{"id":103719,"date":"2026-04-04T00:19:09","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T22:19:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=103719"},"modified":"2026-04-03T12:56:31","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T10:56:31","slug":"cinsti-vedci-meni-komary-na-nastroj-k-ockovani-netopyru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/04\/04\/cinsti-vedci-meni-komary-na-nastroj-k-ockovani-netopyru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u010c\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci m\u011bn\u00ed kom\u00e1ry na \u201en\u00e1stroj k o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c netop\u00fdr\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed tomu \u201eekologick\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, co\u017e je nar\u00e1\u017eka na dogma Jednoho zdrav\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho jsou lid\u00e9 jedno s Gaiou jako \u017eiv\u00fdm organismem. \u010cl\u00e1nek uv\u00e1d\u00ed: \u201eJak netop\u00fd\u0159i, tak my\u0161i vystaven\u00e9 sterilizovan\u00fdm kom\u00e1r\u016fm s vakc\u00ednou si vyvinuly neutraliza\u010dn\u00ed protil\u00e1tky proti ob\u011bma nemocem (vzteklin\u011b a nipahu).\u201c P\u0159edn\u00ed \u010d\u00ednsk\u00fd v\u011bdec otev\u0159en\u011b prohl\u00e1sil: \u201eChceme z kom\u00e1ra ud\u011blat o\u010dkovac\u00ed n\u00e1stroj.\u201c Zjevn\u011b uva\u017euj\u00ed i \u200b\u200bo o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed lid\u00ed. \u2013 Patrick Wood, editor.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kom\u00e1\u0159i obvykle sp\u00ed\u0161e \u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed nemoci, ne\u017e aby jim p\u0159edch\u00e1zeli, ale \u010d\u00edn\u0161t\u00ed v\u011bdci navrhli pou\u017e\u00edt tento hmyz jako neobvykl\u00fd vektor k doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed vakc\u00edn netop\u00fdr\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ve studii publikovan\u00e9 v \u010dasopise Science Advances v\u011bdci vyvinuli kom\u00e1ry, kte\u0159\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch slin\u00e1ch nesou imunitu proti vzteklin\u011b a vir\u016fm Nipah. Tato imunizace se p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e netop\u00fd\u0159i hmyz se\u017eerou nebo kdy\u017e hmyz \u0161t\u00edpne netop\u00fdry.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00e1vrh by mohl vy\u0159e\u0161it probl\u00e9m, kter\u00fd znepokojuje mnoho lid\u00ed: Jak o\u010dkovat l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edho savce, kter\u00fd \u010dasto \u017eije v jeskyn\u00edch s miliony jedinc\u016f sv\u00e9ho druhu, ani\u017e byste se vystavili nemocem, kter\u00e9 p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed?<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed to pova\u017euj\u00ed za v\u00fdznamnou v\u00fdzvu, proto\u017ee netop\u00fd\u0159i jsou nositeli \u0159ady nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdch patogen\u016f \u2013 od nipahu a vztekliny a\u017e po ebolu a n\u011bkter\u00e9 koronaviry. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee lid\u00e9 st\u00e1le v\u00edce zasahuj\u00ed do jejich stanovi\u0161\u0165, rostou obavy, \u017ee se nemoci budou \u010dast\u011bji \u0161\u00ed\u0159it na lidi a hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata. O\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed by mohlo pomoci sn\u00ed\u017eit riziko p\u0159enosu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eP\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 c\u00edlen\u00ed na netop\u00fdry, p\u0159irozen\u00e9 rezervo\u00e1ry t\u011bchto vir\u016f, je kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 pro prevenci p\u0159enosu vir\u016f a sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizik pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i a dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed, \u017ee konven\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstupy z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti selhaly.<\/span><\/p>\n

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed vakc\u00edny testovan\u00e9 na netop\u00fdrech chovan\u00fdch v zajet\u00ed se ve voln\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b neprok\u00e1zaly jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 a usmrcov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto zv\u00ed\u0159at \u2013 praktikovan\u00e9 v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech za \u00fa\u010delem kontroly vztekliny \u2013 m\u011blo dokonce negativn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinky. Naru\u0161ov\u00e1n\u00ed koloni\u00ed, po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a \u00fazk\u00fd kontakt mezi lidmi a netop\u00fdry pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161ily p\u0159enos viru.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010c\u00ednsk\u00fd v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm vyvinul vakc\u00ednu zalo\u017eenou na oslaben\u00e9 verzi viru vezikul\u00e1rn\u00ed stomatitidy (VSV), kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee infikovat hmyz i savce a je ji\u017e pou\u017eit ve schv\u00e1len\u00e9 vakc\u00edn\u011b proti ebole od spole\u010dnosti Merck.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pot\u00e9 vyvinuli dv\u011b inovativn\u00ed metody o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed netop\u00fdr\u016f proti viru Nipah a vzteklin\u011b \u2013 nemocem s \u00famrtnost\u00ed a\u017e 75 procent, respektive t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 100 procent.<\/span><\/p>\n

V prvn\u00ed metod\u011b v\u011bdci krmili kom\u00e1ra druhu Aedes aegypti krv\u00ed obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed vakc\u00ednu, kter\u00e1 se pot\u00e9 rozmno\u017eila v jeho slinn\u00fdch \u017el\u00e1z\u00e1ch. To umo\u017e\u0148uje p\u0159enos vakc\u00edny, kdy\u017e hmyz \u0161t\u00edpne netop\u00fdra nebo kdy\u017e netop\u00fdr hmyz se\u017eere.<\/span><\/p>\n

V laboratorn\u00edch experimentech si netop\u00fd\u0159i i my\u0161i vystaven\u00e9 t\u011bmto sterilizovan\u00fdm kom\u00e1r\u016fm s vakc\u00ednou vyvinuly neutraliza\u010dn\u00ed protil\u00e1tky proti ob\u011bma nemocem.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u011bdci tak\u00e9 provedli test na vzteklinu \u2013 v\u0161echna zv\u00ed\u0159ata vystaven\u00e1 viru p\u0159e\u017eila jinak smrtelnou infekci. S vakc\u00ednou Nipah to nedok\u00e1zali zopakovat, proto\u017ee nem\u011bli p\u0159\u00edstup do laborato\u0159e s vysokou \u00farovn\u00ed zabezpe\u010den\u00ed, ale vysv\u011btlili, \u017ee hladiny protil\u00e1tek byly srovnateln\u00e9.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eChceme prom\u011bnit kom\u00e1ra v n\u00e1stroj pro o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed,\u201c \u0159ekla NPR Aihua Zheng, virolo\u017eka z \u010c\u00ednsk\u00e9 akademie v\u011bd a spoluautorka studie. \u201eZ t\u011bchto v\u00fdsledk\u016f jsem docela nad\u0161en\u00e1.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Dodal v\u0161ak, \u017ee \u201eskute\u010dn\u00e1 pr\u00e1ce je slo\u017eit\u00e1\u201c a tento p\u0159\u00edstup by nefungoval v\u0161ude. T\u00fdm proto vyvinul i druhou metodu: or\u00e1ln\u00ed vakcinaci pomoc\u00ed nap\u00e1je\u010dek obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch soln\u00fd roztok, kter\u00fd netop\u00fdry l\u00e1k\u00e1.<\/span><\/p>\n

V laborato\u0159i si my\u0161i i netop\u00fd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed tento roztok konzumovali, vyvinuli neutraliza\u010dn\u00ed protil\u00e1tky.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTyto v\u00fdsledky demonstruj\u00ed flexibiln\u00ed, ekologicky orientovanou vakcina\u010dn\u00ed platformu pro imunizaci divok\u00fdch netop\u00fdr\u016f a nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lovatelnou strategii pro sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed rizika zoonotick\u00fdch p\u0159enos\u016f a z\u00e1rove\u0148 podporuj\u00ed ochranu netop\u00fdr\u016f,\u201c p\u00ed\u0161\u00ed auto\u0159i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci inovativn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd postup uv\u00edtali, mnoz\u00ed nejsou p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee by tento p\u0159\u00edstup mohl b\u00fdt v sou\u010dasn\u00e9m geopolitick\u00e9m kontextu zaveden nebo financov\u00e1n. Vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kom\u00e1r\u016f p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00edc\u00edch vakc\u00edny by vy\u017eadovalo rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 regula\u010dn\u00ed schv\u00e1len\u00ed a posouzen\u00ed dopad\u016f na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00ed poukazuj\u00ed na to, \u017ee o imunitn\u00edm syst\u00e9mu netop\u00fdr\u016f je zn\u00e1mo p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 m\u00e1lo na to, aby se dalo posoudit, zda dosa\u017een\u00e9 hladiny protil\u00e1tek poskytuj\u00ed dlouhodobou imunitu nebo zabra\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed vir\u016f. I kdy\u017e netop\u00fd\u0159i neonemocn\u00ed, st\u00e1le by mohli p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161et patogeny.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jin\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fd probl\u00e9m byl \u0161patn\u011b diagnostikov\u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eTechnicky vzato je to velmi inovativn\u00ed a p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, o tom nen\u00ed pochyb,\u201c \u0159ekl profesor Dr. Edward Holmes, evolu\u010dn\u00ed biolog a virolog z Univerzity v Sydney. \u201eMoje hlavn\u00ed obava je, \u017ee existuje tolik netop\u00fd\u0159\u00edch vir\u016f s tak vysokou prevalenc\u00ed a tak dynamick\u00fdm p\u0159enosem, \u017ee pochybuji, zda by to n\u011bkdy mohlo fungovat v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n

Dodal: \u201eJsem tak\u00e9 pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem nejsou netop\u00fd\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed tyto viry p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed po v\u011bky \u2013 ve skute\u010dnosti se jich jen velmi m\u00e1lo p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161\u00ed na \u010dlov\u011bka. Skute\u010dn\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm lid\u00e9 ni\u010d\u00ed biotopy a masivn\u011b zvy\u0161uj\u00ed riziko zoon\u00f3z, nap\u0159\u00edklad prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ko\u017ee\u0161inov\u00fdch farem a obchodu s divok\u00fdmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty. N\u00edzkotechnologick\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed by pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u011bla v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dopad.\u201c<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

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Zdroj<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

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\u0158\u00edkaj\u00ed tomu \u201eekologick\u00e9 o\u010dkov\u00e1n\u00ed\u201c, co\u017e je nar\u00e1\u017eka na dogma Jednoho zdrav\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho jsou lid\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":61017,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[30,2788,10834,213,1561],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103719"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103719"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103719\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/61017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103719"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103719"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103719"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}