{"id":105143,"date":"2026-04-22T00:30:24","date_gmt":"2026-04-21T22:30:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=105143"},"modified":"2026-04-21T16:41:35","modified_gmt":"2026-04-21T14:41:35","slug":"pepe-escobar-valka-proti-iranu-meni-valku-o-dopravni-koridory","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/22\/pepe-escobar-valka-proti-iranu-meni-valku-o-dopravni-koridory\/","title":{"rendered":"Pepe Escobar: V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu m\u011bn\u00ed \u201ev\u00e1lku o dopravn\u00ed koridory\u201c"},"content":{"rendered":"
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V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu naru\u0161uje obchodn\u00ed, dopravn\u00ed a energetick\u00e9 koridory, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu veden\u00e1 USA nejen\u017ee redefinuje geopolitiku, ale tak\u00e9 zasahuje do toho, co\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/em>\u00a0v \u010dervnu 2022 popsal jako\u00a0<\/span>V\u00e1lku o koridory ekonomick\u00e9 propojen\u00ed<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, destabilizuje a m\u011bn\u00ed jeho orientaci; to je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed geoekonomick\u00e9 paradigma euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace v 21. stolet\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Od v\u00fdchodu na z\u00e1pad a od severu na jih tyto koridory spojuj\u00ed prakticky v\u0161echny d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 akt\u00e9ry nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Eurasi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Poj\u010fme se bl\u00ed\u017ee pod\u00edvat na \u010dty\u0159i nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed osy: v\u00fdchodoz\u00e1padn\u00ed koridor iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI), v jej\u00edm\u017e \u010dele stoj\u00ed \u010c\u00edna; mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed severoji\u017en\u00ed dopravn\u00ed koridor (INSTC) mezi Ruskem, \u00cdr\u00e1nem a Indi\u00ed; IMEC (indicko-st\u0159edov\u00fdchodn\u00ed koridor); a pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 koridory spojuj\u00edc\u00ed Turecko s Katarem, S\u00fdri\u00ed a Ir\u00e1kem.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00e1 iniciativa P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI) se rozprost\u00edr\u00e1 p\u0159es \u0159adu koridor\u016f od Sin-\u0165iangu po z\u00e1padn\u00ed Eurasii, v\u010detn\u011b Severn\u00edho koridoru (p\u0159es Transsibi\u0159skou magistr\u00e1lu v Rusku) a Centr\u00e1ln\u00edho koridoru (p\u0159es Kazachst\u00e1n a p\u0159es Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e na Kavkaz a do Turecka).<\/span><\/p>\n

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Mapa mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho severoji\u017en\u00edho dopravn\u00edho koridoru (INSTC)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
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Mapa indicko-bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodn\u00edho koridoru (IMEC)<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Je to v\u0161ak pr\u00e1v\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u011b strategick\u00e1 geografick\u00e1 poloha \u00cdr\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 ho od dob starov\u011bk\u00e9 Hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky stav\u00ed do role kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9ho uzlu mezi V\u00fdchodem a Z\u00e1padem \u2013 tuto roli o\u017eivila iniciativa P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI), kterou v roce 2013 zah\u00e1jil prezident Si \u0164in-pching.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch vektor\u016f, zahrnut\u00fdch v 25let\u00e9 dohod\u011b podepsan\u00e9 mezi \u010c\u00ednou a \u00cdr\u00e1nem v roce 2021 v hodnot\u011b 400 miliard dolar\u016f, je pozemn\u00ed koridor mezi \u010c\u00ednou a \u00cdr\u00e1nem integrovan\u00fd do iniciativy P\u00e1s a stezka (BRI). Je nezbytn\u00fd pro obejit\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dominance USA, desetilet\u00ed sankc\u00ed proti Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 republice a citliv\u00fdch \u00fazk\u00fdch m\u00edst, jako je Malack\u00fd pr\u016fliv, Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv a Suezsk\u00fd pr\u016fplav.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vlak ze Si-anu, b\u00fdval\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho c\u00edsa\u0159stv\u00ed, dorazil do such\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edstavu Aprin v \u00cdr\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd se nach\u00e1z\u00ed 20 km od Teher\u00e1nu a byl slavnostn\u011b otev\u0159en p\u0159ed pouh\u00fdmi t\u0159emi lety v kv\u011btnu. T\u00edm byl ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zah\u00e1jen provoz tohoto koridoru, kter\u00fd zkracuje dobu p\u0159epravy z a\u017e 40 dn\u016f po mo\u0159i na maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 15 dn\u016f po sou\u0161i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Aprin je such\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav: intermod\u00e1ln\u00ed vnitrozemsk\u00fd termin\u00e1l p\u0159\u00edmo propojen\u00fd silnic\u00ed a \u017eeleznic\u00ed s n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edstavy na Kaspick\u00e9m mo\u0159i nebo v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee obrovsk\u00e9 objemy \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy se mohou rychle dostat na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159epravn\u00ed trasy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trasa mezi \u010c\u00ednou a \u00cdr\u00e1nem zapad\u00e1 do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho koridoru V\u00fdchod-Z\u00e1pad, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem bylo p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou propojit Sin-\u0165iang p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii (Kazachst\u00e1n, Uzbekist\u00e1n, Turkmenist\u00e1n) s \u00cdr\u00e1nem, Tureckem a d\u00e1le do Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, Afriky a dokonce i Evropy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna by samoz\u0159ejm\u011b mohla tak\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eit z \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edho koridoru k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 ropy, m\u00edsto aby se spol\u00e9hala na \u00edr\u00e1nskou flotilu duch\u016f, a\u010dkoli logistick\u00e9 probl\u00e9my z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a \u00cdr\u00e1nem ji\u017e m\u011bn\u00ed v\u00fdznam \u010c\u00ednsko-p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho ekonomick\u00e9ho koridoru (CPEC), vlajkov\u00e9ho projektu iniciativy \u201eP\u00e1s a stezka\u201c, kter\u00fd spojuje Sin-\u0165iang se severn\u00edm P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem p\u0159es Kar\u00e1k\u00f3ramsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv a pot\u00e9 vede p\u0159es Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1n do p\u0159\u00edstavu Gv\u00e1dar u Arabsk\u00e9ho mo\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e do v\u00e1lky, kterou si s\u00e1m vyvolal americk\u00fd prezident Donald Trump, m\u011bl Peking vzhledem k nestabiln\u00ed politick\u00e9 situaci v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu tendenci v\u011bnovat v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9mu koridoru.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u0165 se stane cokoli d\u00e1l, \u00cdr\u00e1n se bude muset i nad\u00e1le opatrn\u011b orientovat v z\u00e1vratn\u011b slo\u017eit\u00e9 interakci mezi \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed. Koneckonc\u016f, oba \u010dlenov\u00e9 BRICS maj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd strategick\u00fd z\u00e1jem o \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstavy, kter\u00e9 jsou pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 br\u00e1ny do St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstav \u010cabah\u00e1r v Sist\u00e1nu a Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd by alespo\u0148 p\u0159ed v\u00e1lkou mohl b\u00fdt pova\u017eov\u00e1n za sou\u010d\u00e1st Indick\u00e9 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e9 stezky, je nav\u00edc v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 konkurenci s p\u00e1kist\u00e1nsk\u00fdm\/BRI p\u0159\u00edstavem Gv\u00e1dar na Arabsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i, kter\u00fd je vzd\u00e1len\u00fd jen asi 80 kilometr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

To n\u00e1s op\u011bt p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed k bezkonkuren\u010dn\u00ed roli \u00cdr\u00e1nu v euroasijsk\u00e9 propojenosti. \u00cdr\u00e1n le\u017e\u00ed na privilegovan\u00e9 k\u0159i\u017eovatce dvou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch dopravn\u00edch koridor\u016f: v\u00fdchodoz\u00e1padn\u00edho koridoru, \u0159\u00edzen\u00e9ho \u010c\u00ednou, a INSTC, kter\u00fd spojuje t\u0159i \u010dleny BRICS \u2013 Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n a Indii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teher\u00e1n a\u017e do v\u00e1lky dovedn\u011b sla\u010foval svou multivektorovou politiku s ob\u011bma mocnostmi, \u010c\u00ednou a Indi\u00ed, a tak\u00e9 s ob\u011bma koridory. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee se Indie bezprost\u0159edn\u011b p\u0159ed ni\u010div\u00fdm \u00fatokem na \u00cdr\u00e1n 28. \u00fanora sbl\u00ed\u017eila s Izraelem, by se v\u011bci v budoucnu mohly radik\u00e1ln\u011b zm\u011bnit.<\/span><\/p>\n

INSTC se setk\u00e1v\u00e1 s IMEC<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

INSTC lze stru\u010dn\u011b a v\u00fdsti\u017en\u011b popsat jako severoji\u017en\u00ed osu euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace, kter\u00e1 spojuje Rusko, \u00cdr\u00e1n a Indii a prot\u00edn\u00e1 \u010d\u00ednskou Novou hedv\u00e1bnou stezku, je\u017e vede z v\u00fdchodu na z\u00e1pad p\u0159es St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii.<\/span><\/p>\n

V kv\u011btnu lo\u0148sk\u00e9ho roku jsem s p\u011bti\u010dlenn\u00fdm profesion\u00e1ln\u00edm t\u00fdmem nato\u010dil film\u00a0<\/span>Zlat\u00e1 chodba<\/span><\/em>\u00a0: prvn\u00ed anglicky mluven\u00fd dokument na sv\u011bt\u011b o rozvoji INSTC v \u00cdr\u00e1nu od Kaspick\u00e9ho mo\u0159e po Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv a Arabsk\u00e9 mo\u0159e, se zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na \u010cabah\u00e1r.<\/span><\/p>\n

A\u017e do vypuknut\u00ed v\u00e1lky m\u011bla Indie extr\u00e9mn\u00ed obavy z potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch investic v \u010cabah\u00e1ru \u2013 co\u017e potvrdily i p\u0159\u00edstavn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady b\u011bhem m\u00e9 n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvy. \u010cabah\u00e1r je, nebo alespo\u0148 byl, indi\u010dt\u00ed strat\u00e9gov\u00e9 vn\u00edmali jako sv\u016fj klenot v \u00cdr\u00e1nu: prakticky jedinou sch\u016fdnou cestu pro Indii do Eurasie, kter\u00e1 vede na st\u0159edoasijsk\u00e9, rusk\u00e9 a nakonec i evropsk\u00e9 trhy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed divu, \u017ee se Indov\u00e9 ob\u00e1vali mo\u017enosti, \u017ee by si \u010c\u00edna mohla zajistit n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost v z\u00e1padn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Indick\u00e9ho oce\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve\u0161ker\u00e9 indick\u00e9 investice v \u010cabah\u00e1ru jsou nyn\u00ed pozastaveny. Ji\u017e d\u0159\u00edve se zastavily kv\u016fli tlaku ze strany USA. \u010c\u00edna v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ne\u00fastupn\u00e1. Peking ji\u017e p\u0159edstavil investi\u010dn\u00ed pl\u00e1n pro pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Makran v Sist\u00e1nu a Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1nu, kter\u00fd p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 masivn\u00ed nasazen\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed k propojen\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f s iniciativou P\u00e1s a stezka.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n se rozhodne pro strategick\u00fd pragmatismus, zejm\u00e9na pot\u00e9, co se Indie fakticky vzdala sv\u00e9 neanga\u017eovanosti a autonomie v\u016f\u010di USA: to v\u0161e kv\u016fli povrchn\u00edm a kr\u00e1tkozrak\u00fdm kalkulac\u00edm vl\u00e1dy Narendry Modiho. Indie proto \u010dek\u00e1 t\u011b\u017ek\u00fd boj, pokud nechce ztratit sv\u016fj persk\u00fd \u201eklenot\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

To op\u011bt ukazuje \u00fazkou propojenost nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch transeurasijsk\u00fdch koridor\u016f. \u017delezni\u010dn\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi \u010c\u00ednou a \u00cdr\u00e1nem, kter\u00e9 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed koridoru \u010c\u00edna-St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie-Turecko-Evropa, navazuje v \u00cdr\u00e1nu na INSTC, kter\u00fd je z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti podporov\u00e1n Ruskem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Z\u00e1rove\u0148 oba stoj\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edkr\u00e9m kontrastu s IMEC, chybn\u011b pojmenovan\u00fdm koridorem Indie-Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod-Evropa, kter\u00fd je ve skute\u010dnosti koridorem Izrael-Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod-Indie-Evropa. Hlavn\u00edm c\u00edlem IMEC, odno\u017ee Trumpovy iniciativy 2.0 v r\u00e1mci Abrahamov\u00fdch dohod, je u\u010dinit z Izraele strategick\u00e9 centrum pro obchod a energetick\u00e9 toky v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jak poprv\u00e9 podrobn\u011b popsal\u00a0<\/span>The Cradle<\/span><\/em>\u00a0, IMEC byl dosud jen rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm PR trikem, kter\u00fd byl zah\u00e1jen na summitu G20 v Nov\u00e9m Dill\u00ed. M\u011bl b\u00fdt interpretov\u00e1n jako opo\u017ed\u011bn\u00e1 reakce kolektivn\u00edho Z\u00e1padu na BRI: dal\u0161\u00ed americk\u00fd projekt na \u201eomezen\u00ed\u201c \u010c\u00edny a v posledn\u00ed dob\u011b i \u00cdr\u00e1nu jako \u010dlena INSTC.<\/span><\/p>\n

IMEC je p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm dopravn\u00ed koridor, jeho\u017e c\u00edlem je obej\u00edt t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010de skute\u010dn\u00e9 euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace: \u010dleny BRICS, \u010c\u00ednu, Rusko a \u00cdr\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu v\u0161ak nut\u00ed IMEC podstoupit v\u00e1\u017enou revizi reality. P\u0159\u00edstav Haifa byl \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi raketami v\u00e1\u017en\u011b po\u0161kozen. Rij\u00e1d a Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed jsou v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m konfliktu ohledn\u011b toho, jak se p\u0159ipravit na postamerick\u00fd Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, v n\u011bm\u017e bude \u00cdr\u00e1n dominantn\u00ed mocnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b se zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa\u00fadskoarabsk\u00fd korunn\u00ed princ Muhammad bin Salm\u00e1n (MbS) se navzdory neust\u00e1l\u00fdm pokus\u016fm o sebeochranu p\u0159ikl\u00e1n\u00ed k dosa\u017een\u00ed dohody. Prezident Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1t\u016f Muhammad bin Z\u00e1j\u00edd (MbZ) je naopak s Teher\u00e1nem prakticky ve v\u00e1lce.<\/span><\/p>\n

Evropa aktivn\u011b p\u00e1ch\u00e1 politickou a ekonomickou sebevra\u017edu. A Indie \u010del\u00ed nemo\u017en\u00e9mu \u00fakolu zorganizovat letos d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00fd summit BRICS a z\u00e1rove\u0148 koordinovat sv\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed s USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

V praxi se IMEC nyn\u00ed nach\u00e1z\u00ed v hlubok\u00e9m k\u00f3matu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pod\u00edvejme se na n\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 v\u00fdsledky v\u00e1lky. Na \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati z Fud\u017eajry ve Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech do Haify \u201echyb\u00ed\u201c t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 1100 km trat\u00ed; z D\u017eabel Ali v Dubaji do Haify \u201echyb\u00ed\u201c 745 km; a na \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed trati z Ab\u00fa Zab\u00ed do Haify \u201echyb\u00ed\u201c 630 km.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00edky tomu se IMEC po v\u00e1lce jev\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b k\u0159eh\u010d\u00ed. N\u011bkolik potenci\u00e1ln\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch bod\u016f v koridoru a okoln\u00ed infrastruktura byly tak\u00e9 zasa\u017eeny \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi raketov\u00fdmi \u00fatoky. A to je\u0161t\u011b nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt konec.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tureck\u00e9 ambice ohledn\u011b Pipelinestanu<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Turecko si p\u0159irozen\u011b muselo vyvinout vlastn\u00ed p\u0159edstavy o euroasijsk\u00e9 integraci, zejm\u00e9na vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee neoosmanismus se sna\u017e\u00ed pozici Ankary prezentovat jako akt\u00e9ra schopn\u00e9ho soupe\u0159it s Ruskem a \u00cdr\u00e1nem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ankara v sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b s\u00e1z\u00ed na vytvo\u0159en\u00ed kompletn\u00edho Pipelineist\u00e1nu, jak jsem ho definoval p\u0159ed dv\u011bma desetilet\u00edmi: vysoce zpolitizovan\u00e9ho labyrintu euroasijsk\u00fdch energetick\u00fdch koridor\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pipelineistan zahrnuje v\u0161e od ropovodu Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC), jeho\u017e autorem byl zesnul\u00fd autor knihy \u201eVelk\u00e1 \u0161achovnice\u201c Zbigniew Brzezinski, a\u017e po rusk\u00e9 South Stream a Turk Stream, a tak\u00e9 nekone\u010dn\u00e9 telenovely o plynu, jako je Turkmenist\u00e1n-Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n-P\u00e1kist\u00e1n-Indie (TAPI) a \u00cdr\u00e1n-P\u00e1kist\u00e1n-Indie (IPI), kter\u00fd byl pozd\u011bji zredukov\u00e1n na IP.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jednou z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch posedlost\u00ed USA je ji\u017e dlouho zabr\u00e1nit v\u00fdstavb\u011b ropovodu mezi \u00cdr\u00e1nem a P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem: pupe\u010dn\u00ed \u0161\u0148\u016fry mezi dv\u011bma mocn\u00fdmi muslimsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody, kter\u00e1 by spojovala z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asii s ji\u017en\u00ed Asi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
Mapa nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch region\u00e1ln\u00edch tras ropovod\u016f a plynovod\u016f spojuj\u00edc\u00edch Turecko<\/span><\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Tureck\u00fd ministr energetiky Alparslan Bayraktar \u2013 ano, pamatujete si na \u201eDones\u201c? \u2013 je opravdu v pln\u00e9m proudu. Jeho obl\u00edben\u00fdm projektem je propojen\u00ed Basry \u2013 ropou bohat\u00e9ho hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta ji\u017en\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku \u2013 s ir\u00e1cko-tureck\u00fdm ropovodem, kter\u00fd spojuje Kirk\u00fak s Ceyh\u00e1nem na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed St\u0159edozemn\u00edho mo\u0159e (koncov\u00fd bod ropovodu BTC) a m\u00e1 kapacitu v\u00edce ne\u017e 1,5 milionu barel\u016f denn\u011b. Probl\u00e9m je v tom, \u017ee kv\u016fli nedostatku politick\u00e9ho konsensu v Ir\u00e1ku je to prozat\u00edm jen nesplniteln\u00fd sen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Turecko dokonce zva\u017euje propojen\u00ed syrsk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch pol\u00ed \u2013 jejich\u017e produkce s maximem 300 000 barel\u016f denn\u011b nen\u00ed nijak podstatn\u00e1 \u2013 s ropovodem mezi Ir\u00e1kem a Tureckem. Jedn\u00e1 se o citlivou oblast, vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee nikdo doopravdy nev\u00ed, kdo S\u00fdrii vl\u00e1dne.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ankara nicm\u00e9n\u011b z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ne\u00fastupn\u00e1. Svat\u00fdm gr\u00e1lem by byl plynovod z Kataru p\u0159es Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii, Jord\u00e1nsko a S\u00fdrii do Turecka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tohle je \u0161\u00edlen\u00e1 verze historie, kter\u00e1 se neust\u00e1le opakuje. Plynovod byl j\u00e1drem v\u00e1lky proti S\u00fdrii: P\u016fvodn\u011b m\u011bl propojit \u00cdr\u00e1n, Ir\u00e1k a S\u00fdrii, ne\u017e Katar v roce 2009 prosadil trasu ze Severn\u00edho pole p\u0159es Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii a Jord\u00e1nsko do S\u00fdrie \u2013 projekt, kter\u00fd Dama\u0161ek vetoval.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu op\u011bt v\u0161echno obr\u00e1tila vzh\u016fru nohama pot\u00e9, co spole\u010dnost QatarEnergy vyhl\u00e1sila vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed moc pro zna\u010dnou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9ho exportu LNG, co\u017e postihlo jak Evropu, tak Asii.<\/span><\/p>\n

Katar st\u00e1le preferuje LNG p\u0159ed plynovody. Nyn\u00ed v\u0161ak na sc\u00e9nu vstoupilo Turecko s konceptem plynovodu \u2013 kter\u00fd dosud nebyl postaven \u2013 z Kataru pro z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed Evropy, kter\u00fd Bayraktar propaguje jako \u201ealternativn\u00ed exportn\u00ed trasu\u201c. To by st\u00e1lo nejm\u00e9n\u011b ohromuj\u00edc\u00edch 15 miliard dolar\u016f: 1 500 km dlouh\u00fd plynovod by p\u0159ekra\u010doval a\u017e p\u011bt hranic. Zaru\u010den\u00e1 a n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 bolest hlavy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, alespo\u0148 teoreticky, je Transkaspick\u00fd plynovod, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 propojit Turkmenist\u00e1n s \u00c1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nem a Gruzi\u00ed p\u0159es Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e a s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed v\u00e9st soub\u011b\u017en\u011b s plynovodem BTC a d\u00e1le do Evropy.<\/span><\/p>\n

I tento je st\u00e1le t\u0159eba postavit. St\u00e1lo by to nejm\u00e9n\u011b 2 miliardy dolar\u016f: podvodn\u00ed potrub\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 p\u0159es 300 km p\u0159es Kaspick\u00e9 mo\u0159e z Turkmenba\u0161i do Baku. To je dlouh\u00e1 vzd\u00e1lenost \u2013 tuto cestu jsem podnikl v roce 2000 na \u00e1zerb\u00e1jd\u017e\u00e1nsk\u00e9 n\u00e1kladn\u00ed lodi a cesta trvala nejm\u00e9n\u011b 8 hodin. Pot\u00e9 by se dosud neexistuj\u00edc\u00ed potrub\u00ed napojilo na dal\u0161\u00ed dva, Jihokavkazsk\u00fd plynovod a Transanatolsk\u00fd plynovod.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dodate\u010dn\u00e9 n\u00e1klady by byly nevyhnuteln\u00e9: na rozvoj lo\u017eisek, kompresn\u00ed kapacitu a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed infrastruktury pro t\u011b\u017ebu plynu.<\/span><\/p>\n

A i kdyby se cel\u00e1 v\u011bc uskute\u010dnila, Turkmenist\u00e1n nem\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1dnou volnou kapacitu: prakticky ve\u0161ker\u00e1 jeho produkce sm\u011b\u0159uje do \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho Sin-\u0165iangu prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm plynovodu postaven\u00e9ho a financovan\u00e9ho \u010c\u00ednou. Turecko v nejlep\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed mal\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed turkmensk\u00e9ho plynu p\u0159es \u00cdr\u00e1n na swapov\u00e9 b\u00e1zi; \u00cdr\u00e1n tento plyn tak\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vytvo\u0159te spojovac\u00ed koridory m\u00edsto v\u00e1lky<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee boj o spojovac\u00ed koridory z\u016fstane nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm geoekonomick\u00fdm faktorem od z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie po St\u0159edn\u00ed a ji\u017en\u00ed Asii \u2013 s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi cestami k integraci Eurasie.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu urychluje celou \u0159adu spojen\u00ed. Vezm\u011bte si nap\u0159\u00edklad N\u00e1rodn\u00ed logistickou korporaci (NLC) v P\u00e1kist\u00e1nu, kter\u00e1 posiluje obchod s \u00cdr\u00e1nem a zejm\u00e9na s Uzbekist\u00e1nem ve St\u0159edn\u00ed Asii prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm hrani\u010dn\u00edho termin\u00e1lu Gabd \u2013 konkr\u00e9tn\u011b prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. syst\u00e9mu TIR (International Road Transport), kter\u00fd obch\u00e1z\u00ed Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

NLC postupuje velmi strategicky: sou\u010dasn\u011b aktivuje n\u011bkolik obchodn\u00edch koridor\u016f do \u010c\u00edny, \u00cdr\u00e1nu a St\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, \u010d\u00edm\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k pos\u00edlen\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 obchodn\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00ed fronty, kter\u00e1 byla v\u00e1lkou oslabena.<\/span><\/p>\n

A to jsme se ani nezm\u00ednili o dal\u0161\u00edm d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9m spojovac\u00edm koridoru budoucnosti: Severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed cest\u011b pod\u00e9l rusk\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed v Arktid\u011b a\u017e k Barentsovu mo\u0159i, kterou \u010c\u00ed\u0148an\u00e9 poeticky naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u201earktick\u00e1 hedv\u00e1bn\u00e1 stezka\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna, Indie a Ji\u017en\u00ed Korea se velmi siln\u011b zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na Severov\u00fdchodn\u00ed pr\u016fchod, kter\u00fd je ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b podrobn\u011b diskutov\u00e1n na f\u00f3rech v Petrohradu a Vladivostoku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nen\u00ed n\u00e1hoda, \u017ee USA bombardovaly n\u011bkolik uzl\u016f INSTC: p\u0159\u00edstav Bandar Anzali v Isfah\u00e1nu, p\u0159\u00edstav Bandar Abb\u00e1s a p\u0159\u00edstav \u010cabah\u00e1r. Stejn\u011b tak i \u00fasek \u010d\u00ednsko-\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 \u017eeleznice, kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed iniciativy BRI a je financov\u00e1na \u010c\u00ednou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto je v\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu, proti \u010c\u00edn\u011b, proti BRICS, proti euroasijsk\u00e9 integraci. Ale euroasijsk\u00e1 integrace prost\u011b nem\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vykolejena.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte komunika\u010dn\u00ed koridory, ne v\u00e1lku.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu naru\u0161uje obchodn\u00ed, dopravn\u00ed a energetick\u00e9 koridory, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed j\u00e1dro euroasijsk\u00e9 integrace. V\u00e1lka…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":105144,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,38,310,276,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105143"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105143"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105143\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105144"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}