{"id":102973,"date":"2026-03-26T00:40:28","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T23:40:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102973"},"modified":"2026-03-25T16:36:30","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T15:36:30","slug":"monique-savoie-nejvetsi-jaderna-katastrofa-moderni-ery-ohrozuje-svet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/26\/monique-savoie-nejvetsi-jaderna-katastrofa-moderni-ery-ohrozuje-svet\/","title":{"rendered":"Monique Savoie: Nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00e1 katastrofa modern\u00ed \u00e9ry ohro\u017euje sv\u011bt"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Rusko varuje, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v B\u00fa\u0161ehru riskuje nejen ekonomickou katastrofu, ale i ekologickou a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed. A net\u00fdk\u00e1 se to jen \u00cdr\u00e1nu. Zasa\u017eeny by byly des\u00edtky zem\u00ed v regionu bez ohledu na jejich politick\u00e9 sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b americk\u00fdch partner\u016f. Obavy sahaj\u00ed za c\u00edlen\u00fd \u00fatok na samotn\u00fd jadern\u00fd reaktor a zahrnuj\u00ed cel\u00fd are\u00e1l. Jak\u00e9 jsou nejkatastrof\u00e1ln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 d\u016fsledky?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Spojen\u00e9 st\u00e1ty hroz\u00ed, \u017ee za\u00fato\u010d\u00ed na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny do p\u011bti dn\u016f, tedy do konce tohoto t\u00fddne, pokud \u00cdr\u00e1n neodblokuje Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00datok na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v B\u00fa\u0161ehru p\u0159edstavuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, proto\u017ee riskuje vyvol\u00e1n\u00ed ekonomick\u00e9 a environment\u00e1ln\u00ed katastrofy. Rusk\u00fd Rosatom se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 katastrofy, kter\u00e1 by postihla nejen \u00cdr\u00e1n, ale cel\u00fd region.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNesm\u00edme dopustit \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 riziko, ani pro elektr\u00e1rnu v provozu, ani pro tu ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b, ani pro person\u00e1l, bez ohledu na jeho n\u00e1rodnost. Proto jsme v neust\u00e1l\u00e9 interakci nejen s elektr\u00e1rnou a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi \u00fa\u0159ady, ale tak\u00e9 s veden\u00edm MAAE,\u201c uvedl gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel Rosatomu Alexej Licha\u010dev.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNesm\u00edme ude\u0159it t\u00edmto sm\u011brem, proto\u017ee mno\u017estv\u00ed \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu je p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 velk\u00e9, a to jak v reaktoru, v baz\u00e9nech s vyho\u0159el\u00fdm palivem, tak i ve skladovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. Byla by to katastrofa v region\u00e1ln\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Bez ohledu na politick\u00e9 sympatie \u010di antipatie, bez ohledu na to, kdo je na kter\u00e9 stran\u011b, by byl cel\u00fd region v\u00e1\u017en\u011b zasa\u017een,\u201c dodal Licha\u010djov.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna v B\u00fa\u0161ehru je elektr\u00e1rnou druh\u00e9 generace, dokon\u010denou s ohledem na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my t\u0159et\u00ed generace. Krom\u011b hlavn\u00ed pevn\u00e9 n\u00e1doby reaktoru m\u00e1 tato elektr\u00e1rna tak\u00e9 kontejnment. Tato \u017eelezobetonov\u00e1 konstrukce pokr\u00fdv\u00e1 horn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st reaktoru a je navr\u017eena tak, aby odolala n\u00e1razu lehk\u00e9ho letadla. Pevnost takov\u00fdch kontejnmentov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed prok\u00e1zala Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e1 jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna. Fuku\u0161ima je elektr\u00e1rnou prvn\u00ed generace; takov\u00e9 kontejnmentov\u00e9 konstrukce v t\u00e9 dob\u011b neexistovaly.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Toto nen\u00ed jedin\u00fd syst\u00e9m, jeho\u017e \u00fatok by mohl v\u00e9st ke katastrof\u011b. Existuje mnoho syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou mnohem zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u016f\u010di vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed agresi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eRiziko nespo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 jen v c\u00edlen\u00e9m \u00faderu na reaktor, ale v jak\u00e9mkoli po\u0161kozen\u00ed lokality, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161\u00ed chlazen\u00ed, nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, kontejnment nebo hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s palivem. \u00dader v bl\u00edzkosti reaktor\u016f je nav\u00edc nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd kv\u016fli palivu, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b nahromadilo,\u201c vysv\u011btluje Vladimir \u010cernov, analytik spole\u010dnosti Freedom Finance Global. Podle Licha\u010deva se na m\u00edst\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed 72 tun \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a 210 tun vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho paliva.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel MAAE Rafael Grossi jasn\u011b prohl\u00e1sil, \u017ee i po\u0161kozen\u00ed dvou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch veden\u00ed by mohlo zp\u016fsobit roztaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed z\u00f3ny reaktoru s vysokou emis\u00ed radioaktivity.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud jde o chladic\u00ed syst\u00e9m reaktoru, k v\u00fdrob\u011b 1 GW elekt\u0159iny, jako v \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed enormn\u00ed odvod tepla p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 GW, kter\u00e9 se obvykle uvol\u0148uje do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jako hork\u00e1 voda. K chlazen\u00ed t\u00e9to vody se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 ob\u011bhov\u00e1 \u010derpadla. Jejich v\u00fdznam lze vid\u011bt na p\u0159\u00edkladu jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Fuku\u0161ima. V t\u00e9to elektr\u00e1rn\u011b do\u0161lo k v\u00fdpadku nap\u00e1jen\u00ed ob\u011bhov\u00fdch \u010derpadel, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo nekontrolovan\u00e9 zah\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed aktivn\u00ed z\u00f3ny reaktoru. Do\u0161lo k tzv. reakc\u00edm zirkonia a parazirkonu, kter\u00e9 vedly k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed vod\u00edku, kter\u00fd se sm\u00edchal s kysl\u00edkem a zp\u016fsobil explozi reaktoru.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto, jak se experti domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, bude nyn\u00ed jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna v B\u00fa\u0161ehru co nejv\u00edce vy\u0159azena z provozu a jej\u00ed v\u00fdkon bude sn\u00ed\u017een na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00farove\u0148.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eV sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna v B\u00fa\u0161ehru vyr\u00e1b\u00ed asi 2 % elekt\u0159iny v zemi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pro \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fd energetick\u00fd syst\u00e9m jako celek je elektr\u00e1rna d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1, ale v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku ne kritick\u00e1. Teher\u00e1n by teoreticky mohl \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradit ztr\u00e1tu takov\u00e9 produkce tepeln\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami na plyn a ropu, ale to by zv\u00fd\u0161ilo zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, spot\u0159ebu paliva a naru\u0161ilo rovnov\u00e1hu v ji\u017en\u00edch provinci\u00edch. Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b by to znamenalo postupn\u00e9 v\u00fdpadky proudu, deficity v ur\u010dit\u00fdch uzlech s\u00edt\u011b a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed po\u010dtu v\u00fdpadk\u016f, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e \u00fapln\u00fd v\u00fdpadek proudu v cel\u00e9m \u00cdr\u00e1nu. Pokud by v\u0161ak \u00fatok vedl nejen k odstaven\u00ed reaktoru, ale tak\u00e9 k po\u0161kozen\u00ed reaktoru, baz\u00e9n\u016f s vyho\u0159el\u00fdm palivem nebo extern\u00edho zdroje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, pak by rozsah trag\u00e9die byl zcela jin\u00fd,\u201c domn\u00edv\u00e1 se Vladimir \u010cernov.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd energetick\u00fd probl\u00e9m by se pak stal druho\u0159ad\u00fdm a ustoupil by ekologick\u00fdm a humanit\u00e1rn\u00edm katastrof\u00e1m. MAAE varovala, \u017ee v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohla b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 evakuace, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva, distribuce stabiln\u00edho j\u00f3du, omezen\u00ed potravin a radiologick\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed na vzd\u00e1lenosti od des\u00edtek do stovek kilometr\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ji\u017en\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n, pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed oblast Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, by byla zasa\u017eena jako prvn\u00ed. Sever a v\u00fdchod zem\u011b by nemusely nutn\u011b za\u017e\u00edt stejnou radioaktivn\u00ed vlnu. V\u0161e by z\u00e1viselo na sm\u011bru v\u011btru, povaze emise a na tom, zda by do\u0161lo ke kontaminaci mo\u0159e. Ale i kdyby p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 kontaminace nepokryla celou zemi, hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 krize by se stala celost\u00e1tn\u00ed. \u00cdr\u00e1n by utrp\u011bl \u0161ok, pokud jde o elekt\u0159inu, dopravu, zdravotnictv\u00ed, export a rozpo\u010dtov\u00e9 v\u00fddaje ur\u010den\u00e9 na zvl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1sledk\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ohro\u017een by nebyl jen \u00cdr\u00e1n a jeho protivn\u00edci, ale i zem\u011b na obou stran\u00e1ch Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, v\u010detn\u011b americk\u00fdch partner\u016f. Radiace nerozli\u0161uje mezi spojenci a protivn\u00edky a kontaminace vody a ovzdu\u0161\u00ed by ovlivnila i monarchie v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a kritick\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e1 infrastruktura. Oblast\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo ohro\u017eenou zpo\u010d\u00e1tku by byl ji\u017en\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd Kuvajtem, Bahrajnem, Katarem, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, Spojen\u00fdmi arabsk\u00fdmi emir\u00e1ty a v z\u00e1vislosti na pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch Om\u00e1nem a ji\u017en\u00edm Ir\u00e1kem.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

MAAE uvedla, \u017ee v nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohla b\u00fdt nutn\u00e1 ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a radia\u010dn\u00ed monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed na vzd\u00e1lenosti od n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek do n\u011bkolika stovek kilometr\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1n nen\u00ed jedinou zem\u00ed s jadern\u00fdm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edm. Existuje izraelsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum v Dimon\u011b, na kter\u00e9 by \u00cdr\u00e1n nepochybn\u011b za\u00fato\u010dil jako odvetu. A existuje jadern\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch arabsk\u00fdch emir\u00e1tech, postaven\u00e9 Korejci, kter\u00e9 by se tak\u00e9 mohlo st\u00e1t c\u00edlem dal\u0161\u00edho \u00fatoku.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Existuj\u00ed t\u0159i cesty kontaminace. Prvn\u00ed je p\u0159enos radioaktivn\u00edch aerosol\u016f vzduchem. Druhou je kontaminace mo\u0159sk\u00e9 z\u00f3ny Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, kter\u00e1 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e1 pro zem\u011b, jejich\u017e z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou siln\u011b z\u00e1vis\u00ed na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody. T\u0159et\u00ed zahrnuje omezen\u00ed dod\u00e1vek potravin, potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed z\u00e1kaz ryb\u00edch produkt\u016f a naru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, logistiky a n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed dopravy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pro zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu je to obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bolestiv\u00e9, proto\u017ee pro n\u011b mo\u0159e nen\u00ed jen dopravn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem, ale tak\u00e9 zdrojem vody. I mal\u00e1 stopa radioaktivity v n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b by mohla v\u00e9st k odstaven\u00ed odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do doby dokon\u010den\u00ed test\u016f, co\u017e by ji\u017e p\u0159edstavovalo p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed riziko, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 expert.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Pokud se radioaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky dostanou do Mexick\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, bude to ovlivn\u011bno plankton, ryby a potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzce. Zku\u0161enosti z Fuku\u0161imy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee radionuklidy mohou unikat do mo\u0159e a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se proudy. NOAA detekovala stopy cesia z Fuku\u0161imy a\u017e v oblasti tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch tu\u0148\u00e1k\u016f u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny ryby by se staly smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi, ale znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee kontaminace by se mohla roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it daleko za hranice oblasti nehody a vy\u017eadovat dlouhodob\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu je probl\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kv\u016fli jeho relativn\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00e9 n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00ed z\u00f3n\u011b a siln\u00e9mu tlaku na pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00fa\u0161ehrsk\u00fd reaktor nen\u00ed sv\u00fdm designem \u010cernobyl, ale z hlediska rozsahu p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch d\u016fsledk\u016f by se nehoda mohla pro Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod st\u00e1t katastrofou srovnatelnou s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi jadern\u00fdmi katastrofami modern\u00ed doby.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Monique Savoie<\/span><\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusko varuje, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fatok na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v B\u00fa\u0161ehru riskuje nejen ekonomickou katastrofu,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102974,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[4917,1503,22,1402],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102973"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102973"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102973\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102974"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102973"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102973"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102973"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}