{"id":105032,"date":"2026-04-21T00:24:26","date_gmt":"2026-04-20T22:24:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=105032"},"modified":"2026-04-20T09:06:03","modified_gmt":"2026-04-20T07:06:03","slug":"jen-ve-francouzskem-zamku-fontainebleau-se-nachazi-vice-nez-1000-uloupenych-cinskych-umeleckych-predmetu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/21\/jen-ve-francouzskem-zamku-fontainebleau-se-nachazi-vice-nez-1000-uloupenych-cinskych-umeleckych-predmetu\/","title":{"rendered":"Jen ve francouzsk\u00e9m z\u00e1mku Fontainebleau se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 uloupen\u00fdch \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Francouzsk\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ijalo z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd zjednodu\u0161uje postup pro restituci um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl uloupen\u00fdch mezi lety 1815 a 1972. Tento z\u00e1kon p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd krok vp\u0159ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm hnut\u00ed za navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f do zem\u00ed jejich p\u016fvodu.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

V rozlehl\u00e9 tapis\u00e9rii d\u011bjin jsou kulturn\u00ed artefakty vl\u00e1kny, kter\u00e1 tk\u00e1vaj\u00ed identitu a d\u011bdictv\u00ed n\u00e1roda. Kdy\u017e jsou tato vl\u00e1kna p\u0159eru\u0161ena, kulturn\u00ed struktura se rozt\u0159ep\u00ed a ochud\u00ed. Schv\u00e1len\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1kona uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 mor\u00e1ln\u00ed imperativ, nezbytn\u00fd krok k n\u00e1prav\u011b historick\u00fdch nespravedlnost\u00ed a navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed jeho pr\u00e1voplatn\u00fdm majitel\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro \u010c\u00ednu je to dobr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va, proto\u017ee jen \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 muzeum nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed se uvnit\u0159 pal\u00e1ce Fontainebleau uchov\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00edce ne\u017e 1000 \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly uloupeny b\u011bhem plen\u011bn\u00ed letn\u00edho pal\u00e1ce (parku Yuanmingyuan) francouzsk\u00fdmi a britsk\u00fdmi voj\u00e1ky v Pekingu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Restituce uloupen\u00e9ho majetku je slo\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka, hluboce spjat\u00e1 s odkazem kolonialismu a omezen\u00edmi sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1vn\u00edho r\u00e1mce. \u00damluva UNESCO z roku 1970 a \u00damluva UNIDROIT z roku 1995 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hlavn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed z\u00e1klad pro restituci kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f. Tyto \u00famluvy se v\u0161ak vztahuj\u00ed pouze na majetek odcizen\u00fd nebo neleg\u00e1ln\u011b vyvezen\u00fd po jejich vstupu v platnost a jsou omezeny na signat\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou mezeru v restituci obrovsk\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f uloupen\u00fdch v d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00edch obdob\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na t\u011bch, kter\u00e9 byly z\u00edsk\u00e1ny v\u00e1lkou, drancov\u00e1n\u00edm nebo n\u00e1tlakem.<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto pr\u00e1vn\u00ed vakuum \u010dasto p\u0159ipravilo zem\u011b p\u016fvodu o dostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u016fvody k navr\u00e1cen\u00ed jejich kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed, tak\u017ee rozhodnut\u00ed o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f bylo do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry na uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edm\u011bty vlastnily. V posledn\u00edch letech se objevil rostouc\u00ed etick\u00fd konsenzus ve prosp\u011bch navracen\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f uloupen\u00fdch b\u011bhem v\u00e1lek nebo koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed nadvl\u00e1dy do zem\u00ed jejich p\u016fvodu. Tento posun v mor\u00e1ln\u00ed perspektiv\u011b je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho hnut\u00ed za n\u00e1pravu historick\u00fdch nespravedlnost\u00ed kolonizace, hnut\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159esahuje politickou a ekonomickou sf\u00e9ru a zahrnuje i kulturn\u00ed a muzejn\u00ed sektor. V t\u00e9to souvislosti se nov\u00fd francouzsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon jev\u00ed jako z\u00e1blesk nad\u011bje.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkolik zem\u00ed ji\u017e podniklo kroky t\u00edmto sm\u011brem. N\u011bmecko vr\u00e1tilo artefakty z koloni\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00e9ry Nig\u00e9rii a Tanzanii, zat\u00edmco Nizozemsko vr\u00e1tilo stovky artefakt\u016f Indon\u00e9sii, Sr\u00ed Lance a dal\u0161\u00edm zem\u00edm. It\u00e1lie tak\u00e9 jednala a v posledn\u00edch letech vr\u00e1tila \u010c\u00edn\u011b stovky um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl a staro\u017eitnost\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Restituce kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f m\u00e1 v kone\u010dn\u00e9m d\u016fsledku za c\u00edl obnovit historii, respektovat kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed a rozmanitost v\u0161ech n\u00e1rod\u016f a polo\u017eit z\u00e1klady pro obnovenou d\u016fv\u011bru a usm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed mezi zem\u011bmi. Navr\u00e1cen\u00edm uloupen\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f n\u00e1rody projevuj\u00ed uzn\u00e1n\u00ed hlubok\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch a historick\u00fdch vazeb, kter\u00e9 tyto p\u0159edm\u011bty p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed pro jejich komunity p\u016fvodu, a sv\u016fj z\u00e1vazek ke spravedlnosti, rovnosti a princip\u016fm mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 st\u00e1le uchov\u00e1vaj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed uloupen\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f, mus\u00ed pln\u011b p\u0159evz\u00edt svou historickou odpov\u011bdnost a n\u00e1sledovat pozitivn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad Francie t\u00edm, \u017ee budou seri\u00f3zn\u011b reagovat na legitimn\u00ed po\u017eadavky obyvatel zem\u00ed p\u016fvodu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Francouzsk\u00e1 iniciativa by m\u011bla doufejme d\u00e1t impuls glob\u00e1ln\u00edmu hnut\u00ed za restituci ukraden\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f. Douf\u00e1 se, \u017ee tento trend bude n\u00e1sledovat v\u00edce zem\u00ed, kter\u00e9 uko\u0159ist\u011bn\u00e9 artefakty vlastn\u00ed, a t\u00edm umo\u017en\u00ed co nejrychlej\u0161\u00ed n\u00e1vrat v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu vys\u00eddlen\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f dom\u016f a podpo\u0159\u00ed harmoni\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdm\u011bnu a sou\u017eit\u00ed mezi civilizacemi s respektem k historii a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 toleranci.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00edna v posledn\u00edch letech dos\u00e1hla v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho pokroku v restituci ukraden\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f. Jen b\u011bhem 14. p\u011btiletky (2021\u20132025) se do zem\u011b p\u016fvodu vr\u00e1tilo 35 z\u00e1silek zahrnuj\u00edc\u00edch 537 kus\u016f \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f a um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm kombinace pr\u00e1vn\u00edch krok\u016f a diplomatick\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Repatriace kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvou. To zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nal\u00e9havou pot\u0159ebu mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce na ochran\u011b kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Zachov\u00e1n\u00ed kulturn\u00edch statk\u016f znamen\u00e1 ochranu nejen historie n\u00e1roda, ale i lidsk\u00e9 civilizace jako celku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroj:\u00a0 <\/span>China Daily<\/span><\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Francouzsk\u00e9 N\u00e1rodn\u00ed shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed ned\u00e1vno p\u0159ijalo z\u00e1kon, kter\u00fd zjednodu\u0161uje postup pro restituci um\u011bleck\u00fdch d\u011bl uloupen\u00fdch mezi…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":105033,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,130,10909],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105032"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=105032"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/105032\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/105033"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=105032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=105032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=105032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}