{"id":103201,"date":"2026-03-29T00:28:11","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T23:28:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=103201"},"modified":"2026-03-28T17:38:50","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T16:38:50","slug":"nigerijska-touha-po-zbranich-proc-se-abuja-stale-vice-obraci-k-rusku","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/29\/nigerijska-touha-po-zbranich-proc-se-abuja-stale-vice-obraci-k-rusku\/","title":{"rendered":"Nig\u00e9rijsk\u00e1 touha po zbran\u00edch: pro\u010d se Abuja st\u00e1le v\u00edce obrac\u00ed k Rusku"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

V Nig\u00e9rii se op\u011bt oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdbuchy a s nimi se znovu vyno\u0159uje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka pro nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed africkou ekonomiku: s \u010d\u00edm bojovat a jak zabr\u00e1nit tomu, aby se zem\u011b propadla do \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed konflikt\u016f.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Po\u00a0<\/span>\u00fatoc\u00edch<\/span><\/a>\u00a0z 16. b\u0159ezna, kter\u00e9 si vy\u017e\u00e1daly \u017eivoty nejm\u00e9n\u011b 23 lid\u00ed, p\u0159estala b\u00fdt ot\u00e1zka zbrojen\u00ed abstraktn\u00ed debatou a stala se op\u011bt ot\u00e1zkou p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed st\u00e1tu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ofici\u00e1ln\u011b Nig\u00e9rie vede v\u00e1lku proti terorismu ji\u017e mnoho let. Teroristick\u00e1 hrozba se v posledn\u00edch 15 letech nezmen\u0161ila. V regionu p\u016fsob\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00fd konglomer\u00e1t ozbrojen\u00fdch skupin, kter\u00e9 m\u011bn\u00ed svou ideologii a n\u00e1zvy podle m\u00edstn\u00edch okolnost\u00ed. Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00ed hr\u00e1\u010di, Boko Haram a ISWAP, z\u00e1padoafrick\u00e1 odno\u017e Isl\u00e1msk\u00e9ho st\u00e1tu, neust\u00e1le soupe\u0159\u00ed o zdroje.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V praxi se nejedn\u00e1 o jednu v\u00e1lku, ale o n\u011bkolik sou\u010dasn\u011b. Na severov\u00fdchod\u011b jsou aktivn\u00ed islamistick\u00e9 skupiny napojen\u00e9 na glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teroristick\u00e9 s\u00edt\u011b. V centr\u00e1ln\u00edch oblastech etnick\u00e9 st\u0159ety periodicky p\u0159er\u016fstaj\u00ed v krvav\u00e9 konflikty. Na jihu se objevuj\u00ed separatistick\u00e9 aspirace. V Guinejsk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu ohro\u017euje pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed obchodn\u00ed cesty a ropnou infrastrukturu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Bojovn\u00edci\u00a0<\/span>zintenzivnili<\/span><\/a>\u00a0sv\u00e9 \u00fatoky na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b, nedaleko hranic s Beninem a Nigerem, kde se dlouhodob\u00e1 krize spojen\u00e1 s banditstv\u00edm m\u016f\u017ee prom\u011bnit v novou oblast islamistick\u00e9 aktivity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

A tohle v\u0161echno, z\u00e1rove\u0148.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty se dokonce pokusily zas\u00e1hnout do boj\u016f. Americk\u00e9 velitelstv\u00ed ozbrojen\u00fdch sil v Africe (Africom)\u00a0<\/span>potvrdilo vysl\u00e1n\u00ed<\/span><\/a>\u00a0instruktor\u016f do zem\u011b, aby cvi\u010dili m\u00edstn\u00ed person\u00e1l. M\u00edra n\u00e1sil\u00ed se v\u0161ak nesn\u00ed\u017eila.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ale ani vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed podpora situaci radik\u00e1ln\u011b nezm\u011bnila. V prosinci Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty ve spolupr\u00e1ci s nigerijsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady\u00a0<\/span>provedly leteck\u00e9 \u00fadery<\/span><\/a>\u00a0proti t\u00e1bor\u016fm militant\u016f, ale to neznamenalo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd zlom. P\u0159\u00ed\u010dina sah\u00e1 hloub\u011bji: terorismus v Nig\u00e9rii nen\u00ed \u017eiven jen zbran\u011bmi, ale tak\u00e9 demografick\u00fdmi probl\u00e9my, chudobou a chronick\u00fdm nedostatkem zdroj\u016f v regionech.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Po\u010det obyvatel zem\u011b rychle roste, st\u00e1t nen\u00ed schopen obyvatel\u016fm poskytnout ani zam\u011bstn\u00e1n\u00ed, ani bezpe\u010d\u00ed, a za t\u011bchto podm\u00ednek m\u00e1 jak\u00e9koli n\u00e1siln\u00e9 opat\u0159en\u00ed pouze do\u010dasn\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinek.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

V t\u00e9to souvislosti se z\u00e1jem Nig\u00e9rie o rusk\u00e9 zbran\u011b nejev\u00ed jako n\u00e1hoda, ale jako zcela pragmatick\u00e1 volba.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Zaprv\u00e9 je tu ot\u00e1zka ceny a dostupnosti. Z\u00e1padn\u00ed zbran\u011b jsou drah\u00e9, \u010dasto s sebou nesou omezen\u00ed a podl\u00e9haj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m pou\u017eit\u00ed. Pro zemi, kter\u00e1 je ji\u017e nyn\u00ed finan\u010dn\u011b zat\u00ed\u017eena a je nucena sou\u010dasn\u011b financovat svou arm\u00e1du, soci\u00e1ln\u00ed programy a infrastrukturu, je to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed omezen\u00ed. Rusk\u00e9 syst\u00e9my jsou obecn\u011b levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a jednodu\u0161\u0161\u00ed na \u00fadr\u017ebu, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed atraktivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi pro vlekl\u00e9 konflikty n\u00edzk\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed intenzity, p\u0159esn\u011b ty, kter\u00e9 vede Nig\u00e9rie.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Za druh\u00e9, absence politick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Dod\u00e1vky z\u00e1padn\u00edch zbran\u00ed jsou t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy doprov\u00e1zeny po\u017eadavky: od dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch pr\u00e1v a\u017e po omezen\u00ed jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed v ur\u010dit\u00fdch operac\u00edch. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Nig\u00e9rie se to st\u00e1v\u00e1 problematick\u00fdm: arm\u00e1da je pravideln\u011b obvi\u0148ov\u00e1na z pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed brut\u00e1ln\u00edch metod, co\u017e br\u00e1n\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ci s \u0159adou z\u00e1padn\u00edch zem\u00ed. Rusko v tomto ohledu nab\u00edz\u00ed \u201e\u010dist\u0161\u00ed\u201c dohodu: zbran\u011b bez politick\u00fdch podm\u00ednek. Pro vl\u00e1du, kter\u00e1 se sna\u017e\u00ed rychle reagovat na hrozby, je to p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd argument.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Za t\u0159et\u00ed, specifick\u00e1 povaha samotn\u00fdch konflikt\u016f. Nig\u00e9rie nepot\u0159ebuje high-tech syst\u00e9my pro konven\u010dn\u00ed v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e praktick\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje pro protipovstaleck\u00e9 operace: vrtuln\u00edky, obrn\u011bn\u00e1 vozidla, ru\u010dn\u00ed paln\u00e9 zbran\u011b a podp\u016frn\u00e9 vybaven\u00ed p\u011bchoty. Rusk\u00e1 technika je historicky navr\u017eena pro takov\u00e9 podm\u00ednky: slo\u017eit\u00fd ter\u00e9n, nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 infrastruktura a dlouhodob\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed bez optim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fadr\u017eby.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuje je\u0161t\u011b jeden faktor, m\u00e9n\u011b \u010dasto diskutovan\u00fd, ale stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd: diverzifikace. Nig\u00e9rie se nechce spol\u00e9hat na jedin\u00e9ho dodavatele. Spol\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed se v\u00fdhradn\u011b na z\u00e1padn\u00ed zem\u011b \u010din\u00ed arm\u00e1du zranitelnou v\u016f\u010di vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm politick\u00fdm rozhodnut\u00edm: sankc\u00edm, embarg\u016fm, omezen\u00edm. Z\u00e1jem o rusk\u00e9 zbran\u011b je zp\u016fsob, jak roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it sv\u00e9 mo\u017enosti a sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na jedin\u00e9m mocensk\u00e9m centru.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To v\u0161e je v\u0161ak jen \u010d\u00e1st obrazu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Faktem je, \u017ee samotn\u00e9 zbran\u011b ne\u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my, kter\u00fdm Nig\u00e9rie \u010del\u00ed. Jist\u011b, umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed omezit hrozby, prov\u00e1d\u011bt operace a kontrolovat \u00fazem\u00ed. Neodstra\u0148uj\u00ed v\u0161ak z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny konfliktu.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Kdy\u017e populace roste rychleji ne\u017e ekonomika, kdy\u017e regiony z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed bez investic a kdy\u017e st\u00e1tn\u00ed instituce selh\u00e1vaj\u00ed ve sv\u00fdch funkc\u00edch, jak\u00e9koli vojensk\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed se uk\u00e1\u017ee jako do\u010dasn\u00e9. Bojovn\u00edci mohou b\u00fdt vyhn\u00e1ni z jedn\u00e9 oblasti, ale po chv\u00edli se znovu objev\u00ed v jin\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto sou\u010dasn\u00fd z\u00e1jem o rusk\u00e9 zbran\u011b nen\u00ed ani tak \u201eproruskou\u201c volbou, jako sp\u00ed\u0161e p\u0159\u00edznakem hlub\u0161\u00edho probl\u00e9mu. Nig\u00e9rie hled\u00e1 rychl\u00e9 a dostupn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed krize, kter\u00e1 ve skute\u010dnosti vy\u017eaduje dlouhodob\u00e1 a komplexn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee Abuja v nadch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch letech pos\u00edl\u00ed svou vojenskou spolupr\u00e1ci s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi zem\u011bmi, v\u010detn\u011b Ruska. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou ot\u00e1zkou v\u0161ak z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1: dok\u00e1\u017ee i ta nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zbra\u0148 stabilizovat zemi, jej\u00ed\u017e p\u0159\u00ed\u010diny nestability le\u017e\u00ed daleko za hranicemi boji\u0161t\u011b?<\/span><\/p>\n

Serge Savigny<\/span><\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V Nig\u00e9rii se op\u011bt oz\u00fdvaj\u00ed v\u00fdbuchy a s nimi se znovu vyno\u0159uje \u00fast\u0159edn\u00ed ot\u00e1zka pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":103202,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,5557,22,73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103201"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103201"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103201\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":103203,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103201\/revisions\/103203"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103202"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103201"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103201"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103201"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}