{"id":102928,"date":"2026-03-29T00:15:07","date_gmt":"2026-03-28T23:15:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/?p=102928"},"modified":"2026-03-25T06:38:20","modified_gmt":"2026-03-25T05:38:20","slug":"svet-celi-nejvetsi-jaderne-katastrofe-moderni-doby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/2026\/03\/29\/svet-celi-nejvetsi-jaderne-katastrofe-moderni-doby\/","title":{"rendered":"Sv\u011bt \u010del\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jadern\u00e9 katastrof\u011b modern\u00ed doby"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div>\n

Rusko varuje, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fader na \u00edr\u00e1nskou jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu B\u00fa\u0161ehr p\u0159edstavuje nejen ekonomickou, ale tak\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00ed a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofu. A v s\u00e1zce nen\u00ed jen \u00cdr\u00e1n. Zasa\u017eeny by byly des\u00edtky zem\u00ed v regionu bez ohledu na jejich politick\u00e9 sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b americk\u00fdch partner\u016f. Obavy se net\u00fdkaj\u00ed jen c\u00edlen\u00e9ho \u00faderu na jadern\u00fd reaktor, ale cel\u00e9ho za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed. Jak\u00e9 jsou nejhor\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstaviteln\u00e9 d\u016fsledky?<\/span><\/h4>\n
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USA hroz\u00ed \u00fatokem na \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny do p\u011bti dn\u016f, tedy do konce tohoto t\u00fddne, pokud Isl\u00e1msk\u00e1 republika neodblokuje Hormuzsk\u00fd pr\u016fliv.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00dader na \u00edr\u00e1nskou jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu B\u00fa\u0161ehr p\u0159edstavuje zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed a hroz\u00ed ekonomickou a ekologickou katastrofou. Rusk\u00fd Rosatom se ob\u00e1v\u00e1 jadern\u00e9 katastrofy, kter\u00e1 by po\u0161kodila nejen \u00cdr\u00e1n, ale cel\u00fd region.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eMus\u00edme nyn\u00ed bit\u00ed na poplach, proto\u017ee \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 riziko nelze tolerovat, a\u0165 u\u017e pro st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed elektr\u00e1rnu, tu ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b, nebo pro person\u00e1l, bez ohledu na n\u00e1rodnost. Proto jsme v neust\u00e1l\u00e9 komunikaci nejen s elektr\u00e1rnou a \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00fdm veden\u00edm, ale tak\u00e9 s MAAE,\u201c uvedl gener\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159editel st\u00e1tn\u00ed korporace Rosatom Alexej Licha\u010dev a zd\u016fraznil, \u017ee takov\u00e1 rizika nelze tolerovat.<\/span>\u201eFaktem je, \u017ee v z\u00e1sad\u011b nem\u016f\u017eeme \u00fato\u010dit t\u00edmto sm\u011brem, v\u00edte, nem\u016f\u017eeme \u00fato\u010dit t\u00edmto sm\u011brem, proto\u017ee je tam p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 mnoho \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu, a to jak v reaktoru, tak v baz\u00e9nech s vyho\u0159el\u00fdm palivem a skladovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch. To by byla, znovu zd\u016fraz\u0148uji, katastrofa region\u00e1ln\u00edho rozsahu a nikdo by nebyl u\u0161et\u0159en. Bez ohledu na politick\u00e9 sympatie nebo antipatie, bez ohledu na to, kdo proti komu stoj\u00ed, by cel\u00fd region v\u00e1\u017en\u011b trp\u011bl,\u201c prohl\u00e1sil Licha\u010dev.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna v B\u00fa\u0161ehru je elektr\u00e1rna druh\u00e9 generace, kter\u00e1 byla dokon\u010dena s ohledem na bezpe\u010dnostn\u00ed syst\u00e9my t\u0159et\u00ed generace. \u201eNa jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b m\u00e1 tato elektr\u00e1rna krom\u011b hlavn\u00ed tlakov\u00e9 n\u00e1doby reaktoru tzv. kontejnment neboli kontejner. Jedn\u00e1 se o \u017eelezobetonov\u00fd pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165, kter\u00fd reaktor zakr\u00fdv\u00e1 a je navr\u017een tak, aby odolal n\u00e1razu lehk\u00e9ho letadla. Odolnost takov\u00fdch kontejnment\u016f byla jasn\u011b demonstrov\u00e1na na p\u0159\u00edkladu Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Alexej Anpilogov, prezident Nadace pro podporu v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a rozvoje ob\u010dansk\u00fdch iniciativ \u201eOsnovanie\u201c.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nap\u0159\u00edklad ve Fuku\u0161im\u011b, elektr\u00e1rn\u011b prvn\u00ed generace, takov\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 n\u00e1doby nebyly. Pokud by v\u0161ak do\u0161lo k \u00famysln\u00e9mu proniknut\u00ed, pevnost tepeln\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 n\u00e1doby by byla zni\u010dena, co\u017e by vedlo k radioaktivn\u00edmu \u00faniku, \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 expert. Nikdo samoz\u0159ejm\u011b nepl\u00e1noval, \u017ee by tyto ochrann\u00e9 n\u00e1doby byly vystaveny vysoce explozivn\u00edm leteck\u00fdm \u00fader\u016fm.<\/span><\/p>\n

A nen\u00ed to jedin\u00fd syst\u00e9m, jeho\u017e dopad by mohl v\u00e9st ke katastrof\u011b. Existuje mnoho syst\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou mnohem citliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed na vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed vlivy.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eRiziko se neomezuje pouze na p\u0159esn\u00fd z\u00e1sah do reaktoru, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e na jak\u00e9koli po\u0161kozen\u00ed lokality, kter\u00e9 naru\u0161\u00ed chlazen\u00ed, nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, kontejnment nebo manipulaci s palivem. \u00datok v bl\u00edzkosti reaktor\u016f je nav\u00edc nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd kv\u016fli palivu, kter\u00e9 se ji\u017e na m\u00edst\u011b nahromadilo,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Vladimir \u010cernov, analytik spole\u010dnosti Freedom Finance Global. Podle Licha\u010deva se v lokalit\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00ed 72 tun \u0161t\u011bpn\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu a 210 tun vyho\u0159el\u00e9ho jadern\u00e9ho paliva.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0160\u00e9f MAAE p\u0159\u00edmo uvedl, \u017ee i po\u0161kozen\u00ed dvou vn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch elektrick\u00fdch veden\u00ed by mohlo zp\u016fsobit roztaven\u00ed aktivn\u00ed z\u00f3ny s vysok\u00fdm \u00fanikem radioaktivity.<\/span><\/p>\n

Anpilogov uv\u00e1d\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad chladic\u00edho syst\u00e9mu reaktoru. Vysv\u011btluje, \u017ee v\u00fdroba 1 gigawattu elekt\u0159iny, podobn\u011b jako v \u00edr\u00e1nsk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b, vy\u017eaduje masivn\u00ed tepeln\u00fd v\u00fdkon p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 4 gigawatty, kter\u00fd se obvykle uvol\u0148uje do \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jako tepl\u00e1 voda. K chlazen\u00ed t\u00e9to vody se pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed v\u00fdkonn\u00e1 ob\u011bhov\u00e1 \u010derpadla. V\u00fdznam t\u011bchto \u010derpadel je patrn\u00fd na p\u0159\u00edkladu jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rny Fuku\u0161ima. V t\u00e9to elektr\u00e1rn\u011b do\u0161lo k v\u00fdpadku proudu do ob\u011bhov\u00fdch \u010derpadel, co\u017e vedlo k nekontrolovan\u00e9mu oh\u0159evu aktivn\u00ed z\u00f3ny reaktoru. Do\u0161lo k tzv. parazirkoniov\u00fdm reakc\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vedly k uvoln\u011bn\u00ed vod\u00edku a jeho sm\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed s kysl\u00edkem, co\u017e zp\u016fsobilo explozi reaktoru, vysv\u011btluje Anpilogov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle n\u011bj se pr\u00e1v\u011b toho ob\u00e1v\u00e1me \u2013 ztr\u00e1ty chlazen\u00ed \u2013 v Z\u00e1poro\u017esk\u00e9 jadern\u00e9 elektr\u00e1rn\u011b, kter\u00e1 byla sn\u00ed\u017eena na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdkon, proto\u017ee provoz na pln\u00fd v\u00fdkon za bojov\u00fdch podm\u00ednek je extr\u00e9mn\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pr\u00e1v\u011b proto expert p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee jadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna B\u00fa\u0161ehr nyn\u00ed za\u010dne b\u00fdt maxim\u00e1ln\u011b odleh\u010dov\u00e1na a sni\u017eov\u00e1na na minim\u00e1ln\u00ed kapacitu.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eJadern\u00e1 elektr\u00e1rna v B\u00fa\u0161ehru v sou\u010dasnosti vyr\u00e1b\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2 % elekt\u0159iny v zemi. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee elektr\u00e1rna je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 pro celkovou \u00edr\u00e1nskou energetickou s\u00ed\u0165, ale v celost\u00e1tn\u00edm m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku nen\u00ed kritick\u00e1. Teher\u00e1n by teoreticky mohl \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b nahradit ztr\u00e1tu t\u00e9to v\u00fdroby tepeln\u00fdmi elektr\u00e1rnami na plyn a ropu, ale to by zv\u00fd\u0161ilo zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed s\u00edt\u011b, spot\u0159ebu paliva a zhor\u0161ilo rovnov\u00e1hu v ji\u017en\u00edch provinci\u00edch. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se v\u0161ak budeme bavit o postupn\u00fdch omezen\u00edch, nedostatku v jednotliv\u00fdch uzlech s\u00edt\u011b a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 nehodovosti, sp\u00ed\u0161e ne\u017e o \u00fapln\u00e9m v\u00fdpadku proudu v cel\u00e9m \u00cdr\u00e1nu. Pokud by v\u0161ak st\u00e1vka vedla nejen k odstaven\u00ed bloku, ale i k po\u0161kozen\u00ed reaktoru, baz\u00e9n\u016f s vyho\u0159el\u00fdm palivem nebo extern\u00edho zdroje nap\u00e1jen\u00ed, byla by to trag\u00e9die zcela jin\u00e9ho rozsahu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Vladimir \u010cernov, analytik spole\u010dnosti Freedom Finance Global.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cdr\u00e1nsk\u00fd energetick\u00fd probl\u00e9m by pak ustoupil do pozad\u00ed, zat\u00edmco do centra pozornosti by se dostaly environment\u00e1ln\u00ed a humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed katastrofy. MAAE varovala, \u017ee takov\u00fd sc\u00e9n\u00e1\u0159 by mohl vy\u017eadovat evakuaci, ubytov\u00e1n\u00ed obyvatelstva, distribuci stabiln\u00edho j\u00f3du, omezen\u00ed potravin a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed radiace na vzd\u00e1lenosti od n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek do n\u011bkolika set kilometr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

Podle \u010cernova bude ji\u017en\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n, pod\u00e9l pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, posti\u017een jako prvn\u00ed. \u201eSever a v\u00fdchod zem\u011b nemus\u00ed nutn\u011b za\u017e\u00edt stejn\u00fd radia\u010dn\u00ed dopad. V\u0161e bude z\u00e1viset na sm\u011bru v\u011btru, povaze emise a na tom, zda bylo mo\u0159e kontaminov\u00e1no. Ale i kdy\u017e p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 kontaminace neovlivn\u00ed celou zemi, ekonomick\u00e1 krize bude celost\u00e1tn\u00ed. \u00cdr\u00e1n utrp\u00ed \u0161kody na elekt\u0159in\u011b, doprav\u011b, zdravotnictv\u00ed, exportu a rozpo\u010dtov\u00fdch v\u00fddaj\u00edch na sanaci,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010cernov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Licha\u010dev z\u00e1rove\u0148 nep\u0159eh\u00e1n\u00ed, kdy\u017e \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee cel\u00fd region bude trp\u011bt.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eSamoz\u0159ejm\u011b, \u017ee cel\u00fd region bude trp\u011bt, proto\u017ee vzdu\u0161n\u00e9 masy neznaj\u00ed hranice, nemohou b\u00fdt zastaveny celn\u00edky a stanice se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v t\u011bsn\u00e9 bl\u00edzkosti Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu a zem\u00ed, jako je Kuvajt, Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty atd.\u201c<\/span>– Anpilogov souhlas\u00ed.<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eV ohro\u017een\u00ed nen\u00ed jen \u00cdr\u00e1n a jeho protivn\u00edci, ale i zem\u011b na obou stran\u00e1ch Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, v\u010detn\u011b americk\u00fdch partner\u016f. Radiace nerozli\u0161uje mezi spojenci a protivn\u00edky a zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vody a ovzdu\u0161\u00ed zas\u00e1hne i monarchie v Persk\u00e9m z\u00e1livu, kde se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed americk\u00e9 z\u00e1kladny a kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 ropn\u00e1 a plyn\u00e1rensk\u00e1 infrastruktura. Mezi nejv\u00edce ohro\u017een\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed ji\u017en\u00ed \u00cdr\u00e1n, n\u00e1sledovan\u00fd Kuvajtem, Bahrajnem, Katarem, v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Sa\u00fadskou Ar\u00e1bi\u00ed, SAE a v z\u00e1vislosti na pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch Om\u00e1nem a ji\u017en\u00edm Ir\u00e1kem,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010cernov.<\/span><\/p>\n

MAAE uvedla, \u017ee v nejhor\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b by mohla b\u00fdt ochrann\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed a monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed radiace nutn\u00e1 ve vzd\u00e1lenostech od n\u011bkolika des\u00edtek do n\u011bkolika stovek kilometr\u016f.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201eNav\u00edc \u00cdr\u00e1n nen\u00ed jedinou zem\u00ed s jadernou elektr\u00e1rnou. Je tu tak\u00e9 izraelsk\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum v Dimon\u011b, na kter\u00e9 by \u00cdr\u00e1n v reakci ur\u010dit\u011b za\u00fato\u010dil. A Spojen\u00e9 arabsk\u00e9 emir\u00e1ty maj\u00ed jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu postavenou Korejci, kter\u00e1 by se tak\u00e9 mohla st\u00e1t c\u00edlem dal\u0161\u00edho \u00fatoku,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 Anpilogov.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u010cernov poukazuje na t\u0159i potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed dopady. \u201ePrvn\u00edm je p\u0159enos radioaktivn\u00edch aerosol\u016f vzduchem. Druh\u00fdm je kontaminace Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, kter\u00e1 je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b citliv\u00e1 pro zem\u011b, jejich\u017e z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed vodou je siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na odsolov\u00e1n\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00e9 vody. T\u0159et\u00edm jsou omezen\u00ed potravin, mo\u017en\u00e9 zabaven\u00ed ryb\u00edch produkt\u016f a naru\u0161en\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, logistiky a lodn\u00ed dopravy. \u010ctvrt\u00fdm je \u010dist\u011b ekonomick\u00fd dopad. Jak\u00e1koli takov\u00e1 nehoda t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 jist\u011b zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed obavy na komoditn\u00edch trz\u00edch a zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed rizikov\u00e9 pr\u00e9mie v cen\u00e1ch ropy a plynu, poji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed, n\u00e1kladn\u00ed doprav\u011b a region\u00e1ln\u00edm obchodu,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010cernov.<\/span><\/p>\n

To je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b bolestiv\u00e9 pro zem\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu, proto\u017ee mo\u0159e nen\u00ed jen dopravn\u00edm prost\u0159edkem, ale tak\u00e9 zdrojem vody. I mal\u00e1 radioaktivn\u00ed stopa ve vod\u00e1ch by mohla zp\u016fsobit uzav\u0159en\u00ed odsolovac\u00edch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed do doby, ne\u017e budou dokon\u010deny inspekce, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 humanit\u00e1rn\u00ed riziko, dod\u00e1v\u00e1 expert.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201ePokud radioaktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky uniknou do z\u00e1livu, bude to m\u00edt dopad na plankton, ryby a potravn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec. Zku\u0161enosti z Fuku\u0161imy ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee radionuklidy mohou unikat do mo\u0159e a \u0161\u00ed\u0159it se proudy. NOAA dokonce detekovala stopy cesia z Fuku\u0161imy v tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch tu\u0148\u00e1c\u00edch u pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed USA.\u201c<\/span><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201eTo neznamen\u00e1, \u017ee v\u0161echny ryby se stanou smrteln\u011b nebezpe\u010dn\u00fdmi, ale znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed by se mohlo roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it daleko za hranice oblasti nehody a vy\u017eadovat dlouhodob\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b Persk\u00e9ho z\u00e1livu je probl\u00e9m je\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kv\u016fli jeho relativn\u011b uzav\u0159en\u00fdm vod\u00e1m a vysok\u00e9mu zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed,\u201c \u0159\u00edk\u00e1 \u010cernov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zdroj uzav\u00edr\u00e1, \u017ee reaktor v B\u00fa\u0161ehru nen\u00ed konstruov\u00e1n jako \u010cernobyl, ale rozsah jeho p\u0159eshrani\u010dn\u00edch n\u00e1sledk\u016f mohl z nehody ud\u011blat katastrofu pro Bl\u00edzk\u00fd v\u00fdchod srovnatelnou s nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edmi jadern\u00fdmi hav\u00e1riemi modern\u00ed doby.<\/span><\/p>\n

Olga Samofalovov\u00e1<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rusko varuje, \u017ee potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fader na \u00edr\u00e1nskou jadernou elektr\u00e1rnu B\u00fa\u0161ehr p\u0159edstavuje nejen ekonomickou, ale tak\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":102929,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[7],"tags":[1042,38,107,4917,37],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102928"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=102928"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/102928\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/102929"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=102928"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=102928"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.infokuryr.cz\/n\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=102928"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}