{"id":103788,"date":"2026-04-05T00:15:56","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T22:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=103788"},"modified":"2026-04-04T15:25:23","modified_gmt":"2026-04-04T13:25:23","slug":"valka-proti-iranu-meni-globalni-ekonomiku-ekonom-michael-hudson-vysvetluje-jak","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/05\/valka-proti-iranu-meni-globalni-ekonomiku-ekonom-michael-hudson-vysvetluje-jak\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00e1lka proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu m\u011bn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku: Ekonom Michael Hudson vysv\u011btluje, jak"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"fb-root\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1fb4c2c elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-post-content\" data-id=\"1fb4c2c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"theme-post-content.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00e1lka mezi USA a Izraelem proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu m\u011bn\u00ed geopolitick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d a mohla by vyvolat hospod\u00e1\u0159skou krizi. Ekonom Michael Hudson hovo\u0159\u00ed o \u0161oku na trhu s ropou a o tom, jak Teher\u00e1n zpochyb\u0148uje dominanci USA.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00e1lka mezi USA a Izraelem proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu m\u011bn\u00ed geopolitick\u00e9 uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a mohla by dokonce vyvolat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159skou krizi. Konflikt zp\u016fsobil nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ropn\u00fd \u0161ok v historii, ot\u0159\u00e1sl sv\u011btov\u00fdmi trhy a zv\u00fd\u0161il ceny pohonn\u00fdch hmot a potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Aby l\u00e9pe pochopil glob\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky, Ben Norton, redaktor Geopolitical Economy Report, provedl rozhovor s ekonomem Michaelem Hudsonem, kter\u00fd hovo\u0159il o tom, jak \u00cdr\u00e1n zpochyb\u0148uje dominanci americk\u00e9ho dolaru a podkop\u00e1v\u00e1 kontrolu Washingtonu nad glob\u00e1ln\u00edm trhem s ropou, co\u017e je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd pil\u00ed\u0159 americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BEN NORTON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: V\u00e1lka, kterou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Izrael zah\u00e1jily proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu, m\u00e1 obrovsk\u00fd dopad na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u0161echny zem\u011b sv\u011bta jsou posti\u017eeny, proto\u017ee tato v\u00e1lka mezi USA a Izraelem zp\u016fsobila\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/finance.yahoo.com\/news\/worst-nightmare-iran-war-is-the-biggest-oil-shock-in-history-analysts-say-100051089.html\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed cenov\u00fd \u0161ok ropy v historii\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u2013 v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e cenov\u00e9 \u0161oky ropy v letech 1973 a 1979.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dopady jsou obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b patrn\u00e9 v Asii, kde v\u011bt\u0161ina dovozu ropy poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Filip\u00edny\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/abcnews.com\/Business\/philippines-declares-national-energy-emergency-asia-risks-energy\/story?id=131397194\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">vyhl\u00e1sily stav n\u00e1rodn\u00ed nouze\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a nyn\u00ed omezuj\u00ed dod\u00e1vky energie, proto\u017ee kv\u016fli t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce nemaj\u00ed dostatek ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2026\/mar\/24\/japan-oil-release-national-reserves\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">Japonsko dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed velkou \u010d\u00e1st sv\u00e9 ropy z Bl\u00edzk\u00e9ho v\u00fdchodu a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu Tokio dos\u00e1hlo\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed produkce ropy ve sv\u00e9 historii.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Krom\u011b toho se 32 \u010dlensk\u00fdch zem\u00ed Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 agentury (IEA) jednomysln\u011b rozhodlo\u00a0 uvolnit\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/news\/iea-member-countries-to-carry-out-largest-ever-oil-stock-release-amid-market-disruptions-from-middle-east-conflict\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">400 milion\u016f barel\u016f ropy\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0ze sv\u00fdch nouzov\u00fdch rezerv.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto je v\u0161ak pouze kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e9 nouzov\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. Nen\u00ed to dlouhodob\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed cena ropy proto v reakci na zpr\u00e1vu o uvoln\u011bn\u00ed ropy ze z\u00e1sob klesla jen m\u00edrn\u011b. Od t\u00e9 doby neust\u00e1le roste, proto\u017ee dokud bude pokra\u010dovat v\u00e1lka mezi USA a Izraelem proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu, bude doch\u00e1zet k masivn\u00edm naru\u0161en\u00edm trhu s energi\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/%24s_%21c4lu%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F28f36ff4-7791-4e0b-b3a3-c76373ffa79c_1500x1040.png?resize=684%2C474&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"509\" height=\"353\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee ropa je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed surovinou na Zemi \u2013 a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch produktech a slou\u017e\u00ed k p\u0159eprav\u011b potravin a dal\u0161\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed ve v\u0161ech oblastech spole\u010dnosti \u2013 sv\u011btov\u00ed l\u00edd\u0159i nyn\u00ed varuj\u00ed, \u017ee by to\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.politico.eu\/article\/iran-war-global-recession-finland-president-alexander-stubb\/\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">mohlo vyvolat glob\u00e1ln\u00ed recesi\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u0160\u00e9f Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e9 agentury to dal jasn\u011b najevo. Varoval, \u017ee v\u00e1lka veden\u00e1 USA a Izraelem proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.pbs.org\/newshour\/economy\/global-economy-faces-major-major-threat-from-iran-war-iea-head-says\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">p\u0159edstavuje \u201eobrovskou hrozbu\u201c pro glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tato v\u00e1lka nejen\u017ee zvy\u0161uje ceny benz\u00ednu, ale i ceny potravin, proto\u017ee\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/business\/2026\/mar\/26\/iran-war-us-gas-fuel-oil-fertilizer-prices\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">tolik hnojiv\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a chemik\u00e1li\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v hnojivech poch\u00e1z\u00ed z oblasti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm \u00farokov\u00fdm sazb\u00e1m, co\u017e n\u00e1sledn\u011b povede k vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm hypote\u010dn\u00edm a dal\u0161\u00edm \u00farok\u016fm z \u00fav\u011br\u016f pro jednotlivce. Nejh\u016f\u0159e budou zasa\u017eeni nejchud\u0161\u00ed lid\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Abychom pochopili, jak tato v\u00e1lka ovlivn\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiku, hovo\u0159\u00edme dnes s renomovan\u00fdm ekonomem Michaelem Hudsonem, autorem \u0159ady knih, v\u010detn\u011b knihy \u201e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><em><a href=\"https:\/\/michael-hudson.com\/books\/super-imperialism-the-economic-strategy-of-american-empire\/\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">Superimperialismus\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/em><em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Ekonomick\u00e1 strategie americk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria\u201c<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u00a0.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Michael Hudson p\u00ed\u0161e \u010dl\u00e1nky a poskytuje rozhovory, ve kter\u00fdch vysv\u011btluje, jak tato v\u00e1lka\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/michael-hudson.com\/2026\/03\/why-this-war-could-reshape-the-world\/\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">zm\u011bn\u00ed sv\u011bt ekonomicky a geopoliticky.<\/span><\/u><\/a><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Michael zejm\u00e9na tvrdil, \u017ee tato v\u00e1lka vedla k tomu, \u017ee \u201e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/michael-hudson.com\/2026\/03\/multipolar-oil-markets-are-now-a-reality\/\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">multipol\u00e1rn\u00ed trhy s ropou se staly realitou\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Je to proto, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo zpochyb\u0148uje glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dominanci americk\u00e9ho dolaru a zejm\u00e9na petrodolarov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu \u2013 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se v\u011bt\u0161ina ropy na sv\u011btov\u00e9m trhu oce\u0148ovala a prod\u00e1vala v dolarech. \u00cdr\u00e1n nyn\u00ed toto zpochyb\u0148uje.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V reakci na tuto agresivn\u00ed v\u00e1lku mezi USA a Izraelem uzav\u0159el Teher\u00e1n Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv, zdaleka nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo pro p\u0159epravu ropy na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Touto \u00fazkou \u00fa\u017einou denn\u011b proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 20 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 obchodovan\u00e9 ropy \u2013 nebo alespo\u0148 20 % sv\u011btov\u00e9 ropy pro\u0161lo touto \u00fa\u017einou\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><em><span dir=\"auto\">p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e\u00a0<\/span><\/em><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0USA a Izrael zah\u00e1jily tuto v\u00e1lku.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/%24s_%21b2D5%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd7bc3152-8605-4f4a-84f5-0b77d3e9ab97_1147x806.png?resize=707%2C497&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"496\" height=\"349\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00cdr\u00e1n nyn\u00ed po\u017eaduje, aby ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b, pokud cht\u011bj\u00ed proplout Hormuzsk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem, souhlasily s prodejem ropy nikoli v americk\u00fdch dolarech, ale v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 m\u011bn\u011b j\u00fcanech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Z tohoto d\u016fvodu n\u011bkter\u00e1 m\u00e9dia, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad South China Morning Post, tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tato \u201e\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scmp.com\/economy\/global-economy\/article\/3347893\/iran-war-could-boost-chinas-petroyuan-and-weaken-us-dollar-dominance-analysts-say\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">\u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka by mohla pos\u00edlit \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd petrojuan\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0a oslabit dominanci americk\u00e9ho dolaru\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vzhledem k masivn\u00edm geopolitick\u00fdm a ekonomick\u00fdm d\u016fsledk\u016fm t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky jsem si myslel, \u017ee Michael Hudson by byl ide\u00e1ln\u00edm hostem.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Bez dal\u0161\u00edch okolk\u016f si nyn\u00ed p\u0159ehrajeme n\u011bkolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch moment\u016f z Michaelov\u00fdch prohl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed a pot\u00e9 p\u0159ejdeme p\u0159\u00edmo k rozhovoru.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">MICHAEL HUDSON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: \u00cdr\u00e1n to prohl\u00e1sil za zlomov\u00fd bod: Nyn\u00ed budeme nav\u017edy ovl\u00e1dat Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu a budeme ovl\u00e1dat obchod s ropou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee m\u00edsto pl\u00e1n\u016f Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f vyu\u017e\u00edvat ropu jako p\u00e1ku proti jin\u00fdm zem\u00edm k vynucen\u00ed jejich dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky m\u00e1 nyn\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n kontrolu nad touto p\u00e1kou a m\u016f\u017ee uvalit sankce proti USA a jejich spojenc\u016fm, sankce proti Izraeli, sankce proti Evropan\u016fm nebo jin\u00fdm spojenc\u016fm Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To zvr\u00e1tilo v\u0161echny americk\u00e9 pokusy o vyu\u017eit\u00ed ropy jako n\u00e1stroje kontroly. Ot\u00e1zkou nyn\u00ed je, zda \u00cdr\u00e1n dok\u00e1\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout toho, na \u010dem je zalo\u017eena ve\u0161ker\u00e1 americk\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika: kontroly nad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy z v\u00fdvozu ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Americk\u00e1 filozofie zn\u00ed: Za prv\u00e9, bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed civilist\u016f poru\u0161uje v\u0161echna pravidla mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 ho zakazuj\u00ed. Civilist\u00e9 jsou bombardov\u00e1ni, aby je demoralizovali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edte na to, co Trump ud\u011blal p\u0159ed p\u00e1r t\u00fddny spole\u010dn\u011b s Izraelem, tak\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/middle-east\/us-investigation-points-likely-us-responsibility-iran-school-strike-sources-say-2026-03-06\/\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">bombardujete \u0161koly\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0,\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/global-development\/2026\/mar\/05\/at-least-dozen-hospital-and-health-facilities-in-iran-hit-since-us-israel-attacks-began-who-says\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">bombardujete nemocnice\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0. To je americk\u00e1 politika v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To je nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b izraelsk\u00e9 politiky v p\u00e1smu Gazy a nyn\u00ed i na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu. A je to stejn\u00e1 politika, jakou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty uplat\u0148ovaly v \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">My\u0161lenka byla, \u017ee by to demoralizovalo obyvatelstvo a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd lid by se cht\u011bl zbavit ajatoll\u00e1h\u016f a \u0159\u00edct: \u201eU\u017e nechceme b\u00fdt bombardov\u00e1ni; chceme zachr\u00e1nit d\u011bti; poj\u010fme vyjednat dohodu a jmenovat v\u016fdce p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby n\u00e1s p\u0159estaly bombardovat.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To byl od za\u010d\u00e1tku nesmysl, ale byla to hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1sada americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky: bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b vede ke zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu a nakonec ke kolapsu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento konflikt v \u00cdr\u00e1nu ur\u010d\u00ed budoucnost glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky. Obnov\u00ed americkou kontrolu nad obchodem s ropou a zajist\u00ed USA jejich po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice? Nebo budeme na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nez\u00e1visl\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">O tom je tahle v\u00e1lka.<\/span><\/p>\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\" \/>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BEN NORTON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Michaele, je to v\u017edycky pot\u011b\u0161en\u00ed; moc d\u011bkujeme, \u017ee jste dnes s n\u00e1mi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">O n\u011bkter\u00fdch z t\u011bchto probl\u00e9m\u016f, o kter\u00fdch nyn\u00ed sv\u011bt diskutuje kv\u016fli v\u00e1lce v \u00cdr\u00e1nu \u2013 zejm\u00e9na o dominanci dolaru a petrodolarov\u00e9m syst\u00e9mu \u2013 jste ji\u017e hovo\u0159il a p\u00ed\u0161ete o nich po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed, od 70. let.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ve skute\u010dnosti americk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da pl\u00e1nuje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00e1lku proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu ji\u017e cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed. To nen\u00ed nic nov\u00e9ho.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Donald Trump je te\u010f prvn\u00edm prezidentem, kter\u00fd je natolik \u0161\u00edlen\u00fd, \u017ee to zkusil. Ale pamatuji si, \u017ee za George W. Bushe, po americk\u00e9 invazi do Ir\u00e1ku, se hodn\u011b diskutovalo o mo\u017en\u00e9 invazi do \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tak\u017ee, Michaele, pros\u00edm, vysv\u011btli sv\u016fj pohled na tuto v\u00e1lku. Jak\u00fd je celkov\u00fd obraz a jak\u00fd to bude m\u00edt dopad na sv\u011bt?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">MICHAEL HUDSON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Zm\u00ednil jste, \u017ee se to t\u00fdk\u00e1 posledn\u00edch n\u011bkolika let nebo desetilet\u00ed; ve skute\u010dnosti to sah\u00e1 p\u016fl stolet\u00ed zp\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">U\u017e v polovin\u011b 70. let, kdy\u017e jsem pracoval pro Hudson\u016fv institut na z\u00e1klad\u011b smluv s ministerstvem financ\u00ed, B\u00edl\u00fdm domem a ministerstvem obrany, jsem se \u00fa\u010dastnil sch\u016fzek, na kter\u00fdch se opakovan\u011b diskutovalo o tom, jak Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty nakonec budou muset p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu nad ve\u0161kerou ropou na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, a to znamen\u00e1 dob\u00fdt \u00cdr\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nap\u0159\u00edklad v polovin\u011b 70. let Herman Ch\u00e1n na vojensk\u00e9 konferenci prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1n nab\u00edz\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b nejlep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k rozd\u011blen\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1nu na etnicky z\u00e1visl\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed. Bal\u00fa\u010dist\u00e1n, le\u017e\u00edc\u00ed mezi P\u00e1kist\u00e1nem a \u00cdr\u00e1nem, byl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ide\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u00edstem pro zah\u00e1jen\u00ed separatistick\u00e9ho hnut\u00ed. Vojensk\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny existovaly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V polovin\u011b 70. let jsem pracoval v ropn\u00e9m sektoru a v oblasti platebn\u00ed bilance. Tuto pozici jsem zast\u00e1val mnoho let v bance Chase Manhattan. Byl jsem vlastn\u011b jedin\u00fd \u2013 byl jsem v hierarchii tak n\u00edzko, technik kolem dvaceti p\u011bti let \u2013 kdo m\u011bl p\u0159\u00edstup ke v\u0161em provozn\u00edm detail\u016fm a statistik\u00e1m hlavn\u00edch americk\u00fdch ropn\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, abych mohl vypo\u010d\u00edtat roli ropy v platebn\u00ed bilanci, a tedy i jej\u00ed podporu dolaru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Stalo se tak bezprost\u0159edn\u011b pot\u00e9, co byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty v roce 1971 kv\u016fli v\u00e1lce ve Vietnamu nuceny opustit zlat\u00fd standard.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty si od sam\u00e9ho za\u010d\u00e1tku uv\u011bdomovaly, \u017ee to, co dnes vid\u00edme, bude posledn\u00ed bitvou o \u2013 jak doufali \u2013 upevn\u011bn\u00ed americk\u00e9 kontroly nad ropou na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b; a cht\u011bly si sv\u00e9 m\u00edsto zaujmout, proto\u017ee \u00fast\u0159edn\u00edm bodem, nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1kou americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky v minul\u00e9m stolet\u00ed, je kontrola nad glob\u00e1ln\u00edm obchodem s ropou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proto\u017ee je to pro samotn\u00e9 americk\u00e9 ropn\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti nesm\u00edrn\u011b ziskov\u00e9 \u2013 dalo jim to velkou kontrolu nad americkou politikou \u2013 a tak\u00e9 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontrolu nad americkou ekonomikou nad jin\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, a to prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm mo\u017enosti p\u0159eru\u0161it dod\u00e1vky ropy do jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed a t\u00edm zastavit jejich v\u00fdrobu elekt\u0159iny, chemickou v\u00fdrobu a v\u00fdrobu hnojiv s vyu\u017eit\u00edm zemn\u00edho plynu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ropn\u00fd pr\u016fmysl zahrnuje i plyn\u00e1rensk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, proto\u017ee jsou tak \u00fazce propojen\u00e9. To v\u0161e je pe\u010dliv\u011b zva\u017eov\u00e1no. A arm\u00e1da ka\u017ed\u00fd rok aktualizuje dlouhodob\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny pro p\u0159\u00edpad, \u017ee bychom skute\u010dn\u011b pot\u0159ebovali pou\u017e\u00edt s\u00edlu k prosazen\u00ed na\u0161\u00ed kontroly nad Bl\u00edzk\u00fdm v\u00fdchodem; pokud se z jak\u00e9hokoli d\u016fvodu ropn\u00e9 st\u00e1ty OPEC stanou nez\u00e1visl\u00fdmi na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech a budou cht\u00edt investovat sv\u00e9 zisky z ropy mimo Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, m\u00edsto aby je zcela p\u0159evedly do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f, aby investovaly do st\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f, korpor\u00e1tn\u00edch dluhopis\u016f, vklad\u016f v americk\u00fdch bank\u00e1ch a akci\u00ed; pokud by by\u0165 jen jeden z nich cht\u011bl uplatnit svou suverenitu a j\u00edt si svou vlastn\u00ed cestou, budeme muset p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu; a v ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b budeme muset p\u0159evz\u00edt kontrolu nad \u00cdr\u00e1nem, proto\u017ee to je nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a posledn\u00ed kotva americk\u00e9 kontroly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A jak jsme ji\u017e zm\u00ednili, gener\u00e1l Wesley Clark v roce 2003 zcela otev\u0159en\u011b prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eDobyt\u00ed\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.democracynow.org\/2007\/3\/2\/gen_wesley_clark_weighs_presidential_bid\"><u><span dir=\"auto\">sedm zem\u00ed b\u011bhem p\u011bti let\u00a0<\/span><\/u><\/a><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e vrcholem bude \u00cdr\u00e1n.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tohle v\u0161echno bylo naprosto transparentn\u00ed. Nejde jen o v\u00e1lku Donalda Trumpa. Je to v\u00e1lka, kterou za\u010dal v t\u00e9to konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dob\u011b, proto\u017ee v d\u016fsledku v\u00e1lky \u2013 nejprve na Ukrajin\u011b a pot\u00e9 v z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed Izraele \u2013 Amerika postupn\u011b ztr\u00e1c\u00ed ekonomickou a vojenskou s\u00edlu, stejn\u011b jako zbran\u011b, rakety, letadla a bomby.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tak\u017ee nikdy nenastane vhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010das pro v\u00e1lku ne\u017e te\u010f. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b je to \u0161patn\u00e1 doba, ale nen\u00ed tak \u0161patn\u00e1, jak se stane. A arm\u00e1da, neokonzervativci, kte\u0159\u00ed za n\u00ed stoj\u00ed, a CIA, kte\u0159\u00ed za n\u00ed stoj\u00ed, se nevzdaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed: \u201eCo m\u016f\u017eeme ztratit? Pokud si te\u010f nezajist\u00edme ropu na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, ztrat\u00edme to, co se stalo nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u00e1kou americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Donald Trump v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee dok\u00e1\u017ee dob\u00fdt \u00cdr\u00e1n b\u011bhem dvou a\u017e \u010dty\u0159 t\u00fddn\u016f. Opravdu tomu v\u011b\u0159il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A doufal, \u017ee v dob\u011b sv\u00e9 pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 cesty do \u010c\u00edny se s \u010c\u00ednou postav\u00ed a \u0159ekne: \u201ePr\u00e1v\u011b jsme v \u00cdr\u00e1nu dos\u00e1hli zm\u011bny re\u017eimu. Dosadili jsme \u00edr\u00e1nskou klientskou oligarchii, klientsk\u00e9ho dikt\u00e1tora, kter\u00fd se uj\u00edm\u00e1 moci a stane se tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc \u00edr\u00e1nskou verz\u00ed Borise Jelcina, spravuj\u00edc\u00ed \u00edr\u00e1nskou ropu v z\u00e1jmu Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u201eTak\u017ee te\u010f m\u00e1me pravomoc uvalit na v\u00e1s, \u010c\u00edno, sankce. Mohli bychom v\u00e1m zastavit dod\u00e1vky ropy. Ale v\u00edte, to nechceme ud\u011blat. Pokud za\u010dnete vyv\u00e1\u017eet suroviny, galium, wolfram a v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 pot\u0159ebujeme pro na\u0161i arm\u00e1du, na kter\u00e9 jste zavedli v\u00fdvozn\u00ed kontroly, pak v\u00e1m ropu d\u00e1me.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Trump doufal, \u017ee toto v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed p\u0159ed\u00e1 \u010c\u00edn\u011b. No, tento sen se o\u010dividn\u011b rozplynul. Arm\u00e1da se p\u0159epo\u010d\u00edtala, proto\u017ee nedok\u00e1zala vymyslet alternativu, kter\u00e1 by mohla tento velkolep\u00fd pl\u00e1n ohrozit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vzpome\u0148te si na v\u0161echny americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 \u00fatoky za posledn\u00edch 50 let, od v\u00e1lky ve Vietnamu \u2013 na v\u0161echny americk\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, od Vietnamu p\u0159es Ir\u00e1k, Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1n, S\u00fdrii a\u017e po Venezuelu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u017edy to byly Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a jejich spojenci, koalice ochotn\u00fdch, proti jednotliv\u00fdm zem\u00edm. Toto je prvn\u00ed v\u00e1lka, kterou Amerika vedla od druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lky, v n\u00ed\u017e jsou znep\u0159\u00e1telen\u00e9 zem\u011b spojenci.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">U\u017e nejde jen o boj proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu. Jde o boj proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu, podporovan\u00fd Ruskem a \u010c\u00ednou, proto\u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd v\u00ed, \u017ee je to boj a\u017e do ho\u0159k\u00e9ho konce, aby se odpov\u011bd\u011blo na ot\u00e1zku: Budou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty schopny znovu z\u00edskat kontrolu nad glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomikou prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm monopol\u016f? Monopolu na ropu, vyhled\u00e1van\u00e9ho monopolu na informa\u010dn\u00ed technologie, monopolu na po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 \u010dipy, technologick\u00e9ho monopolu, ale tak\u00e9 schopnosti z\u00e1sobovat ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b potravinami, exportu a kontroly nad obil\u00edm.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto je jeho posledn\u00ed \u0161ance. A americk\u00e9 pl\u00e1nova\u010de zpo\u010d\u00e1tku motivovalo k tomu, aby se k tomuto projektu zav\u00e1zali, ur\u010dit\u00e9 zoufalstv\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A j\u00e1 v\u011b\u0159\u00edm, \u017ee to nebude fungovat. V\u0161ichni gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 jim \u0159ekli, \u017ee to nebude fungovat. Pesimisti\u010dt\u00ed gener\u00e1lov\u00e9 byli prakticky vytla\u010deni z arm\u00e1dy a ministerstva zahrani\u010d\u00ed, proto\u017ee: \u201eKdy\u017e jste pesimisti\u010dt\u00ed, pro\u010d se do toho nezapojujete? Pro\u010d nejste sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed t\u00fdmu? Nebo jste Putinova loutka? Mus\u00edte prost\u011b v\u011b\u0159it.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Amerika v\u011b\u0159ila, \u017ee nem\u016f\u017ee prohr\u00e1t v\u00e1lku, proto\u017ee jej\u00ed politika bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed jin\u00fdch zem\u00ed bude v\u017edy \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Americk\u00e1 filozofie je zaprv\u00e9: Bombardujete civilisty; poru\u0161ujete v\u0161echna pravidla mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho pr\u00e1va, kter\u00e1 to zakazuj\u00ed. Bombardujete civilisty, abyste je demoralizovali.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A kdy\u017e se zam\u011b\u0159\u00edte na to, co Trump ud\u011blal p\u0159ed p\u00e1r t\u00fddny spole\u010dn\u011b s Izraelem, tak bombardujete \u0161koly, bombardujete nemocnice. To je americk\u00e1 politika v zahrani\u010d\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To je nejz\u0159eteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b izraelsk\u00e9 politiky v p\u00e1smu Gazy a nyn\u00ed i na Z\u00e1padn\u00edm b\u0159ehu Jord\u00e1nu. A je to stejn\u00e1 politika, jakou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty uplat\u0148ovaly v \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">My\u0161lenka byla, \u017ee by to demoralizovalo obyvatelstvo a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd lid by se cht\u011bl zbavit ajatoll\u00e1h\u016f a \u0159\u00edct: \u201eU\u017e nechceme b\u00fdt bombardov\u00e1ni; chceme zachr\u00e1nit d\u011bti; poj\u010fme vyjednat dohodu a jmenovat v\u016fdce p\u0159ijateln\u00e9ho pro Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, aby n\u00e1s p\u0159estaly bombardovat.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To byl od za\u010d\u00e1tku nesmysl, ale byla to hlavn\u00ed z\u00e1sada americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky: bombardov\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011b vede ke zm\u011bn\u011b re\u017eimu a nakonec ke kolapsu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To Amerika od Ruska o\u010dek\u00e1vala.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ale v z\u00e1sad\u011b sd\u00edl\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n stejn\u00e9ho ducha jako Patrick Henry v americk\u00e9 revoluci proti Velk\u00e9 Brit\u00e1nii v roce 1776. Volal: \u201eDejte mi svobodu, nebo mi dejte smrt!\u201c A p\u0159esn\u011b to \u00cdr\u00e1n \u0159\u00edk\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To je pro n\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee v\u011bd\u00ed, jak\u00e9 jsou pl\u00e1ny USA, jeliko\u017e Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty sv\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny tak otev\u0159ely.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ano, cht\u011bj\u00ed zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu; cht\u011bj\u00ed zni\u010dit \u00cdr\u00e1n; cht\u011bj\u00ed z\u00edskat kontrolu nad \u00edr\u00e1nskou ropou a vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edjmy z v\u00fdvozu ropy k podpo\u0159e americk\u00e9ho dolaru a v podstat\u011b americk\u00e9 ekonomiky. Cht\u011bj\u00ed d\u00e1t americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politice moc p\u0159ipravit ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b o ropu a \u0159\u00edct: \u201eM\u016f\u017eeme zav\u0159\u00edt v\u00e1\u0161 pr\u016fmysl, v\u00e1\u0161 chemick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, v\u0161echna va\u0161e odv\u011btv\u00ed, kter\u00e1 pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed elekt\u0159inu, ropu a plyn; to v\u0161echno m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat, pokud budete prosazovat nez\u00e1vislou politiku a budete se \u0159\u00eddit svou vlastn\u00ed suverenitou. A my ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech odm\u00edt\u00e1me princip Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00fd n\u00e1rod m\u00e1 svou vlastn\u00ed suverenitu.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip z\u00e1padn\u00ed civilizace za posledn\u00ed p\u016flstolet\u00ed, z\u00e1kladn\u00ed princip Charty Spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f. To v\u0161e Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty odm\u00edtaj\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A to, co to ud\u011blalo, je, \u017ee si ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b uv\u011bdomily, \u017ee se jedn\u00e1 skute\u010dn\u011b o posledn\u00ed konflikt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento konflikt v \u00cdr\u00e1nu ur\u010d\u00ed budoucnost glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky. Obnov\u00ed americkou kontrolu nad obchodem s ropou a zajist\u00ed USA jejich po\u017eadovan\u00e9 kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 postaven\u00ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomice? Nebo budeme na Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech nez\u00e1visl\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">O tom je tahle v\u00e1lka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BEN NORTON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Dob\u0159e \u0159e\u010deno, Michaele. Nadnesl jsi tolik d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch bod\u016f. Je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 v\u011bd\u011bt, kde za\u010d\u00edt.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Cht\u011bl jsem se jen kr\u00e1tce vyj\u00e1d\u0159it k my\u0161lence, \u017ee USA se na v\u00e1lku v \u00cdr\u00e1nu p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed u\u017e cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed a, jak jste \u0159ekl, \u010dekaj\u00ed na co nejm\u00e9n\u011b \u0161patn\u00fd okam\u017eik.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to naprosto spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, proto\u017ee v posledn\u00edch dvou letech do\u0161lo tak\u00e9 ke dv\u011bma d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm ud\u00e1lostem, kter\u00e9 vedly k t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce v \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zaprv\u00e9 do\u0161lo ke svr\u017een\u00ed syrsk\u00e9 vl\u00e1dy \u2013 kter\u00e9 se datuje do roku 2011, za\u010d\u00e1tku v\u00e1lky za zm\u011bnu re\u017eimu, kter\u00e1 byla nakonec \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e1 na konci roku 2024 a p\u0159edstavovala d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd krok k v\u00e1lce v \u00cdr\u00e1nu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A pak Izrael tak\u00e9 zabil veden\u00ed libanonsk\u00e9ho odboje, co\u017e by podle jejich n\u00e1zoru Libanon z rovnice vy\u0159adilo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">T\u00edm, \u017ee USA a Izrael eliminovaly Libanon a S\u00fdrii \u2013 nebo alespo\u0148 v\u011b\u0159ily, \u017ee Libanon eliminovaly \u2013 mohly za\u00fato\u010dit na \u00cdr\u00e1n izolac\u00ed Teher\u00e1nu od jeho spojenc\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vid\u011bli jsme, \u017ee v Libanonu pokra\u010duje odpor, p\u0159esto\u017ee Izrael napadl a sna\u017e\u00ed se kolonizovat jih.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/%24s_%21KxUI%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F52791624-f170-4ecd-abd4-9f375a8e734d_1081x1351.webp?resize=704%2C880&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"510\" height=\"638\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V ka\u017ed\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b bych se r\u00e1d dolarov\u00fdm syst\u00e9mem zab\u00fdval podrobn\u011bji. Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee je to pro pochopen\u00ed t\u00e9to v\u00e1lky kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mluvili o tom, jak USA hodlaj\u00ed vyu\u017e\u00edt svou kontrolu nad glob\u00e1ln\u00edm trhem s ropou k podpo\u0159e dolaru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u00edte, syst\u00e9m petrodolar\u016f vlastn\u011b sah\u00e1 a\u017e do roku 1974, kdy vl\u00e1da Richarda Nixona po odd\u011blen\u00ed dolaru od zlat\u00e9ho standardu uzav\u0159ela dohodu se Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla v t\u00e9 dob\u011b p\u0159edn\u00edm sv\u011btov\u00fdm producentem ropy, o zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby se s ropou obchodovalo v\u00fdhradn\u011b v dolarech, \u010d\u00edm\u017e byla zaru\u010dena glob\u00e1ln\u00ed popt\u00e1vka po dolaru.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zd\u00e1 se, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n jasn\u011b ch\u00e1pe v\u00fdznam t\u00e9to situace pro hegemonii USA, d\u016fle\u017eitost dolarov\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu a petrodolaru, proto\u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n se na to p\u0159\u00edmo zam\u011b\u0159il.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00cdr\u00e1n uzav\u0159el Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv a po\u017eaduje, aby zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 j\u00edm proplouvaj\u00ed, obchodovaly se svou ropou v \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fdch juanech.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/%24s_%21QcIL%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd20ccd8d-64ab-41cd-80f0-080c0e602e79_1147x806.png?resize=707%2C497&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"588\" height=\"413\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">D\u00e1le se objevuj\u00ed zpr\u00e1vy, \u017ee \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da c\u00edl\u00ed nejen na americk\u00e9 vojensk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny v regionu, ale tak\u00e9 na kancel\u00e1\u0159e velk\u00fdch americk\u00fdch korporac\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b americk\u00fdch finan\u010dn\u00edch instituc\u00ed a velk\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 buduj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e1 datov\u00e1 centra um\u011bl\u00e9 inteligence v lokalit\u00e1ch, jako jsou Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/%24s_%21qgwI%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcf20509e-4287-4054-b4d8-65c9b15aa368_1010x1292.png?resize=694%2C888&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"494\" height=\"632\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tak\u017ee se domn\u00edv\u00e1m, \u017ee si \u00cdr\u00e1n uv\u011bdomuje, jak kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fd je v t\u00e9to v\u00e1lce ekonomick\u00fd aspekt. Cht\u011bl byste o tom diskutovat d\u00e1le?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">MICHAEL HUDSON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Ano, pl\u00e1ny Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f na vojenskou kontrolu nad Bl\u00edzk\u00fdm v\u00fdchodem nebyly zalo\u017eeny na jejich vlastn\u00edch bojov\u00fdch operac\u00edch, proto\u017ee Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty byly vy\u010derpan\u00e9 vietnamskou v\u00e1lkou \u2013 vzpome\u0148me si, v polovin\u011b 70. let.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">USA m\u011bly dv\u011b klientsk\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy bojuj\u00edc\u00ed na Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V prvn\u00ed \u0159ad\u011b je Izrael klientskou arm\u00e1dou. Dohoda byla uzav\u0159ena ji\u017e v 70. letech 20. stolet\u00ed \u2013 a kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v n\u00ed sehr\u00e1l Herman Kahn z Hudsonova institutu. Se sen\u00e1torem Henrym \u201eScoopem\u201c Jacksonem, jedn\u00edm z p\u0159edn\u00edch americk\u00fdch provojensk\u00fdch sen\u00e1tor\u016f, bylo dohodnuto, \u017ee Izrael pou\u017eije jako z\u00e1stupnou arm\u00e1du USA.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BEN NORTON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Joe Biden, kdy\u017e byl je\u0161t\u011b sen\u00e1torem, to proslul\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem jasn\u011b vyj\u00e1d\u0159il. V jednom projevu Biden \u0159ekl: \u201eIzrael je nejlep\u0161\u00ed investic\u00ed, jakou m\u016f\u017eeme ud\u011blat.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">JOE BIDEN\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: (1986) Pokud by Izrael neexistoval, musely by Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty americk\u00e9 vymyslet nov\u00fd Izrael, aby chr\u00e1nily sv\u00e9 z\u00e1jmy v regionu. Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty by proto musely jednat a zalo\u017eit nov\u00fd Izrael.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">(V roce 2022) \u010casto jsem \u0159\u00edkal, pane prezidente, kdyby to nebyl Izrael, museli bychom si n\u011bjak\u00fd vymyslet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">(V roce 2023) U\u017e dlouho \u0159\u00edk\u00e1m: Kdyby Izrael neexistoval, museli bychom si ho vymyslet.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">MICHAEL HUDSON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Ano, tehdy to bylo velmi otev\u0159en\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pozd\u011bji, po 11. z\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a pot\u00e9, co prezident Carter podpo\u0159il mud\u017eahed\u00edny v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu jako alternativu k sekul\u00e1rn\u00ed vl\u00e1d\u011b v Afgh\u00e1nist\u00e1nu, se Al-K\u00e1ida stala wahh\u00e1bistickou teroristickou arm\u00e1dou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A wahh\u00e1bist\u00e9 jsou druhou silou, kterou Amerika nasadila.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zm\u00ednil jste S\u00fdrii. A samoz\u0159ejm\u011b, veden\u00ed terorist\u016f ISIS je v S\u00fdrii. A ti se piln\u011b v\u011bnuj\u00ed vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed v\u0161ech nesunnit\u016f. Zab\u00edjej\u00ed alavity, zab\u00edjej\u00ed k\u0159es\u0165any. V podstat\u011b jsou to ti, kdo st\u00ednaj\u00ed hlavy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto jsou tedy dv\u011b z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 arm\u00e1dy Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f [Izrael a wahh\u00e1bist\u00e9].<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pro\u010d je tohle v\u0161echno zrovna te\u010f tak nal\u00e9hav\u00e9? Zaprv\u00e9, wahh\u00e1bist\u00e9 s Izraelem \u00fazce spolupracuj\u00ed u\u017e deset let. Izrael je jedin\u00e1 nesunnitsk\u00e1 skupina, na kterou ne\u00fato\u010dili. Spolupracuj\u00ed ruku v ruce u\u017e l\u00e9ta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To, co donutilo izraelskou arm\u00e1du k akci, byl izraelsk\u00fd \u00fatok na Gazu a odpor z Libanonu, ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u00e1lka, kter\u00e1 se roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159ila po cel\u00e9m Bl\u00edzk\u00e9m v\u00fdchod\u011b, a celosv\u011btov\u00e1 kritika genocidy v Gaze, kterou jste vid\u011bli ze strany Organizace spojen\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f a Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edho trestn\u00edho soudu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To v\u0161e vyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak na USA a Izrael, aby si polo\u017eili ot\u00e1zku: \u201eDovol\u00edme p\u0159evzet\u00ed moci?\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Izrael se nyn\u00ed pokou\u0161\u00ed ovl\u00e1dnout Libanon. M\u00e1m podez\u0159en\u00ed, \u017ee Izraelci budou pot\u0159ebovat cestu ven, pokud se \u00cdr\u00e1nu poda\u0159\u00ed zni\u010dit ekonomick\u00e9 z\u00e1klady izraelsk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Toto je vojensk\u00fd r\u00e1mec pro tohle v\u0161echno a toto je finan\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mec.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">R\u00e1d bych se znovu zm\u00ednil o kontrole petrodolar\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ne\u0161lo jen o stanovov\u00e1n\u00ed ceny ropy v dolarech. V\u0161echny zem\u011b stanovovaly ceny v\u00fdvozu m\u011bdi, vlastn\u011b v\u0161echno, v dolarech, proto\u017ee to byla st\u00e1le hlavn\u00ed m\u011bna.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zem\u011b t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 bez probl\u00e9m\u016f p\u0159esunuly sv\u00e9 mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed rezervy ze zlata a americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly stejn\u011b kvalitn\u00ed jako zlato, do americk\u00fdch dolar\u016f, a to i v dob\u011b, kdy dolar ji\u017e nebyl tak kvalitn\u00ed jako zlato. Obchodov\u00e1n\u00ed s americk\u00fdmi dolary pokra\u010dovalo.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ot\u00e1zka tedy zn\u011bla: Kam by m\u011bly b\u00fdt tyto prost\u0159edky investov\u00e1ny?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V souladu s Kissingerov\u00fdmi sm\u011brnicemi \u2013 a toto v\u0161e mi vysv\u011btlilo ministerstvo financ\u00ed a ministerstvo zahrani\u010d\u00ed v letech 1974 a 1975 \u2013 americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da informovala Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bii a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b OPEC: \u201eM\u016f\u017eete si za ropu \u00fa\u010dtovat, kolik chcete, ale p\u0159ebytek mus\u00edte investovat ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Nedovol\u00edme v\u00e1m z\u00edskat kontrolu nad velk\u00fdmi americk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi. Nem\u016f\u017eete kupovat americk\u00e9 firmy; pouze my m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat kontrolu nad zahrani\u010dn\u00edmi ekonomikami. Budete kupovat dluhopisy. M\u016f\u017eete financovat americk\u00fd pr\u016fmysl a americk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. M\u016f\u017eete kupovat akcie t\u011bchto spole\u010dnost\u00ed. M\u016f\u017eete vyd\u011bl\u00e1vat pen\u00edze jednodu\u0161e ulo\u017een\u00edm pen\u011bz do bank.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To byly petrodolary. Petrodolary byly \u00faspory zem\u00ed OPEC, kter\u00e9 byly investov\u00e1ny v bank\u00e1ch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">No, op\u011btovn\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159ebytk\u016f OPEC dnes nen\u00ed tak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 jako v 70. letech. Tehdy tyto petrodolary tekly do americk\u00fdch bank. A co se s nimi stalo? P\u016fj\u010dovaly je zem\u00edm glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu na financov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich obchodn\u00edch deficit\u016f a deficit\u016f platebn\u00ed bilance.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To nakonec vedlo ke kolapsu latinskoamerick\u00e9ho dolaru a dal\u0161\u00edch zahrani\u010dn\u00edch dluh\u016f. Pozd\u011bji to zase vedlo k asijsk\u00e9 finan\u010dn\u00ed krizi v roce 1998, kter\u00e1 podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru poslou\u017e\u00ed jako uk\u00e1zkov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdvoje v leto\u0161n\u00edm roce.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Sa\u00fadsk\u00e1 Ar\u00e1bie a dal\u0161\u00ed zem\u011b v\u0161ak v posledn\u00edch 10 nebo 20 letech vyu\u017eily sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy z exportu k t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 \u0161\u00edlen\u00e9mu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch ekonomik, a to v\u00fdstavbou obrovsk\u00fdch luxusn\u00edch nemovitost\u00ed v pou\u0161ti a v\u00fdstavbou obrovsk\u00fdch odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e1 jim zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed dom\u00e1c\u00ed z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">St\u00e1le v\u0161ak maj\u00ed obrovsk\u00e9 \u00faspory ve form\u011b dluhopis\u016f, akci\u00ed a finan\u010dn\u00edch investic ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee zem\u011b OPEC jsou nyn\u00ed odep\u0159eny p\u0159\u00edjmy z exportu, ozn\u00e1mily: \u201eVskutku jsme zat\u00ed\u017eili na\u0161i ekonomiku dluhem. Jakkoli jsme bohat\u00ed, na\u0161e realitn\u00ed projekty a investice jsou financov\u00e1ny dluhem a nyn\u00ed mus\u00edme za\u010d\u00edt prod\u00e1vat na\u0161e americk\u00e9 cenn\u00e9 pap\u00edry a zlato, abychom udr\u017eeli na\u0161e n\u00e1rodn\u00ed rozpo\u010dty a platebn\u00ed bilanci v rovnov\u00e1ze.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To v\u0161e nyn\u00ed vede k v\u00fdprodeji dolaru. V d\u016fsledku toho se obr\u00e1til cel\u00fd efekt petrodolar\u016f \u2013 ve\u0161ker\u00fd p\u0159\u00edliv finan\u010dn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f OPEC do m\u011bny, tj. cena ropy v dolarech. To nyn\u00ed vyv\u00edj\u00ed na dolar zna\u010dn\u00fd tlak.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tak\u017ee tohle je dal\u0161\u00ed hrozba.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">\u00cdr\u00e1n prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eToto je zlomov\u00fd bod. Nyn\u00ed budeme nav\u017edy ovl\u00e1dat Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu. Proto se mu \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Persk\u00fd z\u00e1liv, proto\u017ee pat\u0159\u00ed n\u00e1m. A budeme ovl\u00e1dat obchod s ropou.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee to ji\u017e nejsou Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ropu jako p\u00e1ku proti ostatn\u00edm zem\u00edm, aby je vynutily k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed americk\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politiky, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e to, \u017ee \u00cdr\u00e1n nyn\u00ed kontroluje tento tlakov\u00fd bod a m\u016f\u017ee uvalit sankce proti USA a jejich spojenc\u016fm, sankce proti Izraeli, sankce proti Evropan\u016fm nebo jin\u00fdm spojenc\u016fm Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To obr\u00e1tilo situaci v cel\u00e9m americk\u00e9m pokusu o vyu\u017eit\u00ed ropy jako prost\u0159edku kontroly.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ot\u00e1zkou nyn\u00ed je, zda \u00cdr\u00e1n dok\u00e1\u017ee dos\u00e1hnout toho, na \u010dem je zalo\u017eena cel\u00e1 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed politika Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f: kontroly nad mezin\u00e1rodn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00edjmy z v\u00fdvozu ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, kdo m\u016f\u017ee tuto ropu, zemn\u00ed plyn a h\u00e9lium koupit \u2013 tyto t\u0159i v\u011bci \u2013 a tak\u00e9 kontrola nad Hormuzsk\u00fdm pr\u016flivem, kontrola nad dovozem potravin a dal\u0161\u00edho zbo\u017e\u00ed do zem\u00ed OPEC, tak\u017ee to p\u0159edstavuje \u00fazk\u00e9 hrdlo jak pro zem\u011b OPEC, tak pro zahrani\u010dn\u00ed spot\u0159ebitele ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BEN NORTON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Ano, Michaele, r\u00e1d bych se zde podrobn\u011bji vyj\u00e1d\u0159il k energetick\u00e9mu aspektu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed energetick\u00e1 agentura ozna\u010dila sou\u010dasnou energetickou krizi za nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u0161ok v oblasti dod\u00e1vek ropy v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch sv\u011bta.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ropn\u00e1 krize zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 embargem OPEC v roce 1973, kter\u00e1 byla rovn\u011b\u017e spojena s izraelskou agresivn\u00ed v\u00e1lkou.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A pak, v roce 1979, s \u00edr\u00e1nskou revoluc\u00ed, nastala dal\u0161\u00ed ropn\u00e1 krize.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ale dnes za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ropnou krizi v historii.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/substackcdn.com\/image\/fetch\/%24s_%21cTyQ%21%2Cw_1456%2Cc_limit%2Cf_auto%2Cq_auto%3Agood%2Cfl_progressive%3Asteep\/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9f4ff36b-6cb0-48e9-a141-303a9fa5b691_1500x1040.png?resize=707%2C490&amp;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" width=\"475\" height=\"329\" \/><\/figure>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Cena ropy prudce vzrostla, co\u017e povede k celosv\u011btov\u00e9 inflaci, proto\u017ee ropa je samoz\u0159ejm\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dovou surovinou pro mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch produkt\u016f a je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 pro p\u0159epravu v\u011bt\u0161iny zbo\u017e\u00ed, zejm\u00e9na potravin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nav\u00edc mnoho hnojiv a chemik\u00e1li\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch v hnojivech poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu. To by proto mohlo vyvolat potravinovou krizi, kter\u00e1 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tvrd\u011b zas\u00e1hne glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Zem\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed ropu by p\u0159irozen\u011b mohly t\u011b\u017eit z vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f \u2013 nicm\u00e9n\u011b velk\u00e1 \u010d\u00e1st ropn\u00e9 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e9 infrastruktury v oblasti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu byla v\u00e1lkou po\u0161kozena. N\u011bkter\u00e9 z t\u011bchto st\u00e1t\u016f Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu proto nemus\u00ed m\u00edt zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edjm\u016f z v\u00fdvozu prosp\u011bch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u011bt\u0161ina zem\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu v\u0161ak dov\u00e1\u017e\u00ed ropu, energii a dal\u0161\u00ed suroviny. A s rostouc\u00edmi cenami komodit to bude m\u00edt tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na jejich ekonomiky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede k deficit\u016fm b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho \u00fa\u010dtu. A to znamen\u00e1, \u017ee v zem\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu mnoho jejich m\u011bn ztrat\u00ed hodnotu v\u016f\u010di dolaru, co\u017e pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b povede k odlivu kapit\u00e1lu \u2013 takzvan\u00fdm \u201ehork\u00fdm pen\u011bz\u016fm\u201c, proto\u017ee zahrani\u010dn\u00ed investo\u0159i jednodu\u0161e prodaj\u00ed v\u0161echny sv\u00e9 investice na rozv\u00edjej\u00edc\u00edch se trz\u00edch.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Mohli bychom proto za\u017e\u00edt m\u011bnov\u00e9 krize, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krize, energetick\u00e9 krize a potravinov\u00e9 krize.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tato volebn\u00ed v\u00e1lka, tato agresivn\u00ed v\u00e1lka, kterou zah\u00e1jili Trump a Netanjahu, by mohla spustit masivn\u00ed ekonomickou krizi, kter\u00e1 obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b tvrd\u011b zas\u00e1hne glob\u00e1ln\u00ed Jih.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Vid\u00edte to stejn\u011b?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">MICHAEL HUDSON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Ano, a to v\u0161echno se dalo p\u0159edv\u00eddat.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Pokud chcete vid\u011bt paradigma, model toho, co se stane, pod\u00edvejte se nejprve na to, co se stalo s n\u011bmeck\u00fdm pr\u016fmyslem pot\u00e9, co Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty a Evropa uvalily sankce na n\u00e1kup rusk\u00e9ho plynu a ropy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bmeck\u00fd pr\u016fmysl se zhroutil a Evropa a N\u011bmecko nyn\u00ed trp\u00ed depres\u00ed. \u010cel\u00ed t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 depresi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To, co se stalo v N\u011bmecku, zni\u010dilo jeho ekonomiku a vedlo k uzav\u0159en\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ropa se nepou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 jen k v\u00fdrob\u011b energie. Jak jste ji\u017e zm\u00ednil, ropa se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 tak\u00e9 v chemick\u00e9m pr\u016fmyslu. Je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho pr\u016fmyslu a v\u00fdroby hnojiv.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Hnojivo je v sou\u010dasnosti obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9, proto\u017ee se vyr\u00e1b\u00ed ze zemn\u00edho plynu. A kdy\u017e \u00cdr\u00e1n bombardoval Katar, byl Katar p\u0159edn\u00edm v\u00fdvozcem zkapaln\u011bn\u00e9ho zemn\u00edho plynu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tento zemn\u00ed plyn byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n v jin\u00fdch zem\u00edch, zejm\u00e9na u spojenc\u016f Ameriky \u2013 Japonska, Koreje a Filip\u00edn \u2013 k v\u00fdrob\u011b hnojiv. V\u0161echny tyto zem\u011b jsou v krizi.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A h\u00e9lium, spolu se zemn\u00edm plynem \u2013 skute\u010dnost, \u017ee h\u00e9lium nap\u0159\u00edklad nen\u00ed dostupn\u00e9 pro Tchaj-wan a jeho polovodi\u010dov\u00fd pr\u016fmysl nebo v\u00fdrobu energie. Ropa tak\u00e9 nen\u00ed pro Tchaj-wan dostupn\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jak m\u00e1 Tchaj-wan vyr\u00e1b\u011bt polovodi\u010de, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dem k americk\u00e9 kontrole nad informa\u010dn\u00edmi technologiemi, ke v\u0161em po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00fdm \u010dip\u016fm a monopol\u016fm, jich\u017e se Amerika sna\u017eila dos\u00e1hnout? To je tedy dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Nav\u00edc se na severn\u00ed polokouli bl\u00ed\u017e\u00ed obdob\u00ed v\u00fdsadby. A b\u011bhem n\u011bj je pot\u0159eba hnojit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Ceny hnojiv, kter\u00e1 se z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00ed ze zemn\u00edho plynu, ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech ji\u017e rostou. To vyv\u00edj\u00ed tlak na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Ameri\u010dt\u00ed farm\u00e1\u0159i si st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed \u2013 stejn\u011b jako jist\u011b farm\u00e1\u0159i v cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b a na glob\u00e1ln\u00edm Jihu \u2013 \u201eNem\u016f\u017eeme dosahovat zisku prodejem na\u0161ich plodin za dne\u0161n\u00ed ceny, kdy\u017e mus\u00edme platit tolik za hnojiva a zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 stroje, na kter\u00e9 Trump zavedl cla, \u017ee p\u0159i p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed plodin p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00edme o pen\u00edze.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Tak co budou d\u011blat?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To povede k zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9 krizi. A zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 nejv\u00edce utrp\u00ed, budou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b ty, kter\u00e9 si nejm\u00e9n\u011b mohou dovolit vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ceny hnojiv, benz\u00ednu a ropy. To jsou zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Proto\u017ee krom\u011b n\u00e1klad\u016f na ropu a plyn a jejich vedlej\u0161\u00ed produkty mus\u00ed tak\u00e9 spl\u00e1cet sv\u00e9 nesplacen\u00e9 zahrani\u010dn\u00ed dluhy v dolarech. N\u011bco se mus\u00ed zm\u011bnit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Dojde k prodlen\u00ed s platbami. Ostatn\u00ed zem\u011b si budou kl\u00e1st ot\u00e1zku: \u201eCo bychom m\u011bli d\u011blat? Chceme n\u00e1sledovat p\u0159\u00edklad Evropy a \u0159\u00edct: \u201aM\u00e1me rozpo\u010dtovou krizi, ceny ropy rostou. Mus\u00edme dotovat majitele dom\u016f, aby si mohli vyt\u00e1p\u011bt domy plynem nebo olejem. Na\u0161i pracuj\u00edc\u00ed u\u017e \u017eij\u00ed na hranici existen\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f a hromad\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dluhy. Prohrajeme volby v Evrop\u011b, stejn\u011b jako v Americe, pokud budou spot\u0159ebitel\u00e9 muset v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b prodlen\u00ed s platbami utratit tolik v\u00edce pen\u011bz za ropu, plyn, topen\u00ed a elekt\u0159inu. Budeme tedy muset omezit v\u0161echny ostatn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fddaje a z\u00e1rove\u0148 zv\u00fd\u0161it na\u0161e vojensk\u00e9 v\u00fddaje.\u2018\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">To tedy povede k politick\u00e9 krizi, ke konfliktu mezi zast\u00e1nci a odp\u016frci v\u00e1lky, mezi stoupenci a odp\u016frci USA, od Evropy a\u017e po zem\u011b glob\u00e1ln\u00edho Jihu a asijsk\u00e9 zem\u011b, kter\u00e9 jsou spojenci Ameriky.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Jak mohou Korea a Japonsko z\u00edskat 350 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 korejsk\u00fd parlament \u00fadajn\u011b pr\u00e1v\u011b schv\u00e1lil s od\u016fvodn\u011bn\u00edm: \u201eDonaldu Trumpovi zaplat\u00edme 350 miliard dolar\u016f, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt dle sv\u00e9ho uv\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, abychom neztratili americk\u00fd exportn\u00ed trh pro na\u0161e produkty\u201c?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">A Japonsko sl\u00edbilo 650 miliard dolar\u016f. Jak to maj\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout, kdy\u017e nemaj\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed plynu a ropy na export do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f?<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">N\u011bkdo si tam mus\u00ed myslet: \u201ePokud nebudeme m\u00edt ropu a plyn, nebudeme je vyv\u00e1\u017eet do Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f. Tak\u017ee nemus\u00edme d\u00e1vat Spojen\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm 350 miliard dolar\u016f z Koreje a 650 miliard dolar\u016f z Japonska.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">V\u0161echny tyto smlouvy uzav\u0159en\u00e9 Trumpem budou zru\u0161eny.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">BEN NORTON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: Michaele, mysl\u00edm, \u017ee to je perfektn\u00ed konec. Moc ti d\u011bkuji, \u017ee jsi tady.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span dir=\"auto\">Bohu\u017eel to vypad\u00e1, \u017ee tato v\u00e1lka bude pokra\u010dovat, ale jsem si jist\u00fd, \u017ee v\u00e1s brzy znovu pozvu, abychom podrobn\u011bji prodiskutovali glob\u00e1ln\u00ed dopad tohoto konfliktu. D\u011bkuji.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong><span dir=\"auto\">MICHAEL HUDSON\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><span dir=\"auto\">\u00a0: T\u011b\u0161\u00edm se na to. D\u011bkuji za pozv\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8c57238 quelle dc-has-condition dc-condition-empty elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8c57238\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n<h3 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-size: 10pt;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.geopoliticaleconomy.report\/p\/war-iran-change-economy-michael-hudson?utm_source=post-email-title&amp;publication_id=457596&amp;post_id=192401960&amp;utm_campaign=email-post-title&amp;isFreemail=true&amp;r=flp3u&amp;triedRedirect=true&amp;utm_medium=email\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><span dir=\"auto\">Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u00e1lka mezi USA a Izraelem proti \u00cdr\u00e1nu m\u011bn\u00ed geopolitick\u00fd \u0159\u00e1d a mohla by vyvolat hospod\u00e1\u0159skou&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":103789,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,45,350,310,1052,40],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103788"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103788"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103788\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103788"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103788"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103788"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}