{"id":103110,"date":"2026-03-28T00:29:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-27T23:29:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=103110"},"modified":"2026-03-28T03:55:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-28T02:55:17","slug":"jiri-jaros-nickelli-reparace-a-restituce-v-cr","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/28\/jiri-jaros-nickelli-reparace-a-restituce-v-cr\/","title":{"rendered":"Ji\u0159\u00ed Jaro\u0161 Nickelli: Reparace a restituce v \u010cR"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Ji\u017e mnohokr\u00e1te byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny dokumenty Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 repara\u010dn\u00ed dohody.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00e9n\u011bkr\u00e1t bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno zn\u011bn\u00ed dekret\u016f presidenta republiky a N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, ale bylo na n\u011b mnohokr\u00e1te pouk\u00e1z\u00e1no, a to nejen v\u00a0restituc\u00edch, ale i v\u00a0ot\u00e1zce odsunu\u00a0 a tzv. majetkov\u00fdch n\u00e1rok\u016f \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f alias Sudeton\u011bmc\u016f, je\u017e pr\u00e1vn\u00edmi n\u00e1roky\u00a0 z\u00a0podstaty nejsou.<\/p>\n

\u010cesk\u00e1 republika jako st\u00e1topr\u00e1vn\u00ed n\u00e1stupn\u00edk \u010cSR, \u010cSSR, \u010cSFR, je signat\u00e1\u0159em Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 repara\u010dn\u00ed dohody, jej\u00ed\u017e zn\u011bn\u00ed je zve\u0159ejn\u011bno v\u00a0platn\u00e9 Sb\u00edrce z\u00e1kon\u016f na\u0161\u00ed republiky.<\/p>\n

Nepravdy o tom, \u017ee pr\u00fd se republika \u201evzdala n\u00e1rok\u016f na reparace podle \u010cesko\u2013n\u011bmeck\u00e9 deklarace\u201c,\u00a0jsou pouh\u00e9 profesn\u00ed l\u017ei.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00edci n\u00e1s pou\u010duj\u00ed o z\u00e1sadn\u00edm rozd\u00edlu mezi deklaratorn\u00edm a konstitutivn\u00edm aktem. Podle toho deklarace jsou akty politick\u00fdmi, nezakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edmi n\u00e1roky pr\u00e1vn\u00ed. Jsou to tedy n\u00e1roky nevykonateln\u00e9 v\u00fdkonnou moc\u00ed st\u00e1tu. Zat\u00edmco konstitutivn\u00ed akty jsou akty napl\u0148ovan\u00e9 z\u00e1kony, smlouvami a mezist\u00e1tn\u00edmi dohodami a n\u00e1sledn\u011b v\u00fdkony st\u00e1tn\u00ed moci.<\/p>\n

Podle t\u00e9ho\u017e tedy \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, stejn\u011b jako nap\u0159\u00edklad Polsko nebo \u0158ecko, m\u00e1 nepominuteln\u00e9 a neproml\u010diteln\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9 reparace, kter\u00e9 pora\u017een\u00e9 N\u011bmecko doposud nesplnilo.<\/strong><\/p>\n

S t\u00edm souvis\u00ed i ot\u00e1zka takzvan\u00fdch protektor\u00e1tn\u00edch restituc\u00ed t\u011bch \u017eadatel\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed byli podle dekret\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1va st\u00e1tu zbaveni majetk\u016f, o kter\u00e9 se dnes hl\u00e1s\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u017eadatel\u016f c\u00edrkevn\u00edch.<\/p>\n

Toti\u017e v\u00a0Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 repara\u010dn\u00ed dohod\u011b\u00a0 je jednozna\u010dn\u011b\u00a0 kodifikov\u00e1no ustanoven\u00ed, \u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd n\u011bmeck\u00fd majetek se nesm\u00ed vr\u00e1tit zp\u011bt do n\u011bmeck\u00fdch rukou.\u00a0Tud\u00ed\u017e ani majetek t\u011bch, kdo\u017e se za okupace a ohro\u017een\u00ed republiky p\u0159ihl\u00e1sili k\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9mu velkon\u011bmectv\u00ed. Ji\u017e toho titulu by de facto \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 tzv. protektor\u00e1tn\u00ed restituce teoreticky nem\u011bly prob\u00edhat.<\/p>\n

Kde je tedy zakop\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edslove\u010dn\u00fd pes?<\/strong><\/p>\n

Je to \u2013 \u0159e\u010deno slovn\u00edkem Nejvy\u0161\u0161\u00edho soudu \u2013 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dojmu takzvan\u00fdmi restituenty \u2013 neplatnosti jejich zbaven\u00ed \u010ds. st\u00e1tn\u00edho ob\u010danstv\u00ed podle dekret\u016f. Prob\u00edhala a prob\u00edh\u00e1 \u0159ada tzv. restitu\u010dn\u00edch soud\u016f pr\u00e1v\u011b o neplatnost dekret\u00e1ln\u00edho postihu t\u011bchto tzv. restituent\u016f. Pro\u010d? Proto\u017ee jedin\u011b navr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010ds. ob\u010danstv\u00ed podle platn\u00e9ho dekret\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u00e1va umo\u017e\u0148uje zp\u011btn\u00e9 nab\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed majetk\u016f.\u00a0 Restituenti se sna\u017e\u00ed jak\u00fdmikoli zp\u016fsoby zpochybnit odebr\u00e1n\u00ed \u010ds. ob\u010danstv\u00ed, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed taktikou je obvin\u011bn\u00ed n\u011bmeck\u00e9 okupa\u010dn\u00ed moci z\u00a0tzv. n\u00e1tlaku na tyto\u00a0 p\u0159edky restituent\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se m\u011bli p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit k\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161skon\u011bmeck\u00e9mu rasov\u00e9mu ob\u010danstv\u00ed pod n\u00e1tlakem okupant\u016f.\u00a0V \u0159ad\u011b p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f je toto obvin\u011bn\u00ed III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161e z\u00a0n\u00e1tlaku na p\u0159edky restituent\u016f nejen nepodlo\u017een\u00e9, ale i pouze fabulovan\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u0158ad\u011b restituent\u016f se nezda\u0159ilo takov\u00fd n\u00e1tlak dokumenta\u010dn\u011b prok\u00e1zat.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zde toti\u017e mus\u00ed historikov\u00e9 nav\u00edc p\u0159ipomenout historick\u00e9 re\u00e1lie v\u00fdkonn\u00e9 moci III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. III. \u0159\u00ed\u0161e stanovila pro p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9mu rasov\u00e9mu ob\u010danstv\u00ed nutnou podm\u00ednku.<\/p>\n

Touto podm\u00ednkou byla naprost\u00e1 dobrovolnost \u017eadatel\u016f. Podle pokynu psan\u00e9ho v\u00a0t\u00e9to p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161ce byla tato dobrovolnost \u00fa\u0159edn\u011b vy\u017eadov\u00e1na. Ka\u017ed\u00fd \u017eadatel m\u011bl \u00fa\u0159edn\u00ed lh\u016ftu na rozmy\u0161len\u00ed dva t\u00fddny. A podle \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9ho z\u00e1konu o \u00fakladech proti stran\u011b a st\u00e1tu se jak\u00fdkoli inici\u00e1tor n\u00e1tlaku na \u017eadatele o \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed dopustil trestn\u00e9ho \u010dinu, za kter\u00fd n\u00e1sledovalo tzv. Sonderbehandlung (\u201eZvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed\u201c) \u010dili nejp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed potrest\u00e1n\u00ed sankcemi, v\u011bzen\u00edm i koncentra\u010dn\u00edm t\u00e1borem.<\/p>\n

V \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 restitu\u010dn\u00ed kauze, pokud je autoru t\u00e9to stati zn\u00e1mo, se nezda\u0159ilo prok\u00e1zat jak\u00fdkoli p\u0159\u00edm\u00fd osobn\u00ed n\u00e1tlak na \u017eadatele.<\/p>\n

Konstrukce n\u00e1tlaku v\u00a0jednotliv\u00fdch kauz\u00e1ch jsou podkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny \u010dasto pouze\u00a0 listinami adresovan\u00fdmi nap\u0159\u00edklad protektor\u00e1tn\u00edmu presidentu H\u00e1chovi, jen\u017e nem\u011bl\u00a0 kone\u010dnou v\u00fdkonnou moc \u2013 tu m\u011bl reichsprotektor. V\u00a0kauz\u00e1ch \u010dasto vystupuje protiklad st\u00ed\u017enost\u00ed na n\u00e1tlak na stran\u011b jedn\u00e9, a aktivizace \u017eadatel\u016f v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch organizac\u00edch na stran\u011b druh\u00e9. A pr\u00e1v\u011b tento rozpor byl p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou, pro\u010d vy\u0161et\u0159ovatel\u00e9 t\u011bchto osob po osvobozen\u00ed republiky odeb\u00edrali t\u011bmto osob\u00e1m \u010deskoslovensk\u00e9 ob\u010danstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n

Ji\u017e samotn\u00e9 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed se k\u00a0rasov\u00e9mu \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9mu ob\u010danstv\u00ed zakl\u00e1dalo nap\u0159. podle N\u00e1lezu \u00dastavn\u00edho soudu Colloredo\u2013Mansfeld z\u00a0r.2004 d\u016fvod k\u00a0odeb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010danstv\u00ed, proto\u017ee toto p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00ed k\u00a0\u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00e9mu privilegiu, kter\u00fd toto p\u0159edstavovalo\u00a0 \u2013 a \u017eadatel si je musel zaslou\u017eit! \u2013 znamenalo zradu \u010cSR v\u00a0dob\u011b tot\u00e1ln\u00edho ohro\u017een\u00ed st\u00e1tu a politiky germanizace.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

I tehdy, do\u0161lo\u2013li ke skute\u010dn\u00e9mu n\u00e1tlaku na \u017eadatele \u2013 o \u010dem\u017e se dodnes spekuluje v\u00a0n\u011bkolika p\u0159\u00edpadech \u2013 \u017eadatel nesm\u011bl svou kolaboraci navy\u0161ovat dal\u0161\u00edmi skutky \u2013 nap\u0159\u00edklad dary na wehrmacht,\u00a0 \u010dlenstv\u00edm v\u00a0n\u011bmeck\u00fdch nacistick\u00fdch organizac\u00edch, p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n\u00edm nacistick\u00fdch vyznamen\u00e1n\u00ed, jako byl nap\u0159\u00edklad Mutterkreuz, kter\u00fd zaji\u0161toval privilegia nositelky v\u00a0p\u0159\u00edd\u011blech \u017eivotn\u00edch pot\u0159eb a finan\u010dn\u00edch \u00fav\u011brech \u0159\u00ed\u0161sk\u00fdch bank v\u00a0dob\u011b, kdy neprivilegovan\u00ed \u010ce\u0161i trp\u011bli p\u0159\u00ed\u0161ern\u00fdm str\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm a vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00edm v\u00a0koncentr\u00e1c\u00edch a dal\u0161\u00edch velkon\u011bmeck\u00fdch mu\u010d\u00edrn\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f jak Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e1 repara\u010dn\u00ed dohoda, tak dekrety presidenta a N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed, jsou ve vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9m souladu, a konfiskace majetku\u00a0 p\u0159ihl\u00e1\u0161en\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u016f, Ma\u010far\u016f, zr\u00e1dc\u016f, kolaborant\u016f, gardist\u016f a osob se Svatov\u00e1clavskou orlici \u2013 co\u017e byl okruh osob vy\u0161et\u0159ovan\u00fdch dekrety \u2013 byla jednou prov\u017edy pr\u00e1voplatn\u00e1 a nelze ji ru\u0161it \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fdmi dodate\u010dn\u00fdmi akty.<\/p>\n

Nyn\u00ed ji\u017e je snad jasno, pro\u010d landsman\u00e9 a n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed i rakou\u0161t\u00ed zainteresovan\u00ed politikov\u00e9 tak \u00fato\u010d\u00ed politicky na dekrety presidenta republiky a N\u00e1rodn\u00edho shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed. Pro\u010d vyvol\u00e1vaj\u00ed dojem jak\u00e9si \u201edekret\u00e1ln\u00ed skvrny na evropsk\u00e9m pr\u00e1vu\u201c, co\u017e\u00a0 s\u00e1m Evropsk\u00fd soud v\u00a0Luxemburgu jednozna\u010dn\u011b odm\u00edtl. Pro\u010d se landsman\u00e9 a vysoc\u00ed n\u011bme\u010dt\u00ed politici, jako byla kancl\u00e9\u0159ka madam Merkelov\u00e1, ozna\u010duj\u00ed dekrety za jak\u00e9si \u201efaux pas na neboh\u00fdch\u201c \u010deskoslovensk\u00fdch N\u011bmc\u00edch alias Sudeton\u011bmc\u00edch. Pro\u010d neust\u00e1le vym\u00fd\u0161lej\u00ed pov\u011bsti o \u201emasakrech p\u0159i odsunu\u201c a pro\u010d monot\u00f3nn\u011b opakuj\u00ed l\u017eivou mantru o tzv. poho\u0159elick\u00e9m Totentanzu\u201c, kter\u00fd ve skute\u010dnosti nikdy nebyl \u201etancem mrtv\u00fdch\u201c.<\/p>\n

D\u016fvodem, pro\u010d se toto v\u0161e ji\u017e t\u0159icet let odehr\u00e1v\u00e1 proti z\u00e1konn\u00fdm pov\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdm akt\u016fm, proti Postupimsk\u00e9mu protokolu, proti Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 repara\u010dn\u00ed dohod\u011b, proti dekret\u016fm republiky, je krom jin\u00e9ho t\u00e9\u017e doslova alibistick\u00e1, n\u011bkdy a\u017e \u2013 nekorektn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno \u2013 kolaborantsk\u00e1 pozice na\u0161ich vl\u00e1d k\u00a0reparac\u00edm, k\u00a0restituc\u00edm k\u00a0samotn\u00e9mu odsunu, zapo\u010dat\u00e1 protin\u00e1rodn\u00ed omluvou presidenta Havla tzv. Sudeton\u011bmc\u016fm, a d\u00e1le oso\u010den\u00edm presidenta Bene\u0161e kn\u00ed\u017eetem, jakoby Bene\u0161 m\u011bl v\u00a0modern\u00ed dob\u011b st\u00e1t p\u0159ed Haagsk\u00fdm soudem. To jsou akty vysok\u00fdch \u010dinitel\u016f st\u00e1tu, kter\u00e9 v\u00a0d\u011bjin\u00e1ch republiky nemaj\u00ed obdoby nejen od roku 1945,ale od roku 1918.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

Pora\u017eeneck\u00fd postoj k\u00a0reparac\u00edm pak na\u0161e vl\u00e1dy zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed cel\u00fdch t\u0159icet let, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed jako mantru odm\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed poukaz pr\u00e1v\u011b na tzv. \u010cesko\u2013n\u011bmeckou deklaraci, jej\u00ed\u017e formulace jsou, m\u00edrn\u011b \u0159e\u010deno, kontroverzn\u00ed a zakl\u00e1daj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 myln\u00e9 konotace, a nav\u00edc jako politick\u00fd akt nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou pr\u00e1vn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dinnost.<\/p>\n

Z t\u011bchto d\u016fvod\u016f se \u010cesk\u00e1 republika nesm\u00ed vzd\u00e1vat v\u00a0\u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9m p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b reparac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 N\u011bmecko nikdy neplnilo, stejn\u011b jako Polsko nebo \u0158ecko. A ji\u017e d\u00e1vno m\u011bla novelizovat restitu\u010dn\u00ed z\u00e1kon zp\u011bt ke hranici roku 1948. Dosavadn\u00ed novela, prosazen\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edvr\u017eenci restituc\u00ed, jen po\u0161kodila republiku a nav\u00edc zalo\u017eila v\u00a0tis\u00edc\u00edch po\u0161kozen\u00fdch opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00e9 pocity nenapraviteln\u00fdch k\u0159ivd p\u00e1chan\u00fdch st\u00e1tem. Pokud nov\u00e1 vl\u00e1da setrv\u00e1 v\u00a0t\u011bchto lokajsk\u00fdch trendech, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ivodily republice a ob\u010danstvu nesm\u00edrn\u00e9 \u0161kody, p\u0159i\u010din\u00ed se\u00a0 pomalu, ale jist\u011b o svou vlastn\u00ed\u00a0 por\u00e1\u017eku.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ji\u0159\u00ed Jaro\u0161 Nickelli<\/a>, Spole\u010dnost Ludv\u00edka Svobody Brno<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ji\u017e mnohokr\u00e1te byly zve\u0159ejn\u011bny dokumenty Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017esk\u00e9 repara\u010dn\u00ed dohody. M\u00e9n\u011bkr\u00e1t bylo zve\u0159ejn\u011bno zn\u011bn\u00ed dekret\u016f presidenta republiky…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":103111,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[6],"tags":[1042,1503,1715,4588],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103110"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103110"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/103110\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/103111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103110"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=103110"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=103110"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}