u00ed logiky (kter\u00e1 je nyn\u00ed systematizov\u00e1na za Trumpa), jak jsem\u00a0<\/span>psal<\/span><\/a>\u00a0v roce 2024: lze si vzpomenout na tehdej\u0161\u00ed\u00a0<\/span>krok<\/span><\/a>\u00a0ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed,\u00a0<\/span>kter\u00e9 si n\u00e1rokovalo<\/span><\/a>\u00a0obrovsk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti oce\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho dna, od Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu (nyn\u00ed \u201eAmerick\u00fd z\u00e1liv\u201c) a\u017e po Arktidu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u011bt k \u201eVelk\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Americe\u201c nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee reakce v cel\u00e9m regionu byly negativn\u00ed: zem\u011b jako\u00a0<\/span>Kolumbie<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/span>Kostarika<\/span><\/a>\u00a0maj\u00ed pocit, \u017ee byly ti\u0161e za\u010dlen\u011bny do tohoto roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9ho \u201ebezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho perimetru\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o dopady takov\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstupu, analytici varuj\u00ed, \u017ee jeho c\u00edlem je efektivn\u011b\u00a0<\/span>omezit<\/span><\/a>\u00a0n\u00e1rodn\u00ed autonomii v ot\u00e1zk\u00e1ch obrany a zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky. To je znepokojiv\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na pro men\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1ty s omezen\u00fdm vlivem.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed kritici \u0161li je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1l a poukazovali na paralely s jin\u00fdmi expanzivn\u00edmi doktr\u00ednami. Jin\u00ed dokonce\u00a0<\/span>p\u0159irovnali<\/span><\/a>\u00a0\u201eVelkou Severn\u00ed Ameriku\u201c k form\u011b geopolitick\u00e9 konsolidace p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed \u201eVelk\u00fd Izrael\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 je to jakkoli, strategick\u00e1 logika, kter\u00e1 stoj\u00ed za touto doktr\u00ednou, nen\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 rozeznat. Washington \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00edm glob\u00e1ln\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, od euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace a\u017e po p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed nestabilitu na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b. Upev\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm kontroly nad sv\u00fdm bezprost\u0159edn\u00edm sousedstv\u00edm se USA sna\u017e\u00ed tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc zajistit si z\u00e1zem\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 projektovat svou moc do zahrani\u010d\u00ed. Tato polokoule se tak v jist\u00e9m smyslu st\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1razn\u00edkovou z\u00f3nou i z\u00e1kladnou zdroj\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

V j\u00e1dru t\u00e9to strategie je v\u0161ak rozpor, a to skute\u010dnost, \u017ee USA jsou ji\u017e tak p\u0159et\u00ed\u017een\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span>Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed zapleten\u00ed v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zejm\u00e9na ve vztahu k \u00cdr\u00e1nu, nad\u00e1le od\u010derp\u00e1v\u00e1 vojensk\u00fd a politick\u00fd kapit\u00e1l. Schopnost bojovat a vyhr\u00e1t\u00a0<\/span>dva sou\u010dasn\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0velk\u00e9 region\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikty (\u201edv\u011b divadla\u201c) je ve skute\u010dnosti ji\u017e dlouho z\u00e1kladn\u00edm pl\u00e1novac\u00edm p\u0159edpokladem americk\u00e9 obrann\u00e9 politiky. Nyn\u00ed, i kdy\u017e Washington udr\u017euje jedno takov\u00e9 divadlo (v \u00cdr\u00e1nu), hroz\u00ed mu, \u017ee\u00a0<\/span>mu dojdou rakety<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, zat\u00edmco \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u00fadery\u00a0<\/span>zni\u010dily nebo po\u0161kodily v\u011bt\u0161inu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0americk\u00fdch z\u00e1kladen na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b \u2013 vojensk\u00fd person\u00e1l je dokonce nucen\u00a0<\/span>pracovat na d\u00e1lku<\/span><\/a>\u00a0, z hotel\u016f. Zat\u00edm tedy existuje jen m\u00e1lo d\u016fkaz\u016f o tom, \u017ee by Washington mohl udr\u017eiteln\u011b zvl\u00e1dat v\u00edce divadel nap\u011bt\u00ed, m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 dozvuky t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky\u00a0<\/span>jsou nav\u00edc citeln\u00e9<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a\u017e v Latinsk\u00e9 Americe, kde nar\u016fstaj\u00ed obchodn\u00ed naru\u0161en\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed volatilita. Pr\u00e1v\u011b zde se projevuj\u00ed rizika neomonroismu. Ned\u00e1vno jsem tvrdil, \u017ee Trump\u016fv postoj k\u00a0<\/span>Panam\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i\u00a0<\/span>ke Kub\u011b<\/span><\/a>\u00a0(mimo jin\u00e9) odr\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed vzorec snahy o donucovac\u00ed kontrolu na jedn\u00e9 polokouli. Logika je pom\u011brn\u011b jednoduch\u00e1: zp\u0159\u00edsnit kontrolu nad sousedn\u00edmi st\u00e1ty, a t\u00edm kompenzovat zranitelnosti jinde. Tento p\u0159\u00edstup se v\u0161ak m\u016f\u017ee obr\u00e1tit proti nim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jako p\u0159\u00edklad si m\u016f\u017eeme vz\u00edt Kubu: v politick\u00fdch kruz\u00edch se objevuje my\u0161lenka hlub\u0161\u00edho zapojen\u00ed USA, potenci\u00e1ln\u011b i vojensk\u00e9ho. Takov\u00fd krok by v\u0161ak pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b otev\u0159el dal\u0161\u00ed frontu a je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce by vy\u010derpal zdroje. M\u016f\u017eeme si vzpomenout na ponau\u010den\u00ed z minul\u00fdch intervenc\u00ed: bl\u00edzkost nezaru\u010duje jednoduchost. Naopak \u010dasto zv\u011bt\u0161uje slo\u017eitost. Jak jsem ned\u00e1vno argumentoval, kub\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ba\u017einy by jen zv\u00fd\u0161ily\u00a0<\/span>z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e Washingtonu<\/span><\/a>\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zp\u011bt k Hegsethov\u00fdm pozn\u00e1mk\u00e1m \u2013 je pravda, \u017ee se nelze zbavit pojmu \u201eglob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu\u201c v Americe jen t\u00edm, \u017ee se odm\u00edtneme ho tak naz\u00fdvat. Lze nam\u00edtnout, \u017ee latinskoamerick\u00e9 zem\u011b nemaj\u00ed dostate\u010dn\u00fd vliv: v\u011bt\u0161ina z nich nevlastn\u00ed jadern\u00e9 zbran\u011b; pouze Braz\u00edlie, Mexiko a Argentina maj\u00ed (civiln\u00ed) jadern\u00e9 programy. Na druhou stranu je moc v 21. stolet\u00ed st\u00e1le mnohostrann\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. Ekonomick\u00e1 partnerstv\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na v r\u00e1mci rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se skupin, jako je BRICS, poskytuj\u00ed alternativn\u00ed cesty vlivu. Nav\u00edc v kontextu nov\u00e9\u00a0<\/span>studen\u00e9 v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/a>\u00a0je nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by otev\u0159en\u00e9 p\u0159edefinov\u00e1n\u00ed suver\u00e9nn\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f jako sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho perimetru z\u016fstalo donekone\u010dna nesporn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je tu tak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zka vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed: t\u00edm, \u017ee Washington definuje tuto polokouli jako roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed strategick\u00e9ho prostoru USA, riskuje pos\u00edlen\u00ed narativ\u016f o dominanci, kter\u00e9 dlouhodob\u011b p\u0159i\u017eivuj\u00ed protiamerick\u00e9 n\u00e1lady. M\u016f\u017ee to m\u00edt hmatateln\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro spolupr\u00e1ci, legitimitu a stabilitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Koncept \u201eVelk\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Ameriky\u201c se tak m\u016f\u017ee uk\u00e1zat jako docela dvouse\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148: je omezen struktur\u00e1ln\u00edmi realitami, kter\u00fdch se nelze zbavit.<\/span><\/p>\n

I kdy\u017e neomonroismus evidentn\u011b postupuje, ot\u00e1zkou je, zda m\u016f\u017ee usp\u011bt, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee Washington je ji\u017e zapleten do zahrani\u010d\u00ed a \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00edmu odporu doma i na americk\u00e9 polokouli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uriel Araujo, PhD.<\/a> v oboru antropologie, je soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bdec specializuj\u00edc\u00ed se na etnick\u00e9 a n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 konflikty s rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm v\u00fdzkumem geopolitick\u00e9 dynamiky a kulturn\u00edch interakc\u00ed<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vize Trumpovy administrativy s n\u00e1zvem \u201eV\u011bt\u0161\u00ed Severn\u00ed Amerika\u201c signalizuje odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 o\u017eiven\u00ed neomonroeismu. Od Gr\u00f3nska po…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":105214,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,248,10866,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105213"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105213"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105213\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105213"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105213"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105213"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}