{"id":104537,"date":"2026-04-14T00:30:57","date_gmt":"2026-04-13T22:30:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=104537"},"modified":"2026-04-13T17:57:09","modified_gmt":"2026-04-13T15:57:09","slug":"souboje-o-blokady-hormu-zenou-svet-na-pokraj-propasti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/14\/souboje-o-blokady-hormu-zenou-svet-na-pokraj-propasti\/","title":{"rendered":"Souboje o blok\u00e1dy Hormu \u017eenou sv\u011bt na pokraj propasti"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Trumpova vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 blok\u00e1da Hormuzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu slibuje del\u0161\u00ed udr\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00fdch cen ropy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslaben\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Ozn\u00e1men\u00ed americk\u00e9ho prezidenta Donalda Trumpa, \u017ee americk\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159nictvo zavede blok\u00e1du Hormuzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu \u2013 u\u010din\u011bn\u00e9 po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch jedn\u00e1n\u00edch v Isl\u00e1m\u00e1b\u00e1du \u2013 signalizuje nebezpe\u010dnou novou f\u00e1zi \u00edr\u00e1nsko-ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 v\u00e1lky. To hroz\u00ed prodlou\u017een\u00edm dopad\u016f ropn\u00e9ho \u0161oku na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku a zata\u017een\u00edm americk\u00fdch sil do dlouhodob\u00e9ho konfliktu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trump\u016fv krok, kter\u00fd n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed ozna\u010duj\u00ed za \u201enez\u00e1konn\u00fd\u201c, si klade za c\u00edl zpochybnit stejn\u011b pr\u00e1vn\u011b sporn\u00fd n\u00e1rok \u00cdr\u00e1nu na suverenitu nad doned\u00e1vna prakticky voln\u00fdmi mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi vodami, kter\u00fdmi prot\u00e9k\u00e1 odhadem 20 % sv\u011btov\u00fdch dod\u00e1vek ropy a zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho plynu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n ned\u00e1vno zaminoval pr\u016fliv, co\u017e vyvolalo obavy, \u017ee ne v\u0161echny miny se poda\u0159\u00ed lokalizovat. Americk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed velen\u00ed uvedlo, \u017ee jeho s\u00edly zah\u00e1jily odminovac\u00ed operace \u2013 krok, kter\u00fd \u00cdr\u00e1n pova\u017euje za poru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 revolu\u010dn\u00ed gardy (IRGC) zavedly syst\u00e9m, kter\u00fd analytici popisuj\u00ed jako de facto m\u00fdtn\u00fd re\u017eim: lod\u011b mus\u00ed p\u0159edlo\u017eit dokumenty, obdr\u017eet k\u00f3dy pro povolen\u00ed k plavb\u011b a akceptovat pr\u016fjezd v doprovodu IRGC jedin\u00fdm kontrolovan\u00fdm koridorem. Poplatky \u00fadajn\u011b dosahuj\u00ed a\u017e 2 milion\u016f dolar\u016f za lo\u010f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Teher\u00e1n se tak chov\u00e1 jako jak\u00fdsi \u201en\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed lupi\u010d\u201c, kter\u00fd po\u017eaduje m\u00fdtn\u00e9 od zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby umo\u017enil pr\u016fjezd. Trumpova hrozba blok\u00e1dy, kter\u00e1 m\u00e1 vstoupit v platnost 13. dubna, m\u00e1 za c\u00edl tento syst\u00e9m podkopat. Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed tajemn\u00edk Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed organizace to prohl\u00e1sil za poru\u0161en\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va a vyzval st\u00e1ty, aby neplatily, proto\u017ee by to vytvo\u0159ilo \u201evelmi \u0161kodliv\u00fd\u201c precedent pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed lodn\u00ed dopravu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Americk\u00e9 \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed velen\u00ed objasnilo, \u017ee blok\u00e1da je konkr\u00e9tn\u011b nam\u00ed\u0159ena proti lod\u00edm vplouvaj\u00edc\u00edm do \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f nebo je opou\u0161t\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm \u2013 nikoli proti ve\u0161ker\u00e9 tranzitn\u00ed doprav\u011b proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed pr\u016flivem. Toto rozli\u0161en\u00ed by mohlo b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro pr\u00e1vn\u00ed posouzen\u00ed podle \u00damluvy OSN o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu (UNCLOS).<\/span><\/p>\n

Svoboda plavby Hormuzsk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem byla a\u017e do \u00fanora z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nesporn\u00e1, a to navzdory \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm (1959) a om\u00e1nsk\u00fdm (1972) n\u00e1rok\u016fm na roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch teritori\u00e1ln\u00edch vod na 12 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil \u2013 \u010d\u00edm\u017e se pr\u016fliv, kter\u00fd je v neju\u017e\u0161\u00edm m\u00edst\u011b \u0161irok\u00fd pouze 21 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edch mil, fakticky z\u00fa\u017eil. Oba st\u00e1ty zaru\u010dily \u201ebezpe\u010dn\u00fd pr\u016fjezd\u201c a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje jasn\u00e9 poru\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u011bhem \u00edr\u00e1nsko-ir\u00e1ck\u00e9 v\u00e1lky v 80. letech 20. stolet\u00ed USA pou\u017eily s\u00edlu k udr\u017een\u00ed pr\u016flivu otev\u0159en\u00e9ho, \u200b\u200bsest\u0159elily \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 letadlo a zabily v\u0161ech 290 lid\u00ed na palub\u011b. Reaganova administrativa vyj\u00e1d\u0159ila l\u00edtost a zaplatila od\u0161kodn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fd\u0161i 61,8 milionu dolar\u016f, ale nep\u0159ijala odpov\u011bdnost. \u00cdr\u00e1n si v roce 2011 znovu n\u00e1rokoval kontrolu, ale nevym\u00e1hal ji; jadern\u00e1 dohoda z roku 2015 se nezab\u00fdvala svobodou plavby.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n stanovil svrchovanost nad pr\u016flivem jako form\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednku pro jakoukoli m\u00edrovou dohodu, spolu s po\u017eadavky na ukon\u010den\u00ed v\u0161ech omezen\u00ed obohacov\u00e1n\u00ed uranu, zastaven\u00ed demont\u00e1\u017ee jadern\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 reparace a uvoln\u011bn\u00ed zmrazen\u00fdch aktiv. Teher\u00e1n nejen hled\u00e1 prostor pro vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 uplat\u0148uje trval\u00fd pr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1rok \u2013 co\u017e \u010din\u00ed dohodu nepravd\u011bpodobnou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trumpovo ozn\u00e1men\u00ed zvy\u0161uje riziko obnoven\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch akc\u00ed po vypr\u0161en\u00ed dvout\u00fddenn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edm\u011b\u0159\u00ed. Po ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fdch rozhovorech zva\u017euje obnoven\u00ed omezen\u00fdch vojensk\u00fdch \u00fader\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Je pozoruhodn\u00e9, \u017ee americk\u00e1 blok\u00e1da nad\u00e1le postr\u00e1d\u00e1 podporu spojenc\u016f. Spojen\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed prohl\u00e1silo, \u017ee se j\u00ed nez\u00fa\u010dastn\u00ed, a to navzdory Trumpov\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm o opaku. M\u00edsto toho \u201enal\u00e9hav\u011b pracuje s Franci\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00edmi partnery\u201c na \u0161irok\u00e9 koalici, kter\u00e1 by ochr\u00e1nila svobodu plavby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brit\u00e1nie jedn\u00e1 s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 40 zem\u011bmi o znovuotev\u0159en\u00ed vodn\u00ed cesty nez\u00e1visle na vojensk\u00e9 akci USA. Z pr\u00e1vn\u00edho hlediska je to kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9: multilater\u00e1ln\u00ed koalice zalo\u017een\u00e1 na UNCLOS by m\u011bla v\u00fdrazn\u011b siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed z\u00e1klad ne\u017e jednostrann\u00e1 blok\u00e1da USA.<\/span><\/p>\n

Byly rovn\u011b\u017e vzneseny pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b americko-izraelsk\u00fdch \u00fatok\u016f na \u00edr\u00e1nskou civiln\u00ed infrastrukturu a potopen\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 lodi v Indick\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jako reference slou\u017e\u00ed \u00damluva OSN o mo\u0159sk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu (UNCLOS), a\u010dkoli ji USA a Izrael nepodepsaly; \u00cdr\u00e1n ji podepsal, ale neratifikoval; Om\u00e1n je smluvn\u00ed stranou smlouvy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cl\u00e1nky 37\u201344 upravuj\u00ed pr\u00e1va a povinnosti p\u0159i proplut\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi pr\u016flivy. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b neru\u0161en\u00fd pr\u016fjezd a svoboda plavby, jako\u017e i povinnosti, jako je neprodlen\u00fd pr\u016fjezd bez hrozby silou.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sousedn\u00ed st\u00e1ty nesm\u00ed br\u00e1nit tranzitu ani jej diskriminovat. Pozastaven\u00ed tranzitu je nep\u0159\u00edpustn\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd postoj, \u017ee tranzitn\u00ed pr\u016fjezd nen\u00ed zvykov\u00fdm pr\u00e1vem, je pova\u017eov\u00e1n za neudr\u017eiteln\u00fd. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudy opakovan\u011b rozhodly, \u017ee ani v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 lod\u011b neporu\u0161uj\u00ed neutralitu.<\/span><\/p>\n

St\u00e1t m\u016f\u017ee uzav\u0159\u00edt mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed vodn\u00ed cestu pouze v r\u00e1mci dohody \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad Turecko v r\u00e1mci Montreuxsk\u00e9 \u00famluvy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv je jednozna\u010dn\u011b mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed obchodn\u00ed trasou, kter\u00e1 spojuje n\u011bkolik region\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 omezen\u00ed a doly drasticky omezily dopravu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky jsou z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9: Cena ropy vzrostla nad 120 dolar\u016f za barel a po ozn\u00e1men\u00ed USA nad\u00e1le rostla. Odborn\u00edci o\u010dek\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee vysok\u00e9 ceny p\u0159etrvaj\u00ed a\u017e do konce roku 2026.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uv\u00edzlo 230 nalo\u017een\u00fdch tanker\u016f; posti\u017eeno je v\u00edce ne\u017e 80 % dovozu potravin do st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. Ohro\u017een je i obchod s hnojivy.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rezoluce Rady bezpe\u010dnosti OSN \u010d. 2817 (2026) potvrzuje pr\u00e1vo na svobodu plavby. T\u0159in\u00e1ct z patn\u00e1cti \u010dlen\u016f hlasovalo pro; Rusko a \u010c\u00edna se zdr\u017eely hlasov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Navzdory sv\u00fdm pr\u00e1vn\u00edm slabin\u00e1m se \u00cdr\u00e1n pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nevzd\u00e1 sv\u00e9ho vlivu. Mo\u017enou alternativou je Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed soudn\u00ed dv\u016fr, ale \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed by bylo zdlouhav\u00e9 a nejist\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

Soud by mohl ob\u011b strany donutit k zachov\u00e1n\u00ed zdr\u017eenlivosti. \u00cdr\u00e1n by v\u0161ak mohl rozhodnut\u00ed ignorovat, podobn\u011b jako \u010c\u00edna v Jiho\u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9m mo\u0159i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Takov\u00fd precedent by mohl povzbudit \u010c\u00ednu k podobn\u00fdm n\u00e1rok\u016fm, nap\u0159\u00edklad v Tchajwansk\u00e9m pr\u016flivu.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pozorovatel\u00e9 by si m\u011bli pamatovat slova Desmonda Tutua: <\/span>\u201ePokud z\u016fstanete neutr\u00e1ln\u00ed v situac\u00edch bezpr\u00e1v\u00ed, rozhodli jste se postavit na stranu utla\u010dovatele.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

od RN Prashera<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trumpova vz\u00e1jemn\u00e1 blok\u00e1da Hormuzsk\u00e9ho pr\u016flivu slibuje del\u0161\u00ed udr\u017een\u00ed vysok\u00fdch cen ropy a z\u00e1rove\u0148 oslaben\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":104538,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,569,9557,6382,350,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104537"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=104537"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/104537\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/104538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=104537"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=104537"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=104537"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}