{"id":104812,"date":"2026-04-18T00:21:27","date_gmt":"2026-04-17T22:21:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=104812"},"modified":"2026-04-17T12:54:27","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T10:54:27","slug":"studie-chatboti-s-umelou-inteligenci-stanovuji-nespravne-diagnozy-ve-vice-nez-80-ranych-lekarskych-pripadu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/18\/studie-chatboti-s-umelou-inteligenci-stanovuji-nespravne-diagnozy-ve-vice-nez-80-ranych-lekarskych-pripadu\/","title":{"rendered":"Studie: Chatboti s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed stanovuj\u00ed nespr\u00e1vn\u00e9 diagn\u00f3zy ve v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % ran\u00fdch l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Nesv\u011b\u0159ujte sv\u00e9mu obl\u00edben\u00e9mu spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9mu chatbotovi s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o zdrav\u00ed. Pokud v\u00e1m hned na za\u010d\u00e1tku neposkytne p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace, neo\u010dek\u00e1vejte p\u0159esnou diagn\u00f3zu. Navzdory varov\u00e1n\u00edm v\u0161ech model\u016f um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence, aby se poradili s l\u00e9ka\u0159em nebo zdravotnick\u00fdm pracovn\u00edkem, mnoho lid\u00ed st\u00e1le vkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do chatbot\u016f fale\u0161n\u00e9 nad\u011bje. \u2014Patrick Wood, editor.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Chatboti s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed pro spot\u0159ebitele selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159i stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z, zejm\u00e9na pokud jsou konfrontov\u00e1ni s ne\u00fapln\u00fdmi informacemi. To ukazuje nov\u00e1 studie, kter\u00e1 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje rizika spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se na n\u011b jako na digit\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159e.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie\u00a0ukazuje, \u017ee p\u0159edn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 jazykov\u00e9 modely se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s navrhov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0159ady mo\u017en\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z, kdy\u017e jsou data o pacientech omezen\u00e1, a \u010dasto se p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 rychle usad\u00ed na jedin\u00e9 odpov\u011bdi\u00a0<\/span>.<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky poukazuj\u00ed na z\u00e1sadn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed omezen\u00ed um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence: Chatboti sice dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed identifikovat pravd\u011bpodobn\u00e1 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, jakmile je p\u0159\u00edpad pln\u011b pops\u00e1n, ale v ran\u00fdch, nejist\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch klinick\u00e9ho rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b spolehliv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b na tuto technologii k ur\u010den\u00ed zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f \u2013 zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpadech, kdy jsou data zadan\u00e1 u\u017eivateli nejasn\u00e1 nebo ne\u00fapln\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTyto modely jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed pro stanoven\u00ed definitivn\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy, jakmile jsou data kompletn\u00ed, ale na za\u010d\u00e1tku p\u0159\u00edpadu, kdy je k dispozici jen m\u00e1lo informac\u00ed, se pot\u00fdkaj\u00ed s probl\u00e9my,\u201c uvedla Arya Rao, hlavn\u00ed autorka studie a v\u00fdzkumnice ve zdravotnick\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu Massachusetts Mass General Brigham.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studie, publikovan\u00e1 v pond\u011bl\u00ed v \u010dasopise Jama Network Open, testovala modely um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence s vyu\u017eit\u00edm 29 klinick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadov\u00fdch studi\u00ed zalo\u017een\u00fdch na standardizovan\u00e9m l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9m referen\u010dn\u00edm textu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experiment zahrnoval postupn\u00e9 zve\u0159ej\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed dat, v\u010detn\u011b anamn\u00e9zy, v\u00fdsledk\u016f fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a laboratorn\u00edch hodnot. V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci kladli jazykov\u00fdm model\u016fm diagnostick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky a m\u011b\u0159ili jejich chybovost, definovanou jako pod\u00edl ot\u00e1zek, kter\u00e9 nebyly zodpov\u011bzeny zcela spr\u00e1vn\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyhodnotili 21 hlavn\u00edch jazykov\u00fdch model\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b p\u0159edn\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f od spole\u010dnost\u00ed OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, xAI a DeepSeek.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee m\u00edra chyb u v\u0161ech model\u016f byla p\u0159es 80 procent, kdy\u017e musely prov\u00e1d\u011bt tzv. diferenci\u00e1ln\u00ed diagn\u00f3zy \u2013 tedy v situac\u00edch, kdy nebyla k dispozici kompletn\u00ed data o pacientech.<\/span><\/p>\n

S \u00fapln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi daty klesla m\u00edra chyb v kone\u010dn\u00fdch diagn\u00f3z\u00e1ch pod 40 procent, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nejlep\u0161\u00ed modely dos\u00e1hly p\u0159esnosti p\u0159es 90 procent.<\/span><\/p>\n

Claude je vy\u0161kolen k tomu, aby odkazoval lidi s l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdmi dotazy ke specialist\u016fm, vysv\u011btlila Anthropic. Aplikace Gemini je tak\u00e9 navr\u017eena t\u00edmto zp\u016fsobem a podle Googlu obsahuje odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00e9 u\u017eivatele povzbuzuj\u00ed k ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed informac\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokyny pro pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed OpenAI uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed, \u017ee jej\u00ed slu\u017eby by nem\u011bly b\u00fdt pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k poskytov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00fdch rad, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed licenci, bez odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edho zapojen\u00ed odborn\u00edka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnost xAI na \u017e\u00e1dost o koment\u00e1\u0159 nereagovala. Spole\u010dnost DeepSeek se k v\u011bci nepoda\u0159ilo zastihnout.<\/span><\/p>\n

Spole\u010dnosti st\u00e1le \u010dast\u011bji vyv\u00edjej\u00ed specializovan\u00e9 modely l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9ho jazyka, jako je nap\u0159\u00edklad Articulate Medical Intelligence Explorer (AMIE) od spole\u010dnosti Google a MedFound.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prvn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky hodnocen\u00ed model\u016f, jako je AMIE, jsou slibn\u00e9, uvedl Sanjay Kinra, klinick\u00fd epidemiolog z London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine. Je v\u0161ak nepravd\u011bpodobn\u00e9, \u017ee by mohly zcela nahradit l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed, proto\u017ee ta \u201esiln\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na vzhledu a celkov\u00e9m stavu pacienta\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNicm\u00e9n\u011b by mohly hr\u00e1t roli, zejm\u00e9na v situac\u00edch nebo regionech, kde je p\u0159\u00edstup k l\u00e9ka\u0159\u016fm omezen\u00fd,\u201c \u0159ekl Kinra. \u201eProto nal\u00e9hav\u011b pot\u0159ebujeme studie se skute\u010dn\u00fdmi pacienty z t\u011bchto prost\u0159ed\u00ed.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Michael Peel prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm Financial Times<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nesv\u011b\u0159ujte sv\u00e9mu obl\u00edben\u00e9mu spot\u0159ebitelsk\u00e9mu chatbotovi s um\u011blou inteligenc\u00ed p\u0159i rozhodov\u00e1n\u00ed o zdrav\u00ed. Pokud v\u00e1m hned…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":104813,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[10099,4334,9181,839,21],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104812"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104812"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104812\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104813"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104812"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104812"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104812"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}